B. F. Skinner ngobomi

Imbuyekezo Yophawu Lwe-Zodiac
Ukuqiqa

Fumana Ukuhambelana Nophawu Lwe-Zodiac

Iinkcukacha ezikhawulezayo

Usuku lokuzalwa: Ngomhla wamashumi amabini ku-Matshi , Ngo-1904





Wafa eneminyaka: 86

Umqondiso welanga: intlanzi



Kwaziwa njenge:UBurrhus Frederic Skinner

Uzalwe e:USusquehanna, ePennsylvania, eUnited States



Idume njenge:Isazi ngengqondo saseMelika

Iingcaphuno zikaB. F. Skinner Iingcali zengqondo



Usapho:

Iqabane / Ex-:UYvonne Blue (m. 1936-1990)



utata:UWilliam

umama:UGrace Skinner

abantakwenu:Edward

abantwana:UDeborah (m. Buzan), uJulie (m. Vargas)

Usweleke kwi: Nge-18 ka-Agasti , Ngo-1990

indawo yokufa:EMassachusetts, eUnited States

U.S. Urhulumente: IPennsylvania

Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya

Imfundo:Ikholeji yaseHamilton, kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard

Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi

Kuyacetyiswa Wena

UAbraham Maslow UHarry Harlow UCarol S. Dweck UMartin Seligman

Ngubani uB. F. Skinner?

