U-Elizabeth Blackwell ngobomi bakhe

Imbuyekezo Yophawu Lwe-Zodiac
Ukuqiqa

Fumana Ukuhambelana Nophawu Lwe-Zodiac

Iinkcukacha ezikhawulezayo

Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoFebruwari 3 , Ngo-1821





Wafa eneminyaka: 89

Umqondiso welanga: U-Aquarius





Uzalwe e:IBristol

Idume njenge:Umfazi wokuqala wokuthweswa isidanga kwezonyango



Abafazi Abafazi baseMelika

Usapho:

utata:USamuel Blackwell



umama:UHannah Blackwell



abantakwenu:UAnna, uEllen, uEmily, uGeorge, uHenry, uHoward, uMarian, uSamuel

Usweleke kwi: Ngomhla wama-31 , 1910

indawo yokufa:Ukukhawuleza

Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya

Imfundo:IHobart kunye neWilliam Smith iikholeji, iKholeji yaseBedford, iSibhedlele iSt Bartholomew, iGeneva Medical

Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi

Kuyacetyiswa Wena

UAvicenna UAlexis Carrel UIan Frazer URonald Ross

Wayengubani uElizabeth Blackwell?

Ugqirha Elizabeth Blackwell wayengumfazi wokuqala ukufumana isidanga sonyango kwisikolo sezonyango saseMelika, kunye nowasetyhini wokuqala kwirejista yezonyango yase-Bhritane. Wayenxamnye nokulwa nokukhipha isisu kunye nomfazi wesibini, ekhetha ukungena kwicandelo leyeza ngenxa yokuba wayedidekile ukuba igama lesigqirha labasetyhini lisetyenziselwa ukukhupha isisu. Njengomntwana wayechazekile ekucingeni ngokukhululekileyo njengoko usapho lakwaBlackwell lwalukholelwa kwimikhwa yokuphelisa ubukhoboka kunye nabasetyhini. Uninzi lweekholeji azisebenzisileyo zamgatya ngezizathu zakhe ezibini: wayengumfazi kwaye ngenxa yoko engakwazi ukuphatha umsebenzi wezonyango okanye ngenxa yokuba beziva besoyikiswa ngumoya wakhe wokhuphiswano. Ekugqibeleni wamkelwa yiGeneva Medical College eNew York. Ukugqitywa kwekhosi yakhe, waya eParis ukuya kufunda khona. Wabuyela eMelika ukuze andise i-dispensary yakhe njenge-New York Infirmary yabaseTyhini naBantwana kunye nodadewabo uEmily, ugqirha wesibini wasetyhini waseMelika, kunye nomhlobo wabo uGqirha Marie Zakrzewska. I-Infirmary yayisisibhedlele sokuqala saseMelika esisebenza ngabasetyhini, ukubonelela ngoqeqesho kwezonyango kunye namava oogqirha ababhinqileyo kunye nokukhathalela amahlwempu. U-Blackwell wabuyela eNgilani ngokusisigxina, apho waseka khona ubucala, wanceda ekuququzeleleni uMbutho wezeMpilo kaZwelonke, kwaye waba nguprofesa we-gynecology kwi-London School of Medicine for Women. Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.history.com/topics/holidays/womens-history-month/pictures/women-in-science/elizabeth-blackwell Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-leadership/women-who-broke-barriers/2011/07/26/gIQAsskNdI_gallery.html Ngaphambili Okulandelayo Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala U-Elizabeth Blackwell wazalelwa kwindlu eseDickson Street eBristol, eNgilani, kuSamuel Blackwell, umcoci weswekile kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uHannah (Lane) Blackwell. Wayengowesithathu kubantakwabo abasithoba. Ubuntwana bakhe babonwabile njengoko utata wakhe wayenembono yenkululeko malunga nokukhulisa abantwana kwaye wayekholelwa ekubeni wonke umntwana kufuneka anikwe ithuba lokuphuhlisa italente yakhe. Umlilo kwindawo yakhe yokucoca iswekile wayitshabalalisa kwaye uSamuel wagqiba kwelokuba atshintshele eCincinnati, kodwa wasweleka kwakamsinya emva ko-1838 eshiya umhlolokazi, abantwana abasithoba kunye namatyala amaninzi. Oodade baqala isikolo, i-Cincinnati English kunye neFrench Academy yamaLadies aBancinci, ukunceda ukujongana nemeko yabo yezemali. Umdla kaElizabhete kwiCawa yase-Unitarian wawungamkelekanga kuluntu lwaseCincinnati. