Usuku lokuzalwa: Nge-22 ka-Agasti , Ngo-1862
Wafa eneminyaka: 55
Umqondiso welanga: Leo
Uzalwe e:E-Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Idume njenge:Umqambi
Abaqambi Amadoda amaFrentshi
Usapho:utata:UManuel-Achille Debussy
umama:UVictorine Manoury Debussy
abantwana:UClaude-Emma Debussy
Usweleke kwi: Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesihlanu kuMatshi , Ngo-1918
indawo yokufa:EParis
Isixeko: E-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, eFrance
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:IParis Conservatory, iAkhademi yoBugcisa boBugcisa
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UKathie Lee Gifford UJean Michel Jarre UFrancis Poulenc UDjango ReinhardtWayengubani uClaude Debussy?
UClaude Debussy wayengumqambi oqaqambileyo waseFrance kunye nelinye lawona manqaku aphambili anxulunyaniswa nesizinda somculo we-impressionist kunye noMaurice Ravel. Igalelo lakhe elimangalisayo kubugcisa bomculo lamzuzela iwonga lokuba nguChevalier we-‘Legion of Honor ’ngo-1903. Wazityeshela kakhulu izakhiwo zemidlalo yesiqhelo kunye nobungqongqo kwaye waba nguvulindlela wokungena kwixesha langoku kumculo waseNtshona. Iimpawu zakhe zomculo ezi-echo zecandelo leemvakalelo ezingakhange zibhalwe ngaphezulu kwesinye isitshixo okanye isandi kwaye iziqulatho zakhe aziyiyo nayiphi na itempo okanye isingqisho esithile. Wayexhokonxwa kukuhamba komculo okukhoyo 'kwesimboli' kunye nokuqanjwa kwakhe kulunga kuhlobo lweprinta lomculo weklasikhi ngokufanayo naleyo yeentshukumo zobugcisa obubonwayo. Imisebenzi kaDebussy ibonakalisa okwenzekayo kunye nesiphithiphithi ebomini bakhe. Imicimbi yakhe emide engaphumelelanga nabafazi abaliqela yamgcina ephazamiseka amaxesha amaninzi, eboniswa kwimisebenzi yakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe emikhulu efana nohlaziyo 'Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune' kunye 'Pelléas et Mélisande' nabanye abaninzi babenempembelelo ehlala ihleli phantse kuwo wonke umqambi ophambili wenkulungwane yama-20.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Claude_Debussy_ca_1908,_foto_av_F%C3%A9lix_Nadar.jpg (UNadar [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Claude_Debussy_1900.jpeg (Otto (Otto Wegener, 1849-1924) [1] [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Claude_Debussy_1909.jpeg (Ipapashwe kwi-LIFE [Indawo yoluntu])UbugcisaQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiLeo Amadoda Indawo yokugcina izinto eParis Ngo-Okthobha u-1872, emva kokufunda noMadame Mauté unyaka omnye, uClaude Debussy waqinisekisa ukwamkelwa eParis Conservatoire. Ukuhlala apho iminyaka elishumi elinanye ezayo, waqala ngokufunda ipiyano kunye noAntoine Marmontel kathathu ngeveki. Kwangelo xesha, wajoyina iiklasi ze-solfeggio zika-Albert Lavignac. Ekuqaleni uClaude Debussy wayeziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ehlala eza emva kwexesha kwiiklasi zepiyano. Kodwa kungaphelanga unyaka, uMarmontel wakwazi ukumzisa phantsi kolawulo. Nge-13 kaJanuwari 1874, wabhala kwikhadi lengxelo yomfundi wakhe, Umntwana onomtsalane, ubunyani bokwenyani bomzobi; uya kuba yimvumi eyaziwayo; ikamva elihle. Ngomhla we-16 kuJanuwari ngo-1876, uDebussy wenza ukubonakala kwakhe esidlangalaleni, ehamba nomculi uLéontine Mendès kwikhonsathi, eyayiququzelelwe liqela lomzi mveliso wobhedu eChauny (Aisne). Kuya kufuneka ukuba enze igalelo elifanelekileyo kuba simfumana esiya kwikonsathi yesibini ngomhla we-18 Matshi kwindawo enye. NgoJuni 1876 wanikwa imbasa yokuqala kwisolfeggio. Nangona wayefumana intetho ebekekileyo kwiimviwo zepiyano, kwafuneka alinde de kube ngoJulayi 23, 1877 ukuze afumane imbasa yakhe yokuqala, ibhaso lesibini, kwipiyano. Emva koko nge-27 ka-Novemba ngo-1877, wangena kwiklasi yokuvumelana ka-ilemile Durand. Ngokubambelela kukaDurand ngoJuni 1879, wayenesiphiwo sokuvumelana, kodwa engakhathali kwaye ngenxa yoko amabhaso aqhubeka nokumbaleka. Ukanti, wahlala kwiincwadi ezilungileyo nootitshala bakhe. Kwakhona ngo-1879, uMarmontel wamnika indawo yokuhlala ehlobo kunye noMarguerite Wilson-Pelouze, owayemthanda kakhulu imibhalo kaFlaubert kunye noWagner. Ngelixa wayehlala naye eChâteau of Chenonceaux kwiLoire Valley, uDebussy oselula wagqiba kwelokuba abe ngumqambi kunokuba abe ngumdlali wepiyano, neyayingumnqweno wakhe kude kube lelo xesha. Ngokwemigaqo, umntu kwakufuneka afumane ibhaso lokuqala kwelinye leeklasi ezamkelwe ngokusemthethweni zethiyori ukuze angene kwiklasi yokubumba. Ngenxa yoko, ekubuyeni kwakhe kwi-Conservatoire, uDebussy wangena kwiiklasi zokuhamba no-Auguste Bazille ngo-Okthobha u-1879. Ekufumaneni kwakhe ibhaso lokuqala ngoJuni 1880, wangena kwiklasi ye-Ernest Guiraud ngoDisemba. Ngeli xesha ngoJulayi, uMarmontel wamkhusela kwakhona kwenye indawo ehlotyeni, ngeli xesha noMama. UNadezhda von Meck. Ngaye, watyelela iindawo ezinje ngeInterlaken, Arcachon, Nice, Genoa, Naples kunye neFlorence, yiyo loo nto enabisa umbono wakhe. Ngelixa wayeqhubeka nezifundo zakhe neenkosi ezahlukeneyo kwi-Conservatoire, uDebussy uqhubeke nokunxulumana kwakhe no-von Meck, ehamba naye esiya e-Russia ngo-1881 nango-1882. , awayethandana naye. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi
Izicatshulwa: Umculo Umsebenzi wokuqala Ngo-1884, uClaude Debussy waphumelela i-Prix de Rome ngengoma yakhe ethi 'L'enfant prodigue' kwi-libretto ngu-oudouard Guinan, efumana imali yokufunda kwi-Académie des Beaux-Arts. Ngokwemigaqo nemiqathango, wayefanele ukuhlala eVilla Médicis, iFrench Academy eseRoma, iminyaka emine. Wafudukela eRoma ngomhla wama-28 kuJanuwari ngo-1885. Ekuqaleni, wafumanisa ukuba imeko-bume eVilla Médicis yayisothusa ukuba angakwazi ukuyila. Ngexesha elingaphezulu, waqala ukwenza izihlobo kunye nokuqamba iziqwenga ezintsha. Waqala nokufunda umculo kaRichard Wagner, ngakumbi i-opera yakhe ethi 'Tristan und Isolde'. Kungekudala waba ngumthandi omkhulu womculo kaWagner; kodwa khange ndiyixabise imeko yakhe yokudlamka. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, waqhubeka nokubuyela eParis ngekhefu lokungabikho, ekugqibeleni washiya iRoma kwaphela nge-2 Matshi 1887. Ebuyela eParis, waqala ukuhlala kwikhaya labazali bakhe, onwabele umninawa wakhe, inkampani kaEmmanuel. Ukuqhubeka nokuqamba, uClaude Debussy wayetyelela rhoqo iivenkile ezinje nge-chez Pousset, chez Thommen kunye nekhefi iVachette, apho wayenokunxibelelana nezinye iimvumi. Uye watyelela phesheya etyelela iBayreuth, iRoma, iBrittany. Ukutyelela kwakhe kwi-Universelle ye-Exposition ngo-1889 kwamazisa kwiJavanese gamelan, iqela lomculo eliqulunqwe ngeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo, iigongs, i-xylophone kunye ne-metallophone, ngamanye amaxesha zikhatshwa ngamazwi. Emva kwexesha wayifaka kwisitayile sakhe esele sikhona ukuvelisa uhlobo olutsha lomculo. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ephambili ngeli xesha lokuqala yayiyi'Ariettes oubliées '(1888),' Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune '(Prelude to the Afternoon of Faun (1892),' String Quartet '(1893) ), 'La Damoiselle élue' (1893) .Le misebenzi, nangona yayiyimisebenzi yobugcisa, yayingavuthi ncam kunemisebenzi yakhe elandelayo. Imisebenzi yokuKhula Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1893, uDebussy wathenga ikopi yencwadi ethi ‘Pelléas et Mélisande’ waza waqalisa ukuyifunda ngenjongo yokwenza iopera kuyo. Nangona wawugqiba umsebenzi ngo-Agasti 1895 akazange awupapashe kwangoko, kodwa waqhubeka nokuphucula kuwo, ngaxeshanye epapasha eminye imisebenzi. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi ngoSeptemba 1895, uGeorges Hartmann, umshicileli owaziwayo womculo kunye nenkululeko, wanika uDebussy umvuzo wenyanga wama-Francs angama-500. Ngaphandle kwalonto, wanyanzelwa ukuba abuyele kwiminyhadala yeveki yomculo kaWagner, eyayibanjelwe esaluni kaMadame Godard-Decrais, ngoFebruwari 1896, ukuphucula nje imali yakhe. U-Hartmann wasweleka ngo-Epreli ka-1900 kwaye loo mali wayekwa. Ngo-Epreli 1901, wajoyina iRevue Blanche njengomgxeki womculo; kodwa wayinika kamva ngoDisemba. Kungenzeka ukuba wayesele ecwangcise ukuba enze 'uPelléas et Mélisande'. Ukuziqhelanisa no-'Pelléas et Mélisande 'kuqale nge-13 kaJanuwari, ngo-1902 ngo-Debussy ezizimasa nganye nganye. Okokugqibela nge-30 ka-Epreli 1902, yenziwa okokuqala ngqa, ukudala uvakalelo. Ubaleko lokuqala luye lwadlala kwimidlalo elishumi elinesine. Ngelixa wayesele eyimvumi eyaziwayo, impumelelo ka-'Pelléas et Mélisande 'yenza ukuba uDebussy adume kwihlabathi liphela. Kwiminyaka elishumi eyalandelayo, wayehlala ehamba phambili kwezomculo wase-France, evelisa ubugcisa obunje nge 'La Mer' (uLwandle), iokhestra kunye 'neMifanekiso' yepiyano ngo-1905. Kwakhona ngo-1905, wapapasha i 'Suite bergamasque'. Ekuqaleni kwabhalwa ngo-1890 eneminyaka engama-28, wayenayo ukuba ihlaziywe ngokubanzi ngaphambi kokupapashwa kwayo. Inamalungu amane, 'i-Prélude', 'iMenuet', 'iClair de lune' kunye ne 'Passepied'. Namhlanje, 'uClair de lune' uthathwa njengelinye lamaqhekeza akhe awaziwayo. Ukuqhubeka nokubhala, wapapasha eminye imisebenzi yobugcisa emibini ngo-1908; 'Ibéria' yeokhestra kunye ne 'Children's Corner Suite' yepiyano yodwa. Ngelishwa ukusukela kunyaka olandelayo, impilo yakhe yaqala ukonakala, ibonisa uphawu lokuqala lomhlaza. Ngaphandle kokugula, uqhubeke nokusebenza, eqamba iziqwenga kwaye enika amakhonsathi kude kube sekupheleni kuka-1917. Umsebenzi wakhe wokugqibela omkhulu, 'Sonate pour violon et piano, L. 140', ogqitywe ngo-Epreli 1917, uphawuleka ngobufutshane. Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo uhlala malunga nemizuzu eli-13. 
