Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoFebruwari 12 , Ngo-1809
Wafa eneminyaka: 73
Umqondiso welanga: U-Aquarius
Kwaziwa njenge:UCharles Robert Darwin
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: ENgilani
Uzalwe e:INdlu yeNtaba, eShrewsbury, eNgilani
Idume njenge:Yendalo
Iingcaphuno zikaCharles Darwin Iingcali zeBotanists
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UEmma Darwin
utata:URobert Darwin
umama:USusannah Darwin
abantwana:Anne Darwin, Anne Elizabeth Darwin, Charles Waring Darwin, Etty Darwin, Francis Darwin, George Darwin, Horace Darwin, Leonard Darwin, Mary Eleanor Darwin, William Erasmus Darwin
Usweleke kwi: Epreli 19 , Ngo-1882
indawo yokufa:Ndlu esezantsi, Downe, Kent, eNgilani
Ubuntu: INTP
Unobangela wokufa:Ukumelwa yintliziyo
Izifo kunye nokukhubazeka: Uxinzelelo,Uyathintitha / Uyathintitha
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:Ikholeji kaChristian Cambridge, iYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh Medical School, iShrewsbury School, iChristian College yaseCambridge, iYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh Medical School
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UGeri Halliwell URichard Dawkins Inkampu yaseLady Colin ... UDavide akazangeWayengubani uCharles Darwin?
UCharles Darwin wayenguNgesi webhayoloji, isayensi yendalo kunye nejoloji. Ukuvela kwe-homo-sapiens kwiinkawu yingqondo eyaziwayo ngokubanzi namhlanje, kodwa emva phaya kwinkulungwane ye-19 xa uCharles Darwin wazisa okokuqala ingcamango yakhe yenguqulelo kwindaleko, wakhalinyelwa. Ingcamango yakhe yahlekwa phantse ngumntu wonke emhlabeni, kuquka neCawa. Yahlala ingamkelekanga de kwaba semva kwexesha, xa yathathwa njenge-orthodoxy entsha. Izifundo ze-DNA zabhengeza ukuba ithiyori yokuba izinto zazivelela ziyinyani kwaye zazichasa iimbono zonqulo ezazikhona ngelo xesha. Uzalelwe kusapho olufumileyo eShrewsbury, uCharles Robert Darwin wayecebe ukwenza umsebenzi wobugqirha, kodwa kungekudala wancama umbono wakhe ukuze aqhubeke nothando lokuba yindalo. Emva kweminyaka yokufunda ngokuzinikela, wasungula umbono wokuba zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana zavela kwizinyanya ezifanayo kwaye indlela ye-branching yendaleko ibangelwe yinkqubo awayibiza ngokuba 'kukhetho lwendalo.' obabuguqula ngokupheleleyo ubomi bakhe, bamenza njengengcali yokwakheka komhlaba. Kwakungo 1858 apho weza nomsebenzi wakhe owaziwayo 'KwiMvelaphi yeeNdidi ngeNdlela yoKhetho lweNdalo.' Ngo-1871, wapapasha ethi 'Ukuhla komntu, kunye nokukhethwa ngokunxulumene nokwabelana ngesondo. ukhetho. Ngo-1881, wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokugqibela ethi 'The Formation of Vegetable Mold, nge-Actions of Worms' apho wayehlola khona iintshulube zomhlaba.
Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:
Iimodeli eziDumileyo zeNdima ongathanda ukudibana nazo Abona bantu banempembelelo kwimbali Ababhali abaPhikisayo abangama-50 ngalo lonke ixesha Ezona ngqondo zibalaseleyo kwimbali
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Robert_Darwin_by_John_Collier.jpg (UJohn Collier [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_1816.jpg (Ellen Sharples [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_by_Maull_and_Polyblank,_1855-1.jpg (Maull kunye nePolyblank [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1878_Darwin_photo_by_Leonard_from_Woodall_1884_-_cropped_grayed_partially_cleaned.jpg (Leonard Darwin / Indawo yoluntu)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg (UJulia Margaret Cameron / Indawo yoluntu)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg (UCharles_Darwin_seated.jpg: UHenry Maull (1829–1914) noJohn Fox (1832-1907) (Maull & Fox) [3] umsebenzi ovela koku: IBeao / indawo kaRhulumente)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_01.jpg (UJulia Margaret Cameron / Indawo yoluntu)Ubomi,Umculo,MnaQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiIYunivesithi yaseCambridge IYunivesithi yase-Edinburgh Ababhali abangamadoda Umsebenzi Ngo-Agasti ka-1831, wafumana isibonelelo esivela ku-Henslow sokuba amjoyine njengendalo yendalo kwindawo eneziqu ezizimeleyo kwi-‘HMS Beagle. ’UDarwin wayezimisele ukuya kuhambo njengoko wayesazi ukuba luzakutshintsha ubomi bakhe ngonaphakade. Ukuthinjwa nguRobert FitzRoy, inqanawa yaqala uhambo lweminyaka emibini (njengoko bekucwangcisiwe) kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona utata wakhe ekuqaleni wayewuthanda lo mbono, kamva uDarwin wanikwa umqondiso oluhlaza. Olu hambo, olwathatha iminyaka emihlanu, lwaba lelona thuba lobomi kuye. Uhambo luqale nge-27 kaDisemba ngo-1831. Ngelixa i-‘Beagle ’ihlola amanxweme, ichithe ixesha emhlabeni, iphanda ngejoloji nokwenza ingqokelela yembali yendalo. Ngexesha lokuhamba, waqokelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentaka, izityalo, kunye neefosili, awayezincamathisela kwikopi yejenali yakhe wayithumela eCambridge. Amava awodwa amnike ithuba lokujonga ngokusondeleyo imigaqo-nkqubo ye-botany, i-geology kunye ne-zoology. Wayekhathazwa kukugula kwaselwandle kodwa akazange akuvumele ukugula kwakhe kungene kuphando lwakhe. Ubungcali bakhe bokuma komhlaba, ukuphatha ooqongqothwane, kunye nokusasaza izilwanyana ezingenamqolo zolwandle kwamnceda. Ngokumalunga namanye amacandelo, waqokelela iisampulu zovavanyo lweengcali. Njengokuba ‘iBeagle’ yayinqumla kunxweme lo Mzantsi Melika, ithiyori yendawo nendawo kunye nokupheliswa kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo. Iziqithi zePasifiki kunye neGalapagos Archipelago zazinomdla okhethekileyo eDarwin, njengoko kunjalo noMzantsi Melika. Olu hambo luye lwanefuthe elihlala lihleli engqondweni yale mntu usakhasayo oqale ukuphuhlisa ithiyori yenguquko malunga nemvelaphi yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ithiyori yakhe yayiphikisana nenkolelo edumileyo yezinye izinto zendalo ngelo xesha. Emva kokubuyela eNgilane ngo-1936, waqala wakubhala phantsi oko wakufumanisayo kwincwadi enesihloko esithi ‘Ijenali Namazwi’ eyapapashwa kamva njengenxalenye yencwadi enkulu kaCaptain FitzRoy ethi ‘Narrative.’ Le ncwadi yanika ihlabathi iinkolelo nezimvo ezininzi ezintsha. Ngelixa iintaka zeGalapagos zazili-12 iintlobo ezahlukileyo zooantlanzi, iziqwenga zezixhobo awayeziqokelele zazivela eGlyptodon, isidalwa esikhulu esinjengeengalo ezazingasekho. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Akukho xesha, wajoyina i-elite yesayensi kwaye wanyulwa kwiBhunga leGeological Society. Ngelixa ngaphambili wayesebenza kwinto yokuba olunye uhlobo lutshintshe lube lolunye, emva koko waqala ukusebenza ngokwahluka kwemithombo. Ngelixa esebenza kwakhona kuphononongo lwe-transmutation, wahlela umsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili kwaye wayipapasha njengesixa semixholo emininzi esihloko sithi ‘Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. ’Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo olwaluhamba nomsebenzi wakhe lwaba nempembelelo kwimpilo yakhe njengoko wayekhathazwa yimpilo kwaye wacetyiswa ukuba awuyeke umsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1838 wathatha isikhundla sokuba nguNobhala we-Geological Society. Wenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo ekutshintsheni, kwaye akazange aphoswe lithuba lokuqhushumisa iingcali zezendalo kunye nabasebenzi bezentsimi ngemibuzo. Impilo yakhe yaya isiba mandundu kwaye yamenza wangakwazi ukusebenza, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni afudukele eScotland okwexeshana. Emva kokubuyela eLondon, waqhubeka nophando. NgoJanuwari 24, 1839, wamiselwa njengoMntu weRoyal Society. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wayesele enze ithiyori yokhetho lwendalo. Ngo-Meyi ka-1839, iFitzRoy's 'Narrative' yagqitywa yapapashwa kwaye ngalo msebenzi kaDarwin 'Ijenali kunye namaNgxelo' nawo wakubona ukukhanya kwemini. Yayinjalo impumelelo yomsebenzi kaDarwin kangangokuba umqulu wesithathu ‘weJenali kunye namaNgxelo’ wapapashwa njengencwadi eyahlukileyo. Kwincwadi yakhe, uphakamise umbuzo obalulekileyo. Wabuza iingcali ngendalo malunga neenkolelo zazo malunga nokuba izinto eziphilayo zabakho njani. Ngelixa ezinye izazi zendalo zazikholelwa ukuba oluhlobo lwalukho kwasekuqaleni, abanye bathi bavela kwimbali yendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamnye kubo wayekholelwa ukuba iintlobo ’zihlala zinjalo kulo lonke. UDarwin waziphikisa ezi ngcamango zezendalo ngokuthi kukho ukufana phakathi kwezidalwa emhlabeni wonke, ukwahluka kungenxa yeendawo zazo ezahlukileyo. Wenza uluvo lokuba iintlobo zavela ngookhokho abaqhelekileyo. Watsho ukuba iintlobo ziphila ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba 'kukhetho lwendalo.' Ngo-1858, emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini yophando lwenzululwazi, wazisa inguquko yakhe 'yenguqulelo yendaleko.' Ikwayileyo eyapapashwa njenge 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection' ngoNovemba 24, 1859. Le ncwadi yayinempikiswano njengoko yayisitsho ukuba i-homo-sapiens yayilolunye uhlobo lwezilwanyana.
Izicatshulwa: Ubomi,Ixesha Ababhali baseBritane Ababhali baka-Aquarius Iingcali zebhayoloji yamadoda Imisebenzi emikhulu ‘Ithiyori yokuzivelela kwezinto’ kaDarwin yatshintsha indlela ihlabathi elalijonga ngayo ukudalwa kobomi. Kude kube lelo xesha, eyona nto yayikukucinga kukuba zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo zabakho ekuqaleni kwehlabathi, okanye zadalwa kwimbali yendalo. Kuzo zombini iimeko, bekukholelwa ukuba iintlobo zihlala zifana ngokufanayo. UDarwin, nangona kunjalo, waqaphela ukufana phakathi kweentlobo kwihlabathi liphela, kunye nokwahluka ngokusekwe kwiindawo ezithile. Oku kwamkhokelela ekubeni agqibe ekubeni ngokuthe ngcembe bavela kwizinyanya ezifanayo. Wakholelwa kwelokuba iintlobo zezilwanyana zisinda ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba 'kukhetho lwendalo' apho iintlobo ezizilungiselele ngempumelelo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zendawo yazo yendalo zisindile, ngelixa ezo zingaphumelelanga ukuvela kunye nokuzala ziswelekile.Izazinzulu zaseBritani Iingcali zebhayiloji yaseBritane Inzululwazi yaseBritane Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Wabopha iqhina lomtshato kunye noEmma Darwin ngonyaka we-1838. Esi sibini sasikelelwa ngabantwana abalishumi kubo ababini basweleka beselusana. Intombi yakhe ayithandayo uAnnie wasweleka eneminyaka elishumi. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana bakhe baqhubeka banemisebenzi ebalaseleyo. Wayekhathazwa yimpilo ubomi bakhe bonke, nto leyo eyamenza wangakwazi ukusebenza. Ngo-1882, wafunyaniswa ukuba une-angina pectoris eyabangela ukuba i-coronary thrombosis kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Usweleke ngo-Epreli 19, 1882, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yi-angina kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo. Nangona umzimba wakhe wawuza kungcwatyelwa kwicawa yase-St Mary e-Downe, isicelo sikawonke-wonke kunye nepalamente sikhokelele ekubeni umzimba wakhe ungcwatyelwe eWestminster Abbey, kufutshane namangcwaba kaJohn Herschel kunye no-Isaac Newton. 
Izicatshulwa: Akunakuze,Ngaba IBritish Geologists Iipaleontologists zaseBritane Ababhali baseBritane abangaQhelekanga Inqaku Wayengowokuqala ukumisela ingcamango yokuba zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana zavela kookhokho abaqhelekileyo nokuba isebe eliye lazivelela ngenxa yenkqubo awayeyibiza ngokuba 'kukhetho lwendalo.'
