Usuku lokuzalwa: Ngomhla we-14 kuMatshi , Ngo-1879
Wafa eneminyaka: 76
Umqondiso welanga: intlanzi
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Jemani
Uzalwe e:Ulm, uBukumkani baseWürttemberg, uBukhosi baseJamani
Idume njenge:Ifiziksi
Iingcaphuno zika-Albert Einstein Ndinesandla sasenxele
Ukuphakama: 5'9 '(175i-CM),5'9 'Kubi
umbono wezopolitiko:yobusoshiyali
Usapho:Iqabane / Ex-:UElsa Löwenthal (ngo-1919 ukuya ku-1936),Idyslexia
Alumni:KwiYunivesithi yaseZurich
UMsunguli / uMsunguli:IOlimpia Academy
ukufumanisa / ukuveliswa:Umthetho weSiphumo sePhotoelectric, i-Einstein Isibandisi
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:IYunivesithi yaseZurich (1905), i-ETH Zurich (1901), iAargau Cantonal School (1895 - 1896), iLuitpold Gymnasium
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UGerd Binnig UHerbert Kroemer J. Georg Bednorz UHorst Ludwig St ...Ngubani u-Albert Einstein?
Ngaba uyabiza ngothanda umntwana oseklasini / kumbutho wakho 'Einstein'? Ukuba ewe, ayinguwe wedwa owenza njalo. Abantu kwihlabathi liphela bahlonipha izihlobo zabo kunye nokuqhelana nesihloko esithi 'Einstein' ngobukrelekrele bomntu obungenangqondo kunye nengqondo yengqondo. Ngelixa kunokuba baninzi ubukrelekrele bengqondo obusebenzayo ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla, kube kanye kuphela kwinkulungwane yokuzalwa kuka-Albert Einstein. Inkulungwane ye-19 ayibonanga nje ukuzalwa kuka-Albert Einstein, kodwa kunye nayo, ukuzalwa kwe-physics yanamhlanje. Ngokufanelekileyo esaziwa njengoBawo weFiziksi yanamhlanje, u-Albert Einstein, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, wayengoyena mntu wayenempembelelo kwinzululwazi yenkulungwane yama-20. Ngophando kunye nokufumanisa kwakhe, u-Einstein wenza inguquko kwicandelo lezenzululwazi. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe emininzi: (a) ithiyori ngokubanzi yobudlelwane, enika inkcazo emanyeneyo yomxhuzulane njengepropathi yejometri yendawo kunye nexesha, kunye (b) nefotoelectric nefuthe lethiyori ye-quantum kwi-physics zezona zibaluleke kakhulu. Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, u-Einstein wapapasha ngaphezulu kwama-300 amaphepha enzululwazi, ngaphandle kwemisebenzi eyi-150 engeyiyo eyenzululwazi. Wayengumamkeli oziqhenyayo ngamabhaso amaninzi, afana neBhaso likaNobel kwiFizikiki, iMedali yaseCopley, imbasa yeMatteucci kunye nembasa kaMax Planck. Ngaphandle kwale, ubonakalisiwe kwiphephancwadi iTimes njengoMntu weNkulungwane. Eli yayiligalelo lakhe eluntwini kangangokuba igama lakhe u-Einstein lenziwa lafaniswa nokuba 'yingqondi'.
Ufuna ukwazi
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Yayiyintoni IQ ka-Albert Einstein?
Sonke siyazi ukuba uAlbert Einstein wayeyingqondi kwaye izimvo zakhe kunye nethiyori zakhokelela kwizinto ezininzi ezenziweyo. Kungokwemvelo ukucinga ukuba kufanelekile ukuba abe ne-IQ ebalaseleyo, kodwa asinayo irekhodi engqina ukuba u-Einstein wakha wavavanyelwa i-IQ. Njengokuvavanywa kwe-IQ kwakusenzeka ngexesha lokuvela kuka-Einstein njenge-physicist eqaqambileyo, akazange avavanyelwe kwaphela. Zininzi iinzame ezenziweyo zokuqikelela ii-IQs zeengcungcu esele zife kunye nabantu abadumileyo kwaye uqikelelo sele lufikile, kodwa asinakutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba olu qikelelo lwe-IQ luchanekile na. Ngokusekwe kukhetho lophando kunye novavanyo luka-Einstein, kunokucingelwa ukuba wayene-IQ ephezulu kakhulu. Olunye uphononongo lubeke i-IQ yakhe kwi-160.
Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:
Iimodeli zeNdima ezidumileyo Ongathanda ukudibana nazo Abona bantu banempembelelo kwimbali Abantu abadumileyo esinqwenela ukuba babesaphila Amanani embali Abangabazukulwana bakhe bathwala into eyothusayo kubo
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#/media/File:Einstein-with-habicht-and-solovine.jpg (Emil Vollenweider kunye noNyana (Bern) (b. 18.03.1849 Aeugst ZH; d. 12.05.1921 Berne BE) [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#/media/File:Albert_Einstein_citizenship_NYWTS.jpg (I-New York Telegraph yeHlabathi kunye nomfoti weLanga wabasebenzi: Al Aumuller [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#/media/File:Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg (UFerdinand Schmutzer [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#/media/File:Einstein_patentoffice.jpg (Lucien Chavan [1] (1868 - 1942), umhlobo ka-Einstein xa wayehlala eBerne. [Indawo kawonke-wonke]
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#/media/File:Einstein_Albert_Elsa_LOC_32096u.jpg (Underwood kunye Underwood, New York [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Albert_Einstein.png.jpg (Google / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0))
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#/media/File:Einstein-formal_portrait-35.jpg (USophie Delar, umfoti; epapashwe ngo-1955 'ngumbutho weendaba ongaziwayo' ngomthombo ngamnye [Indawo yoluntu])Inzululwazi zePisces Iifiziksi zaseJamani Izazinzulu zaseJamani Iminyaka ekhulayo Emva kokuthweswa isidanga, u-Einstein wachitha iminyaka emibini ekhangela umsebenzi kwicandelo lokufundisa, kodwa akakwazanga ukufumana namnye. Ekugqibeleni, ngoncedo lukayise owayesakuba ngulowo wayefunda naye, wafaka isikhwama kwisitulo somvavanyi oncedisayo kwiOfisi yaseburhulumenteni yeZakhiwo zeNgqondo, iofisi yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Kwakungo-1903 uEinstein waba ligosa ngokusisigxina kulo. Umsebenzi wakhe ubandakanya ukuvavanya izicelo zamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kwizixhobo zombane. Umsebenzi wakhe ubukhulu becala unxulumene nemibuzo malunga nokuhanjiswa kweempawu zombane kunye nohambelwano lombane noomatshini ixesha. Kwakungoku apho u-Einstein wenza isigqibo malunga nobume bokukhanya kunye nonxibelelwano olusisiseko phakathi kwexesha kunye nendawo. Uninzi lwemisebenzi emangalisayo ka-Einstein yeza ngeli xesha. Usebenzise ixesha lakhe elikhululekileyo ngokuzibandakanya kuphando lwezesayensi. Ngo-1901, wapapasha iphepha elithi ‘Folgerungen aus den Kapillaritat Erscheinungen’ (Izigqibo ezivela kwiCapillarity Phenomena) kweyona jenali iphambili kwezenzululwazi, u-Annalen der Physik. Iminyaka emine ukusukela apho, ngo-1905, wagqibezela ithisisi yakhe ngokunika ingcaciso (dissertation) eyayinomxholo othi A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions. Kwangokunjalo, wanikwa i-PhD yiDyunivesithi yaseZurich. Nangona kunjalo, isidanga yayisisiqalo nje sezinto ezininzi ezazilindele ukuza.
