Wazalwa:304 BC
Wafa eneminyaka: 72
Kwaziwa njenge:UDharma Ashoka, uAshoka owoyikekayo, uAsoka, uAshoka Omkhulu
Uzalwe e:Pataliputra
Idume njenge:Umlawuli waseIndiya waseMaurya Dynasty
Iinkokeli Abalawuli kunye neeKumkani
Usapho:Iqabane / Ex-:Karuvaki, Maharani Devi, Rani Padmavati, Tishyaraksha
utata: IPatna, eIndiya
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi
Kuyacetyiswa Wena
IBindusara UNarendra Modi UManmohan Singh Y. S. Jaganmoha ...Wayengubani u-Ashoka?
U-Ashoka, okwabizwa ngokuba ngu-'Ashoka Omkhulu ', wayengumlawuli wesithathu wobukumkani base-Mauryan kwaye wayengomnye wabalawuli abakhulu be-India ababelawula phantse i-Indian subcontinent yonke. Waziwa kakhulu ngokusasaza ubuBuddha kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Wakhula waba yinkosi eyoyikekayo enombono wokwandisa ubukhosi bakhe ngokuqhubekayo, eyayolula i-Indian subcontinent ishiya ecaleni emazantsi eTamil Nadu naseKerala. Nangona kunjalo, yayiluloyiso lukaKalinga, olwalubonwa njengolona lubulala igazi kakhulu nolona lubulalayo, olwashiya luphazamisekile lwaza lwamguqula ukusuka kumlawuli onoburhalarhume oziphindezelayo waba ngumlawuli onoxolo nongenabundlobongela. Wakha iindawo ezininzi zobukumkani bakhe, kwaye wakha iintsika ezininzi, ezona zibalulekileyo kuzo yayiyiNtsika yaseAshoka, equlathe iNkunzi yeNgonyama yaseAshoka namhlanje engumqondiso welizwe laseIndiya. Ukongeza koku, i-Ashoka Chakra yakhe, ebhalwe kwizinto zakhe ezininzi (ezibalaseleyo phakathi kwazo yiLion Capital yaseSarnath kunye ne-Ashoka Pillar), ikumbindi weflegi yeSizwe yaseIndiya. Ulawulo luka-Ashoka luthathwa njengelinye lawona maxesha azukileyo kwimbali yase-India. Nangona ubuBuddha baphela eIndiya emva kokubhubha kwakhe, baqhubeka nokuchuma kwaye basasazeka kwezinye iindawo, ngakumbi kwimpuma nakumazantsi mpuma Asiya.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgPxUiRpNlI (Cogito) Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala U-Ashoka wazalwa njengo-Devanampriya Priyadarshi Samrat Ashoka, ngo-304 BC, e-Pataliputra (kufutshane ne Patna yanamhlanje), kumlawuli wesibini we-Mauryan Dynasty, e-Bindusara nase-Maharani Dharma. Umzukulwana womsunguli we-Mauryan Dynasty, uChandragupta Maurya, wayenabantakwabo abasiqingatha abasuka kwabanye abafazi bakayise. Uzalelwe kusapho lwasebukhosini, wayenobuchule ekulweni ukusukela ebuntwaneni kwaye wafumana uqeqesho lwasemkhosini. Ngaphandle koko, wayegqwesile nasekuzingeleni, kubonakala kumandla akhe okubulala ingonyama ngentonga yomthi kuphela. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ukungena kunye nolawulo Uthathwa njengenkokeli yezomkhosi engenaloyiko kwaye engenazintloni, kwathiwa makathintele izidubedube kwiphondo laseAvanti lobukhosi. Utyunjwe njenge-Viceroy yephondo lase-Avanti kwi-286 BC emva kokucinezela imvukelo e-Ujjain. Wabizwa nguyise ukuba ancede indlalifa-ebonakalayo uSusima xa wayephelisa imvukelo eTaxila, awayenza ngempumelelo, ngokwenza oko waba ngu-Viceroy waseTaxila. Kukwathiwa uphathe kwaye wanqanda imvukelo yesibini eTaxila kamva. Emva kokusweleka kukayise uBindusara ngo-272 BC, kwaqhambuka iminyaka emibini edlakadlaka phakathi kuka-Ashoka nabantakwabo. NgokukaDipavansa noMahavansa (imibhalo yamaBuddha), wabulala abantakwabo abangama-99, esindisa uVitashoka okanye uTissa, ukubamba itrone. Ngelixa wayenyukayo esihlalweni sobukumkani ngo-272 BC, kwafuneka alinde iminyaka emine ukubekwa kwakhe esihlalweni ngo-269 BC ukuze abe ngumlawuli wesithathu wobukumkani baseMauryan. Wayexhaswa ngabaphathiswa bakayise, ngakumbi uRadhagupta, owadlala indima enkulu kwimpumelelo yakhe kwaye wonyulwa njenge-Prime Minster emva kokuba u-Ashoka abe ngumlawuli. Wayehlala emfazweni rhoqo kwiminyaka esibhozo yokuqala yokulawula kwakhe, esandisa ubukhosi bakhe ngaphesheya kwe-Indian subcontinent, kubandakanya i-Iran neAfghanistan eNtshona, kunye neBangladesh kunye nomda waseBurma eMpuma. Wayephumelele ekufumaneni i-Godavari-Krishna basin kunye neMysore emazantsi, nangona iindawo ezisemazantsi eTamil Nadu, Kerala naseSri Lanka zazingafikeleleki kuye. Nangona ababengaphambi kuka-Ashoka babelawula ubukhosi obukhulu, ubukumkani baseKalinga kunxweme olusempuma-mpuma yeIndiya (namhlanje i-Odisha kunye ne-North Coastal Andhra Pradesh) abuzange bube phantsi kolawulo lwe-Mauryan Empire. U-Ashoka wayefuna ukuyitshintsha le nto kwaye ahlasele uKalinga ngokufanayo. