Wazalwa:460 BC
Wafa eneminyaka: 90
Uzalwe e:I-Abdera, eGrisi
Idume njenge:Isithandi sobulumko
Kwiingcaphuno zeDemocritus Izithandi zobulumko
Usapho:
abantakwenu:IDamasko,UHerodotus UNikos Kazantzakis Anaximander UDiogenes weSinope
Wayengubani uDemocritus?
UDemocritus wayengumfilosofi waseGrisi waseMandulo owaziwayo ohlonishwa ngabaphengululi abaninzi beengcali kunye nabaphengululi ngokuqulunqa eyona nto ichanekileyo ye-athomu yokuqala yendalo yonke. Esinye sezithandi zobulumko ezaziwayo zangaphambi kweSokrasi, waphenjelelwa nguLeucippus waseMileto kwaye wayecebise ngezimvo eziguqukayo ezaziphikisana nezo zefilosofi zeSocrate ezinjengoPlato noAristotle. Eyona nto yayimenza ahluke kubantu bexesha lakhe yayikukuba wayetyelele amazwe amaninzi akude ngexesha lobomi bakhe bokuqala kwaye wabelana ngezimvo kunye nabaphengululi kwihlabathi liphela, elinokuchaza ukuqonda kwakhe, ubuntu kunye nothando lwenkululeko. Ubuninzi bomsebenzi wakhe ulahlekile okanye ufumaneke njengamaqhekeza kuphela, ngenxa yokuba ubungakanani bolwazi olungenakuze lwaziwe. Ngesizathu esinye, kuhlala kunzima ukwahlula umsebenzi wakhe kuleyo yomcebisi wakhe uLeucippus, obukho bakhe buphikayo nguEpicurus, indlalifa yentanda-bulumko yeDemocritus. Nangona kunjalo, ifilosofi kunye neemfundiso awazigubungelayo zinokulandelwa ngeendlela ezininzi zemisebenzi yakhe ngabaphengululi abaninzi kamva, ekhomba kwinto yokuba wabhala ngaphezulu kweencwadi ezingamashumi asixhenxe kwifilosofi yendalo. Ngokusekwe kukuchaneka kwezininzi zeengcamango zakhe, uninzi lumthatha 'njengoyise wesayensi yanamhlanje'.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://ericgerlach.com/greekphilosophy8/ 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Democritus 
Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.famousphilosophers.org/democritus/Indalo,UmntuQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Inzala kwiFilosofi yendalo UDemocritus ekugqibeleni wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe, u-Abdera, emva kokuba ubutyebi bakhe buphelile, emva koko wamngenisa umntakwabo u-Damosis. Ukuthintela umthetho ka-Abdera owohlwaya abo babedlala ngelifa labo ngokubabamba amasiko okungcwaba, waqala wanika iintetho zoluntu ukufumana ukuthandwa ngabantu. Ngolwazi olunzulu ngeziganeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo, wakwazi ukuqikelela ngempumelelo iziganeko ezinje ngokutshintsha kwemozulu, ezamenza waduma phakathi kwabemi balapha. Ngelixa wayehlonitshwa kakhulu ngabantu abaqhelekileyo, waye wakuphepha ukuzibandakanya kwimicimbi yoluntu kwaye wakhokelela kubomi obulula kakhulu kunye nokuthozama obuzinikele kwizifundo zakhe. Wayenoburharha obukhulu, awathi wabizwa ngokuba yi-'Sigcina-bulumko esihlekisayo '. Wafumana igama lesidlaliso esithi 'uMgculeli' kwabanye abantu ngokubanakho ukuhleka abantu. 