Izicatshulwa: Ubomi,Ummangaliso Izazinzulu zaseMelika Amadoda ePisces Ukugqwesa kwizifundo Unyaka we-1905, obizwa ngokuba ngu-Annus Mirabilis okanye unyaka ongummangaliso ebomini buka-Einstein, wabona ukuzalwa kuka-Einstein njengomqambi kunye nomyili, kuba kwakulonyaka apho wapapasha amaphepha akhe amane omhlaba. Amaphepha abonelela ngolwazi malunga nefoto ye-photoelectric, intshukumo yeBrownian, ulwalamano olukhethekileyo, kunye nokulingana kwemicimbi namandla. Abazange batshintshe kuphela indlela ihlabathi elijonge ngayo ixesha, indawo kunye nomba, kodwa bancedisa kwaye babeka isiseko sokukhula kwe-physics yanamhlanje. Ukongeza, amaphepha amzisela u-Einstein. Njengoko bekulindelekile, thumela ukupapashwa kwamaphepha, u-Einstein waduma kwangoko kwaye waqatshelwa njengososayensi ophambili. Ngo-1908, waqeshwa njengomhlohli kwiYunivesithi yaseBern. Nangona kunjalo, u-Einstein wayeka esi sikhundla kunye naleyo wayeyibambe kwi-patent office ukuze athathe iprofayili ye-physics docent kwiYunivesithi yaseZurich. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Ngo-1911, waba nguprofesa osisigxina kwiYunivesithi yaseKarl-Ferdinand ePrague. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ngo-1914, wabuyela eJamani njengoko wonyulwa njengomlawuli weKaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics kunye noprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseHumboldt yaseBerlin, enegatya elikhethekileyo kwisivumelwano sakhe esamkhulula kwezona zibophelelo zininzi zokufundisa. Iminyaka emibini ukusukela ngo-1916, u-Einstein wonyulwa njengo-Mongameli we-German Physical Society, isikhundla awasibambayo iminyaka emibini. Ngeli xesha, u-Einstein wafumana ubulungu kwi-Prussian Academy of Science. Uhambo olwenziweyo Ukwanda kwegama lika-Einstein kwaphumela ekubeni amenywe ngokusesikweni nguSodolophu waseNew York, owamkela ngokwakhe usosayensi omkhulu ngo-Epreli 2, 1921. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eNew York, u-Einstein wenza izifundo ezininzi e-Columbia nase-Princeton University. Iposi eNew York, u-Einstein wathuthela eWashington DC, apho wayehamba nabameli abaliqela be-National Academy of Science kwi-White House. Ngexesha lohambo lwakhe ebuyela eYurophu, u-Einstein wenza ixesha elifutshane njengendwendwe le-Britane kunye nefilosofi uViscount Haldane eLondon. Ngexesha lotyelelo lwakhe, u-Einstein wadibana nabantu abaninzi kwezenzululwazi, ezobuntlola kunye nezopolitiko kwaye wenza intetho kwiKholeji yaseKings. Ngomnyaka olandelayo, ngo-1922, u-Einstein waya e-Asia kwaye kamva waya ePalestine, njengenxalenye yohambo lweenyanga ezintandathu kunye nokuthetha. Ukuhamba kwakhe kwakuquka iSingapore, iCeylon, kunye neJapan, apho wanikela uthotho lweentetho ngaphezulu kwamawaka amaJapan. Intetho yakhe yokuqala eJapan yathatha iiyure ezine emva koko wadibana nomlawuli kunye ne-Empress kwi-Imperial Palace. Ukutyelela kuka-Einstein ePalestine kwahlala iintsuku ezili-12. Kwakhona yaba lutyelelo lwakhe kuphela kulo mmandla. Utyelelo olulandelayo luka-Einstein eMelika ngo-1933. Watyelela iiyunivesithi ezininzi ngexesha lotyelelo. Uye wangenela ubuchwephesha bokutyelela iinyanga ezimbini kwiCarlifonia Institute of Technology. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Ngelixa ebuyela eBelgium ngasekupheleni kuka-Matshi, u-Einstein weva iindaba zokuba ikhephu lakhe kunye nesikhephe sokuzonwabisa sithathiwe ngamaNazi, awayevukele emandleni phantsi kwegunya likakhansela omtsha waseJamani. Ukubuya kwakhe, u-Einstein waphantse waya kummeli waseJamani apho wayelahla ipasipoti yakhe kwaye wayeka ukuba ngummi waseJamani. (Wayekhe wabulahla ngaphambili ubumi baseJamani e-Wurttemberg. Umthetho omtsha wawusekwe eJamani apho amaJuda ayengenakho ukubamba izikhundla ezisemthethweni, kubandakanya ukufundisa