Wazalwa:90
Wafa eneminyaka: 78
Uzalwe e:Jiphethe
Idume njenge:Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi, uMzobi weCartographer kunye neMathematika
Iingcaphuno zikaClaudius Ptolemy IJografi
Usweleke kwi:168
indawo yokufa:IAlexandria, iYiputa
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi
Kuyacetyiswa Wena
IHypatia Inge Lehmann UGalileo Galilei UFeliks UmKristu ...
Wayengubani uClaudius Ptolemy?
UClaudius Ptolemy wayesisazi sezibalo esingumGrike kunye nomYiputa, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nombhali. Wayehlala e-Aleksandriya kwiphondo laseRoma lase-Egypt ngekhulu le-2 kwaye wabhala iincwadi ezininzi zesayensi, ezintathu zazo zazibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwe-Byzantine, Islamic kunye ne-European science kwiinkulungwane ezizayo. Enye yeendlela zakhe malunga nejografi, eyathi yanika ingxoxo ebanzi yolwazi lwehlabathi lamaGrike namaRoma, yasetyenziswa ngumhloli wamazwe wase-Itali uChristopher Columbus njengemephu yendlela yakhe eya ngasentshona eya eAsia kwiinkulungwane ezininzi kamva. Akukho nto ingako yaziwayo ngoPtolemy ngaphandle nje kokuba wayehlala eAlexandria, ebhala ngesiKoine Greek, kwaye enelungelo lokuba ngummi waseRoma. Nokuba yeyiphi na inyani ethembekileyo ababhali bembali bayazi ngaye kuye kwagqitywa kwimisebenzi yokusinda yombhali. Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi esidumileyo sexesha lakhe, wabhala isicatshulwa seminal 'iAlmagest' eyisiqulatho sentshukumo ebonakalayo yeenkwenkwezi kunye neendlela zeplanethi. Isicatshulwa esinefuthe kakhulu kwezesayensi, imodeli yayo yokuma komhlaba yamkelwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-1200 ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo. Kwesinye isicatshulwa seenkwenkwezi wachaza into eyaziwa ngokuba yiPtolemaic system. Nangona ubukrelekrele bakhe bamkelwe ngokubanzi, abaphengululi kwiinkulungwane zamva nje baye bathandabuza ezinye zezinto azibonileyo ngeenkwenkwezi.
Ityala lemifanekiso http://carra-lucia-books.co.uk/2014/04/27/claudius-ptolemy/ 
Ityala lemifanekiso http://fineartamerica.com/featured/7-claudius-ptolemy-greek-roman-polymath-science-source.htmlIingqondi zamandulo zamaRoma kunye neziFundo Iminyaka kamva UClaudius Ptolemy wakhula waba yingcali yezibalo, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi, nombhali. UPtolemy wayengumbhali wezinto ezininzi zenzululwazi, kwaye ulandelelwano lokuqanjwa kwabo luye lwacaciswa ukusuka kwimihla ekhankanyiweyo kwimisebenzi yakhe yokuphila. Owona msebenzi wakhe mkhulu wakudala yayingumbhalo weenkwenkwezi ngoku owaziwa ngokuba yi ‘Almagest’, nangona ekuqaleni wawubizwa ngokuba yi ‘Mathematical Treatise.’ Wagqitywa malunga ne-150 AD. Umsebenzi weseminal unamacandelo ali-13, ngalinye linomxholo obalulekileyo. I-'Almagest 'yayingumbhalo obanzi oqulathe isishwankathelo se-cosmology ka-Aristotle, ubude bonyaka, intshukumo yeLanga, intshukumo yeNyanga, inyanga yenyanga Parallax, intshukumo yenyanga, kunye neenkwenkwezi kunye neeplanethi, phakathi kwezinye iindawo ezifanelekileyo zeenkwenkwezi. Ukuzoba iimodeli zakhe, uPtolemy wamkela imodeli yelanga kaHipparchus, eyayine-eccentric deferent elula. Wayezuze njengelifa kwibhokisi yezixhobo zejometri kunye neseti yeemodeli zokuqikelela ukuba iiplanethi ziya kuvela nini esibhakabhakeni. Ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ingakanani 'iAlmagest' yoqobo. Nangona ibingumbhalo ophambili wesayensi, abanye abaphengululi kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo baye bathandabuza ubunyani bayo kwaye bakuthandabuza ukuthembeka kukaPtolemy njengombukeli wezinto zasezulwini. Wabhala ingxelo ebalulekileyo malunga nejografi, ebizwa ngokuba yi ‘Geographia’ okanye ‘iCosmographia’, incwadi yezobugcisa kwimephu yeemaphu, ehlanganisa ulwazi lwejografi yoBukhosi baseRoma benkulungwane yesi-2. Ngalo msebenzi, wayethembele kwimisebenzi yangaphambili yejografi yangaphambili, Marinos waseTire, nakwigazethi yoBukhosi baseRoma nabasePersi bamandulo. Wacaphula nesazi ngeenkwenkwezi samandulo uHipparchus kulo mbhalo. Uyile iindlela eziphuculweyo zokwenza iimephu kwaye wabelana ngeendlela zakhe zokuzoba imephu kwimisebenzi yakhe. Wayezazi iindlela ezimbini zokuzoba igridi yemigca kwimephu ethe tyaba ukumela isangqa sobude nobude emhlabeni kwaye warekhoda ubude kunye nobubanzi ngeedigri malunga neendawo ezingama-8,000 kwimephu yakhe yehlabathi. Wayekwangumvumisi ngeenkwenkwezi owayekholelwa ukuba ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi sisayensi esisemthethweni, nangona kunjalo. Ukuvumisa kwakhe ngeenkwenkwezi kwakusebenziseka; wayecinga ukuba ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kuluncedo kwezinye iimeko, kodwa akufuneki kuthenjelwe kuye ngokupheleleyo. Wabhala isicatshulwa kwifilosofi nakwindlela yokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Tetrabiblos 'eyathathwa njengombhalo onegunya ngalo mbandela kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Isicatshulwa sinikwa ukuba sibeke phantsi imigaqo esisiseko yeRenaissance ngeenkwenkwezi kwaye yenziwa yinxalenye yekharityhulamu kwiiyunivesithi ngexesha loKuvuselela. Esi sivumelwano sikwachazwa 'njengowona mthombo wawunempembelelo kumaxesha aphakathi amaSilamsi.' Qhubeka nokuFunda ngezantsi kukaPtolemy naye wayenomdla omkhulu emculweni kwaye wabhala umsebenzi 'iHarmonics', kwithiyori yomculo nakwimathematics yomculo. Uphikise ngokusekwa komculo phakathi kweemathematika kwaye wabhala malunga nokuba amanqaku omculo anokuguqulelwa njani kwimathematika yokulinganisa nakwelinye icala. Unyango ngokukhanya naye wabizwa kuye. Ubhale malunga neempawu zokukhanya, kubandakanya ukubonakalisa, ukubuyisela, kunye nombala kulo msebenzi owenza indawo ebalulekileyo kwimbali yokuqala yokukhanya. 
Izicatshulwa: Umphefumlo Imisebenzi emikhulu UPtolemy ‘Almagest’ yenye yezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo zenzululwazi ngalo lonke ixesha. Ingumthombo obalulekileyo wolwazi ngeenkwenkwezi zakudala zamaGrike kunye nemodeli yayo yokuma komhlaba eyamkelweyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-1200 ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo. Yaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Umsebenzi wakhe 'weGeographia' yayingumxholo ophathelene nemephu apho wayenikezela ngobubanzi kunye nolungelelwaniso lwendawo ezininzi kunye neempawu zejografi emhlabeni. Uye waphucula neendlela zokwenza iimephu. Wabhala i-'Tetrabiblos ', isicatshulwa kwifilosofi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi apho wanika khona uphando ngeziphumo zemijikelo yeenkwenkwezi kwimicimbi yasemhlabeni. Kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, lo mbhalo unempembelelo wakhutshelwa, wafinyezwa, waza waguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Kukho imithombo embalwa ethembekileyo yolwazi ngobomi bukaClaudius Ptolemy. Into eyaziwayo ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba wayehlala e-Alexandria kwaye wasweleka malunga ne-170 AD. Umngxunya uPtolemaeus on Mars wabizwa ngegama lakhe, njengoko kunjalo nange-asteroid 4001 Ptolemaeus. Ilitye likaPtolemy elisetyenziswe kwizifundo zezibalo kuzo zombini iikhampasi zaseSt. 