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Umsebenzi Ngo-1845, wagqiba ekubeni asebenze kwezonyango kwaye ukuze agcine imali kwiindleko zesikolo sezonyango, wafundisa umculo kwisikolo sase-Asheville, eNorth Carolina, waza wahlala noMfu John Dickson, ugqirha wajika waba ngumfundisi. Ngo-1847, wemka waya eFiladelfiya naseNew York, ukuya kuphonononga amathuba okufunda. EPhiladelphia, wakhwela noGqirha uWilliam Umdala, kwaye wafunda i-anatomy ngasese kodwa izicelo zakhe zaliwa. Ngo-1847, uBlackwell wamkelwa njengomfundi wezonyango yiGeneva Medical College, eNew York ngengozi njengoko abafundi babecinga ukuba yinto ehlekisayo xa becelwa ukuba bavote ekwamkelweni kwakhe. Xa uGqirha James Webster, unjingalwazi womzimba wamcela ukuba angabikho ngexesha lokufunda ngokuzala, impendulo yakhe yenza ukuba uWebster amamkele kwintetho kwaye lo mbandela awusathathelwa ngqalelo. Phakathi kwamagama akhe amabini eGeneva, wabuyela ePhiladelphia, kwaye wafaka isicelo kwizikhundla zonyango ukuze afumane amava ezonyango. Abagcini bamahlwempu ababephethe iBlockley Almshouse, bamvumela, ngokungathandabuzi. Emangaliswe yiwadi ye-syphilitic kunye nabo babephethwe yi-typhus eBlockwell, wabhala incwadi yakhe yokuthweswa isidanga ngesihloko se-typhus kunye nokunxibelelana kwempilo yomzimba nokuzinza kwezentlalo kunye nokuziphatha. NgoJanuwari 1849, waba ngumfazi wokuqala ukufumana isidanga sobugqirha eUnited States. Xa umphathi, uGqirha Charles Lee, wamnika isidanga sakhe, waphakama waqubuda kuye. NgoJuni 1849, wabhalisa eLa Maternite; EParis hayi njengogqirha kodwa njengombelekisi ongumfundi. Wadibana noGqirha Hippolyte Blot, ugqirha ongumhlali oselula kwaye waxhamla kwingcebiso yakhe. Ngo-Novemba ngo-1849, ngengozi waphalaza isisombululo esingcolileyo elisweni ngelixa wayephatha usana, olukhokelele kusulelo kwaye waphulukana neliso lasekhohlo kunye nalo lonke ithemba lokuba ngugqirha wotyando. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi ngo-1851, wabuyela e-US eseka eyakhe inkqubo eNew York kwaye kamva waseka i-dispensary encinci kufutshane neTompkins Square ngo-1857, yena kunye nodadewabo uEmily ngoku ongugqirha ofanelekileyo, kunye noGqirha Zakrzewska, bandise i-dispensary kungena iNew York Infirmary yaBasetyhini kunye nabaNtwana abahlwempuzekileyo. Ngo-1858, phantsi kwegatya kuMthetho woNyango ka-1858 wakwazi ukuba ngumfazi wokuqala eNgilane ukuze igama lakhe lifakwe kwirejista yoNyango lwezeMpilo. Ukulandela ukuqhekeka no-Emily, wemka waya eNgilane kwaye ngo-1874 wavula iSchool School of Medicine yaBasetyhini, ngeyona njongo iphambili yokulungiselela abasetyhini kuvavanyo lwelayisensi ye-Apothecaries Hall. Esikolweni, waphulukana negunya lakhe kuJex-Blake, kwaye wagwetyelwa ukuba abe ngumhlohli kubabelekisi. Wayeka esi sikhundla kwaye wathatha umhlala-phantsi emsebenzini wakhe wobugqirha ngo-1877. Imisebenzi emikhulu Ngo-1852, wapapasha i-'The Laws of Life with Special Reference to the Physical Education of Girls '. Incwadi yayi malunga nokukhula ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo kwamantombazana kunye nokulungiswa kwabasetyhini abancinci ukuba babe ngumama. Wakhankasa ngokuchasene neZenzo zeZifo eziSasazekayo kunye nesincoko sakhe sango-1878 esithi, ‘Isiluleko esiya kuBazali ngeMfundo ngeMilinganiselo yaBantwana babo’, sasingaqinisekanga ngobuhenyu nangomtshato, siphikisana noMthetho weSifo esiSasazekayo. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa U-Elizabeth Blackwell akazange atshate kuba wayexabisa inkululeko yakhe kwaye walahla uninzi lwabasolwa. Ngo-1856, wamkela uKatherine 'Kitty' uBarry, inkedama waza wamkhulisa njengomkhonzi onesiqingatha-ntombi. Wayenxibelelene kakuhle kwaye watshintshiselana iileta noLady Byron malunga nemiba yamalungelo abasetyhini kwaye wayengumhlobo osenyongweni noFlorence Nightingale awayexoxa naye ngokuvula isibhedlele kunye. Usweleke kwikhaya lakhe eHastings, eNgilane kwaye uthuthu lwakhe wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba e-St Munn's Parish Church, Kilmun, Scotland. ILancet kunye neBritish Medical Journal babephethe ii-obituaries zokumhlonipha. Ukususela ngo-1949, i-American Medical Women's Association inika u-Elizabeth Blackwell Medal kugqirha ongumfazi. IHobart kunye neWilliam Smith Iikholeji zinikezela ngeBhaso likaElizabeth Blackwell kwabasetyhini ngenkonzo ebalaseleyo eluntwini Inqaku Umfazi wokuqala ukufumana isidanga sobugqirha, wabhengeza, Ukuba uluntu alunakuyamkela inkqubela phambili yasimahla yabasetyhini, uluntu kufuneka luhlaziywe.