kwiiyunivesithi. uluhlu lwethagethi zokubulala zamaNazi ngexabiso le- $ 5,000 entlokweni yakhe.U-Einstein wafumana indawo yokuhlala yethutyana eNgilane, ngaphambi kokuba abuyele e-US ngo-Okthobha ka-1933. IJersey, eyayifuna ubukho bayo iinyanga ezintandathu ngonyaka.Ukuzibandakanya kwakhe neziko kwaqhubeka de kwasekufeni kwakhe.U-Einstein wayengaqinisekanga ngekamva lakhe, njengoko wayefumana izithembiso kwiiyunivesithi zaseYurophu. Ngo-1939, iqela lezazinzulu laseHungary lazama ukwazisa iWashington ngophando lwebhombu yeathom oluqhubekayo olwenziwa ngamaNazi. wever, khange kunikelwe ngqalelo kangako kwisilumkiso sabo. Kananjalo, babhenela ku-Einstein, owabhalela uMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt ileta emazisa ngento enokwenzeka. Ileta yakhawuleza yathathela ingqalelo urhulumente wase-US, owabandakanyeka ngqo kuphando lwe-uranium kunye nophando olunxulumene nokusabela kwetyathanga. I-US isebenzise ubutyebi bayo obukhulu bezemali kunye nobenzululwazi ukuqalisa iManhattan Project kwaye yabonakala njengelona lizwe liphela eliphumelela ngempumelelo ibhombu ye-athomu ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. U-Einstein wafumana ubumi ngokusisigxina e-US ngonyaka ka-1940. Eyona nto yayinomtsalane kuye malunga neli lizwe kunye nenkcubeko yalo yayikukubakho kwemeko yedemokhrasi ngokungafaniyo neYurophu. E-US, abantu bavuzwa ngemisebenzi yabo kwaye banelungelo lokuthetha kwaye bacinge ngento ebakholisayo. U-Einstein, kwiminyaka yakhe yamva, wanikwa isikhundla sokuba nguMongameli wakwa-Israyeli, kodwa wasala kwa eso sigqibo esithi akanabuchule okanye amava. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi 
Izicatshulwa: Mna Imisebenzi emikhulu Ngo-1905, u-Einstein weza nemisebenzi yakhe yenguqulelo, eyayijolise kwisiphumo se-photoelectric, intshukumo yaseBrownian, ithiyori ekhethekileyo yolwalamano kunye nokulingana kwemicimbi namandla. Usebenze ngokutshintsha-tshintsha kwe-thermodynamic kunye ne-physics statistical. Ude wasebenza kulwalamano ngokubanzi kwaye wasebenzisa efanayo ukucacisa i-cosmology. Omnye umsebenzi owenziwa ngu-Einstein ubandakanya imodeli yegesi iSchrodinger kunye nefriji ka-Einstein. Amabhaso kunye neMpumelelo Ufumene ibhaso likaNobel kwiFizikiki ngo-1921 ngenxa yeenkonzo zakhe kwi-Theoretical Physics, ngakumbi ngokufumanisa umthetho we-photoelectric effect. Ngomnyaka we-1929, u-Einstein wanikezelwa ngembasa kaMax Planck yoMbutho woMzimba waseJamani eBerlin ngo-1936, wanikwa imbasa yeFranklin Institute yaseFranklin ngomsebenzi wakhe omninzi kunxulumano kunye nefoto yombane we-International Union ye-Pure ne-Applied Physics egama lingu-2005. 'njengoNyaka weHlabathi weFizikiki' osisikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-100 yokupapashwa kwamaphepha e'nnus mirabilis '. U-Albert Einstein unegama lakhe kwipaki yesayensi, ebekwe endulini, eTelegrafenberg ePotsdam, eJamani. Ipaki inenqaba egama lingu-Einstein Tower eyi-astrophysical, eyakhelwe ukwenza iitshekhi zika-Einstein ithiyori ye-General Relativity Washington DC izindlu ze-Albert Einstein Memorial. Kuwo umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu obonisa u-Einstein ehleli ephethe amaphepha ngesandla. Qhubeka nokuFunda ezantsi kweenyanga ezine emva kokubhubha kwakhe, into yeekhemikhali 99 (einsteinium) kwathiwa igama lakhe ngumagazini iThe Time, ngo-1999, kwathiwa ngu-Einstein njengoMntu weNkulungwane. Inkonzo yeposi yaseMelika ihloniphe u-Einstein ngothotho lwabantu abadumileyo baseMelika nge-8 yepesenti yesitampu. Ngo-2008, u-Einstein wanyuselwa kwiHolo yoDumo yaseNew Jersey. Usapho, uBomi baBantu kunye neLifa Unyaka we-1896 wawubalulekile ku-Einstein ngokubhekisele kubomi bakhe bobuqu, kuba ngelo xesha ke wadibana noMileva Mariac. Aba babini baba ngabahlobo abakhulu kwaye kungekudala, obu buhlobo baphelela emtshatweni. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqhina omtshato abotshelelwe, u-Einstein kunye noMariac baba ngabazali kumntwana wabo wokuqala, intombi ababiza ngokuba nguLieserl. U-Einstein noMariac batshata ngoJanuwari ka-1903. Kamva kunyaka olandelayo, uMariac wazala unyana wabo wokuqala, uHans Albert Einstein. Kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, esi sibini sasikelelwa ngomnye unyana, uEduard. Ngo-1914, u-Einstein wathuthela eBerlin, ngelixa umfazi wakhe noonyana bakhe ababini bahlala eZurich. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, aba babini baqhawula umtshato ngoFebruwari 14, 1919. Kwakuloo nyaka, u-Einstein waphinda watshata kunye neli nenekazi lothando, u-Elsa Lowenthal, emva kokuba ebenobudlelwane naye ukusukela ngo-1912. Ngo-1933, esi sibini safudukela e-United States. Emva kokuba efunyaniswe eneengxaki zentliziyo nezintso ngo-1835, uElsa akazange aphile xesha lide wasweleka ngoDisemba ka-1936. U-Albert Einstein wafumana ukopha ngaphakathi, okwabangelwa kukuqhekeka kwe-aortic aneurysm esiswini ngo-Epreli 17, 1955. Ugqirha Rudolph Nissen wayeqinise utyando olufanayo ngo-1948, ingxaki yaphinda yavela. Uye wangeniswa kwisibhedlele iPrinceton. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Nangona oogqirha babelungiselela utyando, u-Einstein wala into enye esithi akafuni ukwandisa ubomi besebenzisa amanyathelo angengowakhe. Ngenxa yoko, u-Einstein waphefumla okokugqibela ngo-Epreli 18, 1955. Watshiswa kwaye uthuthu lwakhe lwathi saa kwindawo engachazwanga. Inqaku Uyaziwa ngokuba nguYise weFizikiki yanamhlanje. Into enomdla kukuba, ifani yakhe iye yagwetywa ngentsingiselo ethi 'yingqondi', kwaye isetyenziswa lihlabathi liphela. I-mastermind kunye ne-physicist ye-physicist engenakulinganiswa, unoxanduva lokudala amaza amatsha kwintsimi ye-physics yanamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, njengomntwana, wayejamelana nobunzima bokuthetha kwaye wayenesantya ekuthetheni. Mabini amatyala athe abanefuthe elibonakalayo kubomi beli zwi liphumelele i-Nobel Prize physicists- ukudibana nekhampasi kunye nokufumanisa i-Element ye-Euclid incwadi yejiyometri ayibiza ngothando ngokuthi 'yincwadi encinci yejiyometri'. Emva kokusweleka, ugqirha wezifo zasesibhedlele iPrinceton, uThomas Stoltz Harvey, ususe le ngcali yenzululwazi ukuze igcinwe ngaphandle kwemvume yosapho, ngethemba lokuba inzululwazi yexesha elizayo izokwazi ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni eyenze ukuba indoda ephuhlise ithiyori Ulwalamano lunengqiqo. Amanqaku ayi-10 aphezulu owawungazi ngoAlbert Einstein UAlbert Einstein wayezigqala njengomntu okholelwa ukuba uThixo akanakwaziwa, akakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo njengoko abanye abantu bekholelwa njalo. Wayeyindoda yamanenekazi kwaye wayenemicimbi emininzi engaphandle komtshato. Umama wakhe wayengumdlali wepiyano kwaye wafaka kuye uthando lobomi bonke bomculo. U-Einstein ngokwakhe wayengumdlali we-violin onetalente. Wayengumfundi ocothayo njengomntwana kwaye enengxaki yokuthetha. Kuyatshiwo ukuba ulindele lukhulu kumfazi wakhe wokuqala kwaye wamisela imigaqo engaqhelekanga ukuba ayilandele. U-Einstein wayesaziwa ngokungabonakali kakuhle, ngakumbi iinwele zakhe ezingalawulekiyo. Inyani engaziwayo ngabantu abaninzi kukuba wayethiyile ukunxiba iikawusi. U-Einstein wayekhe wanikwa ubongameli bakwa-Israyeli awathi akavuma ngentlonelo. Imali yakhe yeNobel Prize yaya kulowo wayesakuba ngumfazi wakhe njengesiqhelo sokuqhawula umtshato. Wayedume ngokungabikho kwengqondo-wayengawakhumbuli amagama, imihla kunye neenombolo zefowuni. Wayekuthanda ukuhamba ngenqanawa kwaye wanikwa isikhephe njengesipho ngomhla wakhe wokuzalwa wama-50. Kodwa wayengengomatiloshe ulungileyo kwaye kwakufuneka ahlangulwe rhoqo.
