Igama lomnxeba:UGloriana, uKumkanikazi olungileyo uBess, uBess, uKumkanikazi oyiNtombikazi, uKumkanikazi weFaerie
Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoSeptemba 7 ,1533
Wafa eneminyaka: 69
Umqondiso welanga: Intombazana
Kwaziwa njenge:U-Elizabeth I
Uzalwe e:Ibhotwe lasePlacentia
Idume njenge:Ukumkanikazi waseNgilani
Iingcaphuno zikaElizabethe I waseNgilani IiKumkanikazi kunye neeQueens
Usapho:
utata: ILondon, eNgilani
UMsunguli / uMsunguli:Isikolo iWestminster, ikholeji kaYesu, iOxford, ikholeji yaseElizabeth, iGuernsey, ikholeji yaseTrinity, eDublin
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
U-Anne Boleyn U-Edward VI we-En ... UMary I waseNgilani UHenry VIII we-E ...Wayengubani uElizabeth I waseNgilani?
U-Elizabeth I ngokungathandabuzekiyo wayengoyena kumkani ubalaseleyo waseNgilani owayelawula eli lizwe ukusukela ngonyaka we-1558 ukuya kowe-1603. Esaziwa njenge-Virgin Queen, iminyaka yakhe engama-45 yolawulo yaphawula ixesha elizukileyo kwimbali yamaNgesi. Ngokwahlukileyo, xa uElizabeth ethatha isikhundla sokuba yiKumkanikazi yaseNgilani, ilizwe lalilelona libuthathaka — lihlwempuzekile ngokwezoqoqosho, liqhekekile ngokwenkolo kwaye lisengozini yezopolitiko ngamagunya amakhulu eFrance naseSpain. Ngapha koko, isikhundla sakhe uqobo sasisesichengeni ngenxa yokuba umhlaba wawulindele umtshato wakhe kunye nokuzalwa kweenzala zakhe ukubuyisela umyeni / umntwana wakhe njengoyena mlawuli wesizwe. Nangona kunjalo, uElizabeth I wayenazo ezinye izicwangciso. Endaweni yokuqubuda kuxinzelelo, u-Elizabeth wabusa yedwa ngaphambili. Ubukrelekrele bakhe obunobuqili, ubukrelekrele obukhali kunye nokuzimisela kwentloko elukhuni kwamnceda ukuba ahambe ngomkhumbi eNgilani ngamaxesha anzima. Akazange aseke nje iCawa yaseNgilani ngokufumana ukungqinelana phakathi kwamaRoma Katolika kunye namaProtestanti, kodwa wanceda iNgilani ibhegi enye yezona mpi zinkulu kwezaseSpain ngokoyisa iSpanish Armada. Kwakukho nangexesha likaElizabethan ukuba uncwadi lwesiNgesi lwachuma ngokugqibeleleyo, lwalukhokelwa ziingxilimbela uWilliam Shakespeare, uChristopher Marlowe noEdmund Spenser. Ngokubanzi, wayengumlawuli odumileyo owayekhokele iNgilani isiya kuxolo nozinzo.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I_Rainbow_Portrait.jpg (Umzobo we-Rainbow ka-Queen Elizabeth I)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I_Palazzo_Pitti_Florence.jpg (Igcisa elingaziwayo, emva kukaMarcus Gheeraerts Omncinci, ngokunokwenzeka isitudiyo saseGheeraerts [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Elizabeth_I_in_coronation_robes.jpg (Igalari yeSizwe yeParografi [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I_(Armada_Portrait).jpg (Elifudula linxulunyaniswa noGeorge Gower [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Elizabeth_I_when_a_Princess.jpg (Ibifudula inxulunyaniswa noWilliam Scrots [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth1_Phoenix.jpg (Inikwe uNicholas Hilliard [Indawo yoluntu])Abafazi beVirgo Ukungena kunye nolawulo Emva kokusweleka kukaKumkani uHenry VIII ngo-1547, unyana wakhe, uPrince Edward VI wangena esihlalweni njengoKumkani waseNgilani. Wayeneminyaka esithoba kuphela ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeemeko ezingaziwayo, wasweleka nge-6 kaJulayi ngo-1553. Ngokwe- Succession to the Crown Act 1543, ukusweleka kweNkosana uEdward VI ngokuzenzekelayo kwadlulisela itrone kuMary no-Elizabeth. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomyolelo ka-Edward, uLady Jane Grey, umzala wokuqala ka-Edward VI kunye nomzukulwana ka-Henry VII ngentombi yakhe encinci uMary, waba yindlalifa esemthethweni yetrone. Igunya likaLady Jane njengoKumkanikazi waseNgilani lathatha iintsuku ezilithoba kuphela emva koko wagxothwa. Emva koko, uMary waba nguKumkanikazi waseNgilani ngo-Agasti 1553 kunye no-Elizabeth ecaleni kwakhe. Ubungqongqo bukaKumkanikazi uMary kubuKatolika kunye nendlela engeyiyo eyasemphefumlweni yamzisela intshaba ezininzi kunabahlobo. Ukuncipha kwakhe kuye kwancipha xa wayecebisa ngesicwangciso sakhe sokutshata iNkosana uPhilip yaseSpain, unyana ka-Emperor uCharles V kunye nomKatolika okhutheleyo. U-Queen Mary wajongana nemvukelo yase-Wyatt ngo-Februwari 1554, emva koko wavalela u-Elizabeth ekrokrela ukubandakanyeka kwakhe. Emva konyaka evalelwe endlwini, uElizabeth ekugqibeleni wakhululeka. Ukusweleka kukaKumkanikazi uMary ngo-Novemba ngo-1558 indlela evulekileyo yokuba uElizabethe aphumelele esihlalweni sobukhosi. NgoJanuwari 15, 1559, wathanjiswa wabekwa isithsaba njengoKumkanikazi waseNgilani. Ukutyunjwa kwakhe kwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwaye kwaxatyiswa. Emva kokumiselwa kukaElizabethe njengoKumkanikazi waseNgilani, umtshato wakhe waba yinkxalabo enkulu, kuba wayengowokugqibela kubukhosi bakhe kwaye umtshato wakhe kunye nabantwana babeya kuqinisekisa ulawulo lweTudors. Nangona wafumana izindululo ezininzi ezivela kubaxhasi baseYurophu, waziphika zonke. Xa ukumkanikazi uElizabeth wayehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi, wazuza njengelifa iingxaki ezininzi ezaphakanyiswa ngulowo wayemandulele. Eyona nto yayiphambili yayikukungavisisani kwezenkolo phakathi kwamaKatolika namaProtestanti. Wayengenguye umxhasi onyanisekileyo wenkolo, wacela ukuba kupasiswe umthetho we-Supremacy, owaphinda wamisela iBandla laseNgilani kunye noMthetho weUkufana. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuqala ka-Queen Elizabeth oya eScotland yayikukuphikisa uxinzelelo lwaseFrance. Ngomnyaka we-1560, iSivumelwano sase-Edinburgh satyikitywa ngokokuba isoyikiso saseFrance sokuhlasela sasuswa emantla. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe, wajongana nosongelo oluvela kuMary Stuart, uKumkanikazi waseScots owabeka itrone kwitrone. UMary wayeyintombi kaKing James V waseScotland kwaye watshata noKing Francis II. Ngo-1567, ukumkanikazi uElizabeth wamvalela umzala wakhe ngokuthatha inxaxheba kumzamo wokumbulala. UMary wavalelwa iminyaka engama-20 ngaphambi kokuba abulawe ngo-1587. Ngo-1585, uKumkanikazi uElizabeth wangena kwimbambano yaseNetherlands ukuxhasa imvukelo yamaProtestanti eSpain. Kwakuloo nyaka, uMhlekazi Francis Drake