Usuku lokuzalwa: Nge-22 kaDisemba ,244
Wafa eneminyaka: 66
Umqondiso welanga: Capricorn
Kwaziwa njenge:Diocles
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Ubukhosi baseRoma
Uzalwe e:ISalona (ngoku eyiSolin, eCroatia)
Idume njenge:Umlawuli waseRoma
Abalawuli kunye neeKumkani Amadoda amaRoma amandulo
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:Prisca
Usweleke kwi: Nge-3 kaDisemba ,311
indawo yokufa:Umehlulelwano
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
EyeThupha UPius U-Elagabalus ndiyaphambanaWayengubani uDiocletian?
UDiocletian wayengumlawuli waseRoma owayelawula uBukhosi baseRoma ukusuka ngo-284 ukuya ku-305 CE. Ulawulo lwakhe lwadlala indima enkulu ekubumbeni imbali yoBukhosi baseRoma nanjengoko lwaluzisa isiphelo ‘Kwingxaki Yenkulungwane Yesithathu’ eyaphantse yabangela ukuwa koBukhosi baseRoma. Ngo-286, uDiocletian wonyula uMaximian njenge co-emperor wakhe ukuba alawule amaphondo asentshona obu bukhosi. Ngo-293, wonyula uGalerius noConstantius Chlorus njengabalawuli abancinci ukuba basebenze phantsi kwakhe noMaximian ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokudibeneyo, benza i-tetrarchy njengoko umlawuli ngamnye elawula ikota enye yobukumkani. Ngexesha lolawulo lukaDiocletian, uBukhosi baseRoma babona ukusekwa koyena rhulumente ubalaseleyo. Uye kamva wandisa ezomkhosi kwaye wahlengahlengisa izahlulo zephondo zobukumkani. Uye waseka amaziko amatsha olawulo kwiindawo ezinje ngeMediolanum, iTrevorum, iSirmium, neNicomedia ezazisondele kwimida yobukhosi. Uhlengahlengiso lwakhe lwatshintsha ubume kwaye bazinzisa uBukhosi baseRoma obabugcina ubukumkani bungagungqi kwiminyaka eyi-150 elandelayo. Ngo-305, uDiocletian wehla esikhundleni ngokuzithandela, waba ngumlawuli wokuqala waseRoma ukwenza njalo. Uchithe iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela kwibhotwe lakhe, ejonge kwizitiya zakhe zemifuno.
Ityala lemifanekiso http://earlyworldhistory.blogspot.com/2012/04/emperor-diocletian.html Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala UDiocletian wazalelwa iDiocles ngoDisemba 22, 244, kufutshane naseSalona, eDalmatia (namhlanje eyiCroatia). Ngokutsho kombhali-mbali wamandulo waseRoma ogama linguFlavius Eutropius, uninzi lwababhali bachaza iDiocles ‘njengendodana yombhali.’ Ezinye iingxelo zithi utata wakhe wayekhululekile phantsi kwesenethi egama linguAnulinus. UDiocletian wajoyina umkhosi kwaye wazama ukunyuka kwileli. Waba ngumthetheli womkhosi ophambili wamahashe wase-Emperor Carus. Indima yakhe njengomphathi wamahashe waseRoma kwamkhokelela ekubeni abe yinxalenye yephulo likaCarus ’umPersi ngonyaka wama-283. UCarus wasweleka phantsi kweemeko ezingaqondakaliyo ngexesha lakhe lokulwa iPersi. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, oonyana bakhe uNumerian noCarinus bathatha amandla kumaphondo asempuma nasentshona ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngo-Novemba ngo-284, uNumerian wafunyanwa sele eswelekile ngamajoni. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, umphathi-mkhosi ogama linguAper wazama ukufumana inkxaso kwiinjengele nooceba ukuze babambe igunya. Nangona kunjalo, uDiocletian wanyulwa ngamxhelo mnye njengomlawuli wamaphondo asempuma. Nge-20 kaNovemba, 284, umkhosi wahlanganisana ngaseNicomedia apho uDiocletian waphakamisa ikrele lakhe wafunga ukuphindezela ukufa kukaNumerian. Wambulala u-Aper phambi komkhosi, esithi u-Aper ubulele uNumerian. Emva kokungena kwakhe, uDiocletian wangena kwimpikiswano noCarinus. Impixano phakathi kukaDiocletian noCarinus yafikelela esiphelweni xa imikhosi yabo yahlangana kuMlambo iMargus. ‘Kwidabi laseMargus,’ uCarinus wabulawa ngamadoda akhe njengoko wayengathandwa phakathi kwamadoda akhe kwasekuqaleni. Emva kokubhubha kukaCarinus, imikhosi yamaphondo asempuma nasentshona yamdumisa uDiocletian njengomlawuli. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Umthetho kunye noHlaziyo Kungekudala emva kokuphela komlawuli woBukhosi baseRoma, uDiocletian wonyula igosa elalisebenza naye ukuba abe ngumlawuli-mbuso. Ukwabiwa kwamandla phakathi kwababini okanye nangaphezulu kwakungeyonto intsha kubukhosi baseRoma ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Ngo-293, uMaximian wanika uCesareanti Chlorus isikhundla sikaKesare (umlawuli omncinci). Kwakuloo nyaka, uDiocletian wonyula uGalerius njengokhokhisa wamaphondo asempuma. Ngokuqeshwa kukaGalerius noConstantius, kwasekwa iitraki yokwahlula ubukhosi ngokolawulo. Ngelixa uGalerius wabelwa iSyria, iPalestine, kunye ne-Egypt, uConstantius wabelwa i-Bhritane kunye neGaul. Iphulo eliyimpumelelo likaDiocletian nxamnye namaSarmatiya ngowama-294 lagcina amaSarmatiya engena kumaphondo eDanube. Kwakhona wakha iinqaba e-Aquincum, eCastra Florentium, eBononia, e-Intercisa, e-Ulcisia Vetera nase-Onagrinum njengenxalenye yenkqubo entsha yokuzikhusela ebizwa ngokuba yi 'Ripa Sarmatica.' kunye neenqaba zokukhusela iDanube, indawo eyayibonwa kunzima ukuyikhusela. UDiocletian unyuse inani labaphetheyo. Ngokombhali-mbali uWarren Treadgold, inani lamadoda kwinkonzo yoluntu lenyuka ukusuka kwi-15,000 ukuya kwi-30,000. Uye wanyusa nenani lamaphondo ukusuka kuma-50 ukuya kwali-100. Amaphondo lahlulwa-hlulwa laba ziidayosisi ezilishumi elinesibini ezazilawulwa ngamagosa awonyulwe ngokukodwa. Uhlengahlengiso kubume bephondo bobukhosi kukhokelele ekwandeni kwenani labalawuli abalawula kwimimandla emincinci. Ngaphandle kokuqokelela irhafu kunye nokusebenza njengeejaji, iirhuluneli kwakulindeleke ukuba zongamele amabhunga edolophu. Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe, uDiocletian wawunika ezona zinto zibalulekileyo emkhosini. Uhlengahlengiso kwezomkhosi yayijolise ekunikezeleni amandla okusebenza afanelekileyo, unikezelo kunye nezixhobo kwinkqubo yokhuselo yobukhosi. Inani lamadoda emkhosini lonyukile ukusuka kuma-390,000 ukuya kuma-580,000, ngelixa inani lamadoda kumkhosi waselwandle lenyuka ukusuka kuma-45,000 laya kuma-65,000. Inxalenye enkulu yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lobukumkani yachitha emkhosini. Ekubeni ubukhulu bemikhosi yobukhosi babuqhubeka bukhula, kwaba nzima ngakumbi ngoDiocletian ukuba ahlawule amajoni akhe namanye amadoda awayenxulumene nomkhosi. Esoyika ungquzulwano lwasekhaya kunye nemvukelo evulekileyo ukuba angangabhatali amadoda akhe, uDiocletian weza nenkqubo entsha yerhafu yokugcina imali iqhubeka. Iirhafu ezimbini ezitsha ezizezi 'capitatio' kunye 'iugum' zaziswa nguDiocletian. Ngelixa i ‘iugum’ yayihlawuliswa kwiyunithi yomhlaba olimekayo, ‘capitatio’ yayihlawuliswa abantu. Uvavanyo lwenkqubo entsha yerhafu lwenziwa kube kanye kwiminyaka emihlanu. Uhlaziyo lukaDiocletian kwinkqubo yerhafu yonyusa inani lamagosa ezezimali. I-Itali, eyayingenazirhafu ixesha elide, ayizange ikhululwe kwinkqubo entsha yerhafu. Nangona kunjalo, isixeko saseRoma sasihlawulelwa ukuhlawula irhafu. Amaphondo akumazantsi eRoma ayerhafiswa kancinci. Qhubeka nokuFunda ngezantsi kukaDiocletian uphinde wahlaziya imali yobukhosi. Uphinde wavelisa iingqekembe zentsimbi ezintathu kwaye wakhupha iingqekembe ezikumgangatho ongcono. Iindidi ezintlanu zeengqekembe zenziwe njengenxalenye yenkqubo entsha. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente ungenise ilahleko ngelixa esenza ezi ngqekembe zintsha njengexabiso eliphantsi lemicimbi emitsha ibiphantsi kunexabiso lezinyithi ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iingqekembe zemali. Ngo-301, uDiocletian wakhupha umthetho wolawulo lwemali ngelinge lokunciphisa ukujikeleza kweengqekembe zegolide. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokukhutshwa komthetho wezezimali, uDiocletian wakhupha 'iEdict on Maximum Prices' edumileyo egciniweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kulo myalelo, umlawuli watyhola ukubawa kwabarhwebi ngenxa yengxaki yamaxabiso obukhosi. Ukutshutshiswa KwamaKristu ‘Intshutshiso Enkulu’ ekwabizwa ngokuba ‘yiTshutshiso eDiocletianic’ yayiyeyona ntshutshiso iqatha kumaKristu kwimbali yoBukhosi baseRoma. Ngo-299, abalawuli baseRoma bathatha inxaxheba kumsitho wokubingelela ukuze baxele ikamva. Njengenxalenye yalo msitho, amaKristu ebingelelwa kwizithixo zamaRoma, isenzo esasixhaphakile kubukhosi ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-250s. Kwii-300s zakuqala, umdikoni obizwa ngokuba nguRomanus waseKesareya wadelela umyalelo weenkundla waphazamisa amadini asemthethweni. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi lwakhe lwasikwa ngokomyalelo womlawuli. URomanus wahlukunyezwa ngeendlela ezininzi ejele ngaphambi kokuba akrwitshwe afe. Nangona uDiocletian wayekholelwa ekubeni oothixo baseRoma babenokungxengxiswa ngokuwalela amaKrestu kuburhulumente nakwimikhosi exhobileyo, uGalerius wayefuna ukuwatshabalalisa amaKristu. La madoda mabini aphikisana ngalo mbandela kwaye ekugqibeleni agqiba kwelokuba afune iingcebiso zika-Apollo's oracle. Nangona kunjalo, i-oracle yathi u-Apollo (isithixo seOlimpiki) wayeka ukunika iingcebiso ngenxa yokungahloneli Mhlaba. Emva koko, amalungu enkundla aqinisekisa uDiocletian ukuba abo bangendawo babebhekisa kumaKristu kuphela. Ngo-303, uthotho lwemithetho yokurhoxisa amalungelo asemthethweni wamaKristu yakhutshwa kubukhosi baseRoma. Le miyalelo yayalela nokuba kutshatyalaliswe iicawa zamaKristu yaza yalela namaKristu ukuba ahlanganisane ukuze anqule. NgoFebruwari 303, inxenye yebhotwe lasebukhosini yatshatyalaliswa ngumlilo kwaye amaKristu kunye namathenwa ebhotwe babekwa ityala ngawo. Ekubulaweni okwalandelayo, uPeter Cubicularius wabethwa waza wabiliswa wafa ngenxa yelangatye elivulekileyo. Ukubulawa kwaqhubeka kwada kwango-Epreli 303 ngexesha apho abantu abathandathu kubandakanya i-Anthimus yaseNicomedia babulawa ngokususwa kwentloko. Xa unyana kaConstantius Chlorus uConstantine waba ngumlawuli ngowama-306, wayirhoxisa imithetho eyayitshutshisa amaKristu. Ngaphantsi kolawulo lwakhe, ubuKrestu baba yinkolo ethandwayo yoBukhosi baseRoma. Ekugqibeleni yaba yinkolo yaseburhulumenteni kwi-380. Ukuthinjwa nokufa Ngo-304, uDiocletian wafumana isigulo esaya sisiba mandundu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo. Emva koko wayeka ukuvela esidlangalaleni de kwaba ngoMatshi 305 xa wayengaziwa. Ngo-Meyi 1, 305, uDiocletian wabiza intlanganiso. Wadibana neenjengele zakhe kunye nabameli bemikhosi ekude kwinduli enye apho wabhengezwa njengomlawuli. Iinyembezi zizehlela, wabaxelela ngesigqibo sakhe sokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, ke ngoko waba ngumlawuli wokuqala waseRoma ukurhoxa ngokuzithandela. UDiocletian wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe laseDalmatia apho waqala khona ukuchitha ixesha kwibhotwe lakhe. Uchithe iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo yobomi bakhe kwizitiya zebhotwe lakhe nanjengoko wayebukele ubukumkani busilela ngenxa yamabhongo abo bangena ezihlangwini zakhe. Usweleke nge-3 kaDisemba ngo-312, kwaye amathambo akhe okufa angcwatyelwa kwibhotwe lakhe. Ingcwaba lakhe laguqulwa laba yicawa esime namhlanje njenge 'Cathedral yaseSt. Domnius.'