Izicatshulwa: Njengo Imisebenzi emikhulu UClaude Debussy mhlawumbi ukhunjulwa kakhulu nge-opera yakhe yedwa, 'uPelléas et Mélisande'. Icatshulwe kumdlalo we Symbolist kaMaurice Maeterlinck onegama elifanayo, ihlala ithelekiswa neBetven's 'Fidelio'. Inkulumbuso eOpéra-Comique eParis ngomhla wama-30 ku-Epreli ngo-1902, ngoku ithathwa njengendawo ephawulekayo kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Qhubeka nokuFunda ngezantsi kweDebussy ikhunjulwa ngokulinganayo nge 'Clair de Lune', intshukumo yesithathu ye 'Suite bergamasque'. Kubhalwe kwi-D Minor, ngumfanekiso wepiyano wombongo kaPaul Verlaine onegama elifanayo. Ezinye izinto ezimbini ezingapheliyo aza kukhunjulwa ngonaphakade 'Prelude à L'après-midi d'un faune', umbongo we symphonic weokhestra emalunga nemizuzu eli-10 ubude kunye 'neLa Mer', umfanekiso otyebileyo nobonakalisayo wobukumkani. kwamanzi. Amabhaso kunye neMpumelelo Nge-23 ka-Epreli 1893, uDebussy wonyulwa njengelungu leKomiti yeSociété nationale de musique. Ngo-1894 wajoyina iSociété des auteurs (SACEM). NgoJanuwari 1903, uDebussy wenziwa iChevalier de la Légion d'honneur. Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, wenziwa umcebisi kwibhodi ye-Conservatoire. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Ngaphandle kwemitshato yakhe emibini, uClaude Debussy wayenonxibelelwano oluninzi. Uthando lwakhe lokuqala yayinguMarie-Blanche Vasnier, umfazi womsebenzi waseburhulumenteni waseParis uHenri Vasnier. Umcimbi, owaqala xa wayeneminyaka eyi-18, waphela xa wafudukela eRoma. Kule minyaka isibhozo, wambhalela amanqaku amaninzi. Ukubuya kwakhe eRoma, waqala ukuthandana noGabrielle (Gaby) Dupon, intombi yomthungi. Ekugqibeleni, bamisa ikhaya labo e-42, eRue de Londres ngoJuni ka-1891. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala waqala umcimbi wokuhlala ixesha elifutshane kunye nemvumi u-Thérèse Roger, ebuyela eDupon ekupheleni kwawo. Washiya iDupon ngasekupheleni kuka-1898 eyoqala ubudlelwane noMarie-Rosalie Texier, okwabizwa ngokuba nguLilly, ngo-Epreli 1899. Ekugqibeleni, batshata nge-19 ka-Okthobha ngo-1899; kodwa kwakamsinya, waziva ahlukanisiwe naye ngenkangeleko yakhe yobudala ngaphambi kwexesha, ukunqongophala kwemvakalelo yomculo kunye nokusilela kwengqondo. NgoJuni 1904, ngelixa wayetshate noLilly, uDebussy wadibana noEmma Bardac, umama womnye wabafundi bakhe. Wayenobunkunkqele, enencoko elungileyo kwaye eyimvumi ephumeleleyo. Ngokukhawuleza bobabini baqala ukuthandana, bahamba kunye baya eJersey naseLondon. Ekugqibeleni, waqhawula umtshato noLily ngo-Agasti 2, 1905 kwaye wamisa ikhaya lakhe no-Emma eParis. Intombi yabo, uClaude-Emma, awathi wambiza ngokuba nguChouchou, wazalwa ngaphandle komtshato ngomhla wama-20 kuDisemba ka-1905. Ukuqhubeka nokuhlala kunye uDebussy noEmma batshata ngomhla wama-20 kuJanuwari ngo-1908. umhlaza womqala. Ngaphandle kwalonto, uqhubekile nokusebenza, ehambisa ikonsathi zakhe ezimbini zokugqibela nge-11 nange-14 kweyoMsintsi ngo-1917. Nangona waqeshwa ngoDisemba, ngo-1915, ikhefu lalilixeshana. Usweleke nge-25 ka-Matshi ngo-1918 phakathi kwembumbulu yamaJamani. Ngenxa yemeko yemfazwe, waqala wangcwatywa emangcwabeni ePère Lachaise. Kodwa ngokomnqweno wakhe, isidumbu sakhe saphinda sabuyiselwa kumangcwaba ePassy ngonyaka ka1919. Njengomnye wabaqambi ababalaseleyo benkulungwane yama-20, imisebenzi yakhe yaba nefuthe kubo bonke abaqambi ababezayo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngo-1997, waboniswa kwinqaku le-20 yeFranc.