UBurrhus Frederic BF Skinner wayengusosayensi wezengqondo kunye nefilosofi kwezentlalo ethathwa njengovulindlela kwicandelo lokuziphatha. Waseka isikolo esahlukileyo se-psychology esaziwa njenge-radical behaviourism eyahluke kakhulu kwezinye izikolo zengqondo. Wayekholelwa ukuba izinto eziphilayo zihlala ziphinda isenzo abakholelwa ukuba zibanika iziphumo ezilungileyo. Wabiza lo mgaqo wokomeleza. Wayengumntu okrelekrele, odala izinto, kwaye ozimeleyo owayehlala ezifumana engqongwe yimpikiswano ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe. Wayecinga ukuba inkululeko yokuzikhethela yayiyinto engekhoyo kwaye wayikhaba ngaw 'omane into yokuba abantu banenkululeko okanye isidima. Wayekwangumqambi onikwa iwonga ukuba enze into yegumbi lokusebenzela elisetyenziselwa ukufunda imeko yokuziphatha. Uyile isikhululo somoya, ubushushu kunye nokufuma okulawulwayo kwesitya sokugcina abantwana. Oku kwabonakala kuyeyona nto iphikisayo kwaye wagxekwa kakhulu ngokwenza ubundlobongela kwiintsana ezincinci. Umbhali onobunkunkqele, wabhala amanqaku ali-180 kunye neencwadi ezingaphaya kwama-20, ezona zaziwayo zizi-‘Walden Two ’kunye ne‘ Beyond Freedom and Dignity ’. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe wayesebenza njengonjingalwazi kwiikholeji ezahlukeneyo kwaye washiya ifuthe elinamandla kwicandelo lezemfundo. Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMnxMqsMxfY
(B. F. Skinner Foundation Uvimba weVidiyo) Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:B.F._Skinner.jpg
(Msanders nti [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]) Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.minnesotaalumni.org/s/1118/social.aspx?sid=1118&gid=1&pgid=3375&calpgid=3357 Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950.jpg
(Umvundla osisilumko [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)]) Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUzoa7Vv5sE
(i-autismvid)UthandoQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiIingqondi zaseMelika kunye nezifundo Amadoda ePisces Umsebenzi Ufumene i-PhD yakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard ngo-1931 kwaye wakhonza njengomphengululi kwade kwaba ngu-1936. Ngelixesha wayeseHarvard waqala ukusebenza ekwakheni igumbi elisebenza ngabantu. Eyaziwa njengebhokisi yoLusu, sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukufundisisa imeko yokusebenza kunye nemeko yoqobo kwizilwanyana. Emva kokushiya iHarvard ngo-1936 waba nguMyaleli kwiYunivesithi yaseMinnesota. Wenziwa uNjingalwazi oNcedisayo ngo-1937 kunye noNjingalwazi onxulumene naye ngo-1939. Wahlala kwesi sikhundla kwade kwaba ngu-1945. Waqeshwa njengoNjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yase-Indiana ngo-1945 waphinda wanyulwa njengoSihlalo weSebe lezeNgqondo. Wemka emva kokusebenza apho iminyaka emithathu. Wabuyela kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard njengoprofesa oqeshwe ngo-1948 waza wafundisa apho ubomi bakhe bonke. Waseka isikolo esahlukileyo se-psychology esaziwa ngokuba yi 'radical behaviourism'. Umsebenzi wakhe wengqondo usekwe kwimeko yokusebenza, kwaye wayekholelwa ekubeni izinto eziphilayo azinayo inkululeko yokuzikhethela kwaye ziya kuphinda ziziphathe ezibanika iziphumo ezilungileyo. Uyile umatshini wokufundisa, isixhobo ukulungiselela ukufunda kuluhlu olubanzi lwabafundi. Umatshini unokulawula ikharityhulam yokufundisa okucwangcisiweyo, ukubonelela abafundi ngemibuzo kunye nokuvuza impendulo nganye echanekileyo ukuze ubakhuthaze. Wabhala incwadi yamabali obuxoki, 'iWalden Two', inoveli engabalulekanga ngo-1948. Yayiyincwadi enempikiswano njengoko uSkinner wayeyikhaba le ntetho yenkululeko yokuzikhethela, umoya nomphefumlo. Ucacisile ukuba isimilo somntu simiselwa yimfuza kunye nokusingqongileyo hayi ngokuzikhethela. Ngo-1957, wapapasha incwadi yakhe ethi ‘Verbal Behaviour’ nalapho wayehlalutya indlela yokuziphatha komntu ngokusebenzisa ulwimi, iilwimi nokuthetha. Yayingumsebenzi wethiyori kuphela owawuxhaswe luphando oluncinci lovavanyo. Qhubeka nokuFunda ezantsi kweNcwadi yakhe edumileyo ethi 'Beyond Freedom and Dignity' yakhutshwa ngo-1971. Ngalo msebenzi wanyusa eyakhe ifilosofi yesayensi nento awayeyibiza ngokuba yinjineli yenkcubeko. Incwadi yaba ngumthengisi weNew York Times. Izicatshulwa: Ukuzama Imisebenzi emikhulu Waqulunqa igumbi lokuma elisebenzayo elinceda ekufundeni imeko yokuziphatha kwizilwanyana ngokuzifundisa ukuba zenze isenzo esithile ukuphendula kwisikhuthazi esithile. La magumbi asetyenziswa kwicandelo lophando lokufunda ngokuziphatha kwezilwanyana nakwingqondo. Isikolo sakhe seengqondo, isimilo esiqatha, sisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kuluntu lwanamhlanje njengolawulo, ukuziqhelanisa neklinikhi, uqeqesho lwezilwanyana kunye nemfundo. Ithiyori zakhe zikwanceda ekwenziweni konyango lwabantwana abanesifo sengqondo. Amabhaso kunye neMpumelelo Ufumene imbasa yegolide kwiAmerican Psychological Foundation ngo-1971. Waye wawongwa ngeMbasa yeLifeetime Achievement yi-American Psychology Association ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu kwicandelo lezengqondo ngo-1990. Ubomi boBuntu kunye neLifa Watshata noYvonne Blue ngo-1936. Esi sibini sasineentombi ezimbini, uJulie noDeborah. Intombi yakhe uJulie ngumbhali kunye notitshala. I-BF Skinner Foundation yasekwa kwi-1988 ngenkxaso yayo ukukhuthaza inzululwazi eyasekwa nguye. Intombi yakhe uJulie ngumongameli wesiseko. Wafunyaniswa ene-leukemia ngo-1989 kwaye wabulawa sisifo ngo-1990. Inqaku Isithandi sobulumko kunye nososayensi wokuqonda uNoam Chomsky wayengoyena mgxeki wakhe omkhulu. Ijuba yayisisilwanyana sakhe asithandayo sokulinga.