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Imfazwe enegazi eKalinga ishiye amajoni angama-100,000 kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo beswelekile kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-150,000 bagxothwa. Ukubulawa kwabantu okukhulu kugulise u-Ashoka kangangokuba wafunga ukuba akaze aphinde alwe kwaye waqala ukwenza ubundlobongela. Ngokwimithombo yamaBuddha, waphenjelelwa ziimfundiso zobuBuddha kangangokuba waguquka waba ngumBhuda, wayenza inkolo yakhe yaseburhulumenteni. Ukhuphe uthotho lwemiyalelo ebeka imigaqo esisiseko yokwenza imigaqo-nkqubo kubukhosi bakhe. Oku kwabhengezwa ngemiyalelo kunye nemibhalo ebhalwe ngolwimi lwengingqi kwiintsika nakumatye. Inani leemonki zamaBuddha zathunyelwa eIndiya nakwamanye amazwe, anjengeAfghanistan, iSyria, iPersi, iGrisi, i-Itali, iThailand, iVietnam, iNepal, iBhutan, iMongolia, iChina, iCambodia, iLaos neBurma, ukusasaza ubuBuddha. Iimfazwe ezinkulu Uhlasele uKalinga ngo-261 BC ukubandisa ubukhosi bakhe kwaye waboyisa ngempumelelo, kodwa wothuka xa ebona ukutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kubangelwe yipropathi kunye nobomi babantu. Impumelelo Kuthiwa wakha ii-stupas ezingama-84,000 zokugcina izinto zikaBuddha kunye neendawo zokucamngca, ngaphesheya kwe-Asiya ese-Asia kunye ne-Asia eseMbindini yeemonki zamaBuddha. 'I-Ashoka Chakra' yakhe okanye 'ivili lobulungisa', elibhalwe ngokubanzi kwimifanekiso emininzi ye-Mauryan Emperor (eyaziwayo phakathi kwabo yiLion Capital yaseSarnath kunye ne-Ashoka Pillar), yamkelwa kwiflegi yaseIndiya. Iintsika zayalela okanye i-Ashokstambha, enobude obungama-40 ukuya kuma-50 eemitha ukuphakama, zamiswa kuzo zonke iindawo ezikumda wobukhosi baseMauryan, zaya kufikelela naseNepal, Pakistan naseAfghanistan, nangona zilishumi kuphela ezisindayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ulawule ukwakhiwa komfanekiso weengonyama ezine emi ngasemva, eyaziwa njengeLion Capital yaseAshoka, ephezu kwentsika yaseAshoka eSarnath (Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh). Ngumqondiso welizwe laseIndiya. Ingxowankulu yeNgonyama inokufumaneka kwiMyuziyam yaseSarnath, ngelixa intsika yeAshoka, ekwabizwa ngokuba yikholamu yaseAshoka, isekhona kwindawo yayo. Wayejongana nolwakhiwo lwe ‘viharas’ okanye amaziko obukrelekrele - iYunivesithi yaseNalanda kunye neDyunivesithi yaseTaxila, izidenge - iDhamek stupa, iBharhut stupa, iSannati stupa, iButkara stupa, iBarabar Caves, iTempile yaseMahabodhi, kunye neSanchi. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Ngelixa wayesekuthinjweni eKalinga kangangeminyaka emibini ukuze abaleke ubutshaba babantakwabo, wadibana wathandana nenkosazana yayo, uKaurwaki, njengomntu oqhelekileyo, bobabini bengazi ukuba ngubani. Aba babini batshata ngokufihlakeleyo. Ngelixa wayephathwa ngokwenzakala kwakhe e-Ujjain, wadibana noVidisa Mahadevi Sakya Kumari (Devi), waseVidisha, awatshata naye kamva. Esi sibini sinabantwana ababini - unyana kaMahendra kunye nentombi uSanghamitra. Ngaphandle kukaKaurwaki noDevi, kukholelwa ukuba wayenabanye abafazi abaninzi. UPadmavati, uTishyaraksha kunye no-Asandhimitra ngabanye babo, awayenabantwana abaliqela kunye nabo. Abantwana bakhe, uMahendra noSanghamitra, badlale indima enkulu ekumiseni nasasazeni ubuBuddha eCeylon (namhlanje eyiSri Lanka). Nangona wabakhuthaza abantu bakhe ukuba balandele imilinganiselo kunye nemigaqo yamaBuddha, wavumela ezinye iinkonzo, ezifana neJainism, iZoroastrianism, iAjivikaism kunye ne-Greek polytheism, kubukumkani bakhe. Usweleke e-232 BC, eneminyaka eyi-72, njengokumkani ozinzileyo nonenceba obakhathalele abantu bakhe.