Imfundiso yeAtomist Kukholeleka kakhulu ukuba wayisa ngaphambili ingcamango ka-Leucippus owayengaphambi kwakhe ye-atomism yokuba yonke into yenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingabonakaliyo, ezingapheliyo nezingenakohlukaniswa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-atom. Nangona kunjalo, njengokuba ubunyani bembali kaLeucippus bungaqinisekanga, uninzi lwentengo yemali yeDemocritus njengomsunguli walethiyori. Iiatomists zazinomdla ngakumbi kwizixhobo kunye noomatshini oonobangela besiganeko, bebuza ukuba yintoni ebangele ukwenzeka komsitho. Ngokwenza njalo, bahluke ngokupheleleyo kwezinye izithandi zobulumko zamaGrike ezinjengoAristotle okanye uPlato owayefuna ukucacisa injongo yomsitho. Ngokutsho kwakhe, i-athomu yinto eqinileyo engenanto edibana nezinye ii-athomu, ngokudibanisa izinto ezinxibelelene neeathom ezizodwa njengezincamathiselo. Ngokudibana nomfundi wakhe u-Epicurus, waphinda wachaza ubume kunye nobukhulu bee-athomu, esithi izinto ezahlukeneyo zinee-atom ezimile ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye wagcina ukuba iiathom zihlala zihamba. Xa ithelekiswa nezinye iithiyori ezixhaphakileyo zelo xesha, ithiyori yeatom isondela ngokumangalisayo ngokufanayo kunye neekhonsepthi zale mihla zesayensi, nangona ifana kakhulu nengcinga yale mihla 'yeemolekyuli' kunee 'atom'. Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokuba isekwe kubungqina obunamandla, yavela ekuqwalaseleni ukuba yonke into ekugqibeleni iyabola kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iphinda yenziwe, kufuneka kubekho izinto ezingabonakaliyo zokwakha ezingaze zibole. Elona candelo liphambili le-atomistic hypothesis kukuba kufuneka kubekho isixa esibonakalayo sendawo engenanto phakathi kweeathom, ezibizwa ngokuba 'yinto engekhoyo', eyenza ukushukuma okungapheliyo kweeathom kunokwenzeka. Isithuba siyimfuneko ukucacisa ubukho bolwelo kunye negesi, enokuhamba kwaye itshintshe imilo, kunye nenyani yokuba isinyithi sinokubumba nakweyiphi na imeko ngaphandle kokuphulukana nepropathi. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi kokuqonda kwakhe kwendalo iphela yayikukuba iiathom zazikho kwimeko yesiphithiphithi ngaphambi kokungqubana enye nenye ukwenza imizimba emikhulu njengokubona kwethu. Uye wabona ukuba kukho amazwe amaninzi ahlala ekhula okanye ebola, kwaye anokutshatyalaliswa kungqubano phakathi kwamazwe amabini anjalo. Sebenza kwezinye iiNgqeqesho UDemocritus ukwatyhilwa ngokuseka isifundo se-aesthetics ngenxa yemibhalo yakhe yethiyori kwimibongo kunye nobugcisa obuhle ngaphambi kwabafundi abanjengoAristotle. Ngokuka-Thrasyllus, ubuncinci kwimisebenzi yakhe emithandathu yayimalunga ne-aesthetics njengoqeqesho, kodwa uninzi lwazo luhlala luneziqwenga, ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweengcinga zakhe ngesihloko zingaziwa. Uninzi lwabaphengululi bokuqala babhekisa kwimisebenzi yakhe kwimathematics, kubandakanya 'KwiNumeri', 'KwiGeometric', 'KwiTangencies', nakwi 'On Irrationals', ekhomba kwinto yokuba wayenguvulindlela kwimathematics nakwijometri. Uyaziwa ngokujonga ukuba ikhowuni okanye iphiramidi inesinye kwisithathu umthamo wesilinda okanye iprism ngokulandelelana ngesiseko kunye nokuphakama okufanayo. Ekugqibeleni wavelisa ulwazi oluninzi ngamayeza, izityalo, kunye neeminerali ngokuzilolonga kwimizimba yendalo, kwaye wabhala phantsi iziphumo zakhe kwiincwadi ezininzi. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ebikhankanywe ngabanye abaphengululi ibandakanya 'Kwimeko yoMntu', 'Enyameni', 'KwiiNzwa', 'Oonobangela abachaphazelekayo kwiMbewu kunye nezityalo kunye neziqhamo', kunye 'noNobangela ochaphazela izilwanyana'. Ucacise abantu bokuqala ukuba bafana nezilwanyana, besilela kulwimi nakweyiphi na imbono yoluntu. Ngokutsho kwakhe, emva kokunyanzelwa ukuba benze amaqela ukuze bagxothe amarhamncwa, bakhulisa ulwimi kwaye bafunda ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ngokuzama kunye neempazamo. 
