Wazalwa:1386
Wafa eneminyaka: 80
Kwaziwa njenge:Inikelwe nguNiccolo Bardi
Uzalwe e:UFlorence
Idume njenge:Umkroli
Izitabane Amagcisa eRenaissance
Usweleke kwi: Nge-13 kaDisemba ,1466
indawo yokufa:UFlorence
Isixeko: IFlorence, e-Itali
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
IMasaccio UMarco Perego UGiorgio de Chirico YokhetyNgubani uDonatello?
Inkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu i-Italiya yabona ukuvuseleleka kobugcisa ngemisebenzi kaDonatello, oyena mntu ubalaseleyo kwaye mhlawumbi ingoyena mntu ubenempembelelo kwezomntu kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo ngelo xesha. UDonatello, ukususela kwiminyaka yobudala, wabonisa iimpawu zokuyenza ibe nkulu kwihlabathi lobugcisa kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Ukulandela umdla wakhe, wafunda kwangoko kwaye ngocoselelo wafunda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zentsimi. Kananjalo, waqala ukufumana iikhomishini zomsebenzi wakhe kwangoko. Idume ngamanani akhe amakhulu kunabomi, uDonatello wavela njengomculi; imisebenzi yakhe yokugqibela ingumahluko ocacileyo kunangaphambili, ngokubhekisele kubuchule. Wafaka iimvakalelo emsebenzini wakhe, imifanekiso yakhe eqingqiweyo ichaza iimvakalelo zokubandezeleka, uvuyo, usizi nolonwabo ngobuso babo kunye nokuma komzimba. Owona msebenzi wakhe wawudumileyo yayingumfanekiso wobhedu kaDavid, obonisa ubungqongqo bokuziphatha okuphumelela ubundlongondlongo kunye nokungenangqondo. Lo mfanekiso wawuyinto yohlobo lwayo kuba yayiyinto yokuqala eqingqiweyo yokuma ngokuzimeleyo, ingenalo naluphi na uyilo olungqongileyo.
Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala UDonatello wazalwa njengoDonato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi ngo-1386 eFlorence, e-Italiya kuNiccolo di Betto Bardi. Utata wakhe wayelilungu leFlorentine Wool Combers Guild. UDonatello oselula wayifumana imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphakamileyo kwiMartelli, usapho olunempembelelo nolutyebileyo lwaseFlorentine. Umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo waqala kwangoko, njengoko wayefumana uqeqesho lobugcisa kwindawo yokusebenzela yegolide. Wafumana ulwazi malunga nokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye nokuyila isinyithi kunye nezinye izinto. Ngo-1403, wafunda kwi studio kaLornzo Ghiberti, efunda i-nuances ye-Gothic sculpting. Emva kwexesha, wanceda uGhiberti owayegunyazisiwe ukuba enze iingcango zethusi zeFlorentine Baptistery. Waba ngumhlobo kaFilippo Brunelleschi. Aba babini emva koko baqala ukhenketho eRoma ukusuka ngo-1404 ukuya ku-1407, bemba amabhodlo ukuze bafundele ubugcisa bakudala. Kwakukho ngexesha lohambo apho uDonatello avelise ukuqonda ngezinto zokuhombisa kunye neefomathi zakudala. Ukhenketho lwenza impembelelo enzulu kubo bobabini uBrunelleschi kunye noDonatello, ngaloo ndlela batshintsha ubuso bobugcisa base-Italiya ngenkulungwane ye-15. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiAbayili baseNtaliyane Umsebenzi Ukubuyela eFlorentine ngo-1408, waqala ukusebenza koomasifundisane baseCathedral eFlorence. Uncedise uGhiberti kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yabaprofeti ekunokwenzeka ukuba yakhiwe kumnyango osemantla weCathedral. Ngo-1408, wagqiba ubungakanani bemabhile obenziwe nguDavid. Yayiphakathi kwemisebenzi yokuqala kaDonatello kwaye ke yayisilela ekubambeni iimvakalelo kunye nokwenza izinto ezintsha ezaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemisebenzi yakhe yamva. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, eyayijolise kwicawa yecawa, yafuduselwa ePalazzo Vecchio ngo-1416 njengophawu lweRiphabliki yaseFlorentine. Ukususela ngo-1409 ukuya ku-1411, wasebenza kumfanekiso omkhulu ohleliyo we-Saint John the Evangelist. Umzobo uphawule ukutshintshwa komsebenzi we-gothic kaDonatello unika ubunyani kunye nendalo. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yayiqale yahlala kwi-fahedade endala yecawa. Ngoku ihleli eMuseo dell'Opera del Duomo. Isitayile sobugcisa sikaDonatello sakhula ngokukhawuleza, njengoko amanani akhe eqhayisa ngokuba omangalisayo kunye neemvakalelo. Ukususela ngo-1411 ukuya ku-1413, wasebenza kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo weSt.Marko kwicawa yombutho i-Orsanmichele. Emva koko, waqala ukusebenza kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo ka-Saint George ye-Confraternity ye-Cuirass-makers ayigqiba ngo-1417 Ukusuka ngo-1423, waqala ukusebenza kwi-Saint Louis yase-Toulouse ye-Orsanmichele, namhlanje ebekwe kwiMyuziyam ye-Basilica di Santa Croce. Ekuqaleni, wayekrola nesakhelo somsebenzi. Ukususela ngo-1415 ukuya ku-1426, wasebenza kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo emihlanu eyayenzelwe i-campanile yaseSanta Maria del Fiore eFlorence. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo emihlanu iquka ‘uMprofethi ongenantshebe’ (1415), uMprofethi Bearded (1415), ‘iDini likaIsake’ (1421), ‘uHabbakuk’ (1423–1425), kunye no ‘Jeremiah’ (1423–1426). Phakathi kowe-1425 nowe-1427, waba ngumhlobo wezakhiwo kunye noMikhelozzo. Aba babini baya eRoma kwaye basebenza kumangcwaba aliqela okwakhiwa kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kubandakanya ingcwaba lika-Antipope uJohn XXIII kunye no-Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci. Ukongeza, waqingqa imifanekiso yoKholo kunye neThemba leBhaptizi yaseSan Giovanni eSiena. Ngexesha lobomi bakhe bobugcisa, uDonatello waye wakhulisa ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nabathengi abaninzi bezobugcisa, kubandakanya uCosimo de ’Medici. Ngo-1430, uMedici wamnika umsebenzi wokukrola umfanekiso wobhedu kaDavide kwinkundla yePalazzo Medici. Inqanaba lobhedu likaDavid laba yimagnum opus yomsebenzi wobugcisa kaDonatello. Ibonisa umzekeliso woluntu oluhle oloyisa ubundlongondlongo kunye nokungenangqondo. Ukuma kancinci ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezintlanu, umfanekiso ngokuzimeleyo uhlala ngaphandle kwenkxaso yoyilo lwalo naluphi na uhlobo. Oku kuyenzile ukuba ibeyindawo yokuqala eyaziwayo yokuma ngokukhululeka ehamba ze ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ngapha koko, yanika ukuqala kwexesha lobugcisa be-Renaissance, yiyo loo nto yaba yinto yokuqala eqingqiweyo yeRenaissance. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ngexesha lokuthinjwa kukaCosimo, uDonatello waya eRoma. Ubuyile kuphela ngo-1433 kodwa hayi ngaphambi kokuba ashiye uphawu lwakhe kwidolophu yobugcisa bemigangatho yemisebenzi yakhe emibini, ingcwaba likaGiovanni Crivelli eSanta Maria eAracoeli, kunye neCiborium eSt. Ukufika kwakhe eFlorence, wathunywa ukuba enze ipulpiti yemabhile kwisakhiwo sePrato Cathedral. Eshukunyiswe yi-sarcophagi yakudala kunye ne-Byzantine zifuba zeendlovu, weza nomdlandla, ubuhedeni, umdaniso wesigqi esikhulelweyo esine-nude putti. Ngaphambi kokuya ePadua ngo-1443, wagqiba iiprojekthi ezimbalwa kubandakanya ukubhengezwa kwesibingelelo saseCavalcanti eSanta Croce, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wokhuni waseSt. Ngo-1443, uDonatello wamenyelwa ePadua lusapho lwe-mercenary eyaziwayo u-Erasmo da Narni, owayesweleke ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka. Wayephathiswe umsebenzi wokukrola umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu ka-Erasmo ekhwele ihashe enxibe ilokhwe epheleleyo yedabi, ethoba isigcina-ntloko. Ngothando ebizwa ngokuba yiGattamelata, yaba ngumfanekiso wokuqala wamahashe owenziwe ngobhedu ukusukela kumaRoma. Umzobo waba ngumzekelo wezinye izikhumbuzo zamahashe kamva ezenziwe e-Itali naseYurophu. Ukubuyela eFlorence ngo-1453, wahlala eSeina wenza iSt. John the Baptist yeDuomo, kunye neemodeli zamasango ayo, umsebenzi olahlekileyo ngoku. Ngoncedo lukaBartolomeo Bellano noBertoldo di Giovanni, abafundi bakhe, wawugqiba umsebenzi wakhe wokugqibela wokuvelisa izinto ezincomekayo zeepulpiti zebronze kwicawa yaseSan Lorenzo. Ubonelele ngoyilo ngokubanzi kwaye ngokobuqu wabulala uMartyrdom waseSt. Lawrence kunye nokuBekwa eMnqamlezweni. Usebenze kwiminyango kaKristu phambi koPilato noKrestu phambi kukaCaiphus, kunye noBellano Imisebenzi emikhulu UDonatello wayedume ngokwenza imifanekiso eqingqiweyo emikhulu efana nobomi kwaye izaliswe ziimvakalelo ezinzulu. Owona msebenzi wakhe mkhulu yayingumfanekiso wobhedu kaDavide. Kwakukude kakhulu kunabo bonke bemisebenzi yakhe. Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo yayikukuma kwayo ngokukhululekileyo. Yayicwangciswe ngokuqaqambileyo kwaye imile ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle kolwakhiwo. UDavid ubonakalise intetho eluntwini ephumelela ubundlongondlongo kunye nengqondo. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Ukuba ii-anecdotes zika-Angelo Poliziano kwi-'Detti piacevoli 'yakhe okanye izifundo zakhe zemagnum opus eqingqiweyo yobhedu kaDavid ziyakholelwa, uDonatello wayelifanasini. Kucingelwa ukuba abahlobo bakhe babeyazi indlela aziphethe ngayo ngokwesini kwaye banyamezele okufanayo. Nangona kunjalo, abukho ubungqina obomeleleyo obungqina okufanayo. Usweleke ngezizathu ezingaziwayo ngoDisemba 13, 1466, eFlorence. Wangcwatywa kwi-Basilica yaseSan Lorenzo, ecaleni kukaCosimo de 'Medici. Emva kokufa, umsebenzi ongagqitywanga wagqitywa ngumfundi wakhe uBertoldo di Giovanni. Inqaku Wayengoyena mculi ubalaseleyo wase-Italiya ngenkulungwane ye-15, enegama elalilandela uMichelangelo kuphela.