Ukuqonda koLwazi, i-Ethics kunye nezoPolitiko Ngokusekwe kwinto yokuba ukuqonda ngokusebenzisa izivamvo kuyenzeka, iDemocritus yahlula iintlobo ezimbini zolwazi lwenyaniso: 'esemthethweni' kunye 'nebastard'. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umbono wolwazi ngeemvakalelo awonelanga, kwaye ke 'ngumgqakhwe', ngelixa uhlobo lolwazi olufunyenwe ngengqondo lulwazi 'olusemthethweni'. Malunga nezimvo zakhe malunga nokuziphatha kunye nezopolitiko, kuyaziwa ukuba wayexhasa umbono wakudala wamaGrike wentando yesininzi, esithi abanamandla kufuneka bancede amahlwempu kwaye babaphathe ngemfesane. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umbono wakhe wokulingana wawungabandakanyi abasetyhini okanye amakhoboka, nangona wayesithi inkululeko ikhetha ubukhoboka. Ngelixa engazange ayigxeke injongo yokwenza imali, wayechasene nokuziqwebela imali yenzala yakhe, kwaye ebacekisile abo bafumana imali ngendlela engenambeko. Wayechasene nobundlobongela, kodwa wabona imfazwe okanye ukwenziwa kwesikrelemnqa okanye utshaba njengoko kufanelekile. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Ngokutsho kwakhe, ukulunga kwakufuneka ukuziqhelanisa kunye nokuziphatha, kwaye kwakungeyomfuneko ukuba umntu azalwe engenabuntu. Wayekholelwa kwelokuba umntu aneliswe zizinto anazo, kwaye umona uya kulithoba ilizwe njengoko uluntu lunokuqhubela phambili luphela. Imisebenzi emikhulu Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umsebenzi omninzi weDemokhrasi uphila kuphela ngokucaphula kwabafundi kamva, kuyaziwa ukuba ufumene ulwazi olubanzi ngolungelelwaniso lwezinto. Uyahlonitshwa ngabaphengululi abaninzi benkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngokunjalo nangeengcinga zakhe zokuqhekeka ezazikhululekile kwiziphene ezininzi ezazikho ngelo xesha kwifilosofi yamaGrike. Owona msebenzi wakhe ubalulekileyo ukwithi kwithiyori ye-atomism eyasungula iiathom ezincinci ezingabonakaliyo nezingabonakaliyo njengeebhloko zokwakha zonke izinto zendalo. Abaphengululi abaninzi abanjengombhali-mbali waseBritane uBertrand Russell bancoma izimvo zakhe ngokusondela ngokuphawulekayo kuleyo yenzululwazi yanamhlanje. Ngaphandle kwengcamango yakhe yee-athomu, imbono yakhe ye-cosmology iye yanconywa ngabaphengululi bamva ngokuchaneka kwayo. UKarl R. Popper wayincoma intanda-bulumko yakhe yokuzivelela kwabantu njengezilwanyana zentlalo, ezazithi iilwimi, amasiko kunye nemithetho ngamaziko enziwe ngabantu. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa UDemocritus wayehlala engatshatanga ubomi bakhe bonke, ezinikezela kufundisiso lweemfundiso ezahlukeneyo zefilosofi. Kuthiwa waphila iminyaka engaphaya kwekhulu ngemithombo ethile, nangona ngokuka Diodorus Siculus, wasweleka eneminyaka engama-90, malunga nama-370 BC. UDemocritus wayehlala engatshatanga ubomi bakhe bonke, ezinikezela kufundisiso lweemfundiso ezahlukeneyo zefilosofi. Kuthiwa waphila iminyaka engaphaya kwekhulu ngemithombo ethile, nangona ngokuka Diodorus Siculus, wasweleka eneminyaka engama-90, malunga nama-370 BC. Ngelixa bekukho ukuvuselelwa komdla emsebenzini wakhe ngabaphengululi benkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngenxa yeengcinga zakhe ezichanekileyo zeeathom, wayehlonitshwa nangabantu abaninzi bexesha lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, uPlato, esinye sezithandi zobulumko zamandulo zamaGrike, kuthiwa wayemthiye kakhulu kangangokuba wanqwenela ukuba zitshiswe zonke iincwadi zakhe. Ngelixa bekukho ukuvuselelwa komdla emsebenzini wakhe ngabaphengululi benkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngenxa yeengcinga zakhe ezichanekileyo zeeathom, wayehlonitshwa nangabantu abaninzi bexesha lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, uPlato, esinye sezithandi zobulumko zamandulo zamaGrike, kuthiwa wayemthiye kakhulu kangangokuba wanqwenela ukuba zitshiswe zonke iincwadi zakhe. Inqaku Phakathi kwamabali asasazwa ngaye, omnye wakhankanya ukuba wazimfamekisa ngeglasi evuthayo ukunqanda ukuphazamiseka kwimisebenzi yakhe kunye nokuqonda amandla akhe engqondo. Ngelixa abanye bevuma ukuba wayenokubona ngamehlo ekwaluphaleni, ibali ngokubanzi liyachaswa ngenxa yokukwazi kwakhe ukubhala iincwadi, ukwenza uvavanyo kunye nokusasaza izilwanyana ebomini bakhe bonke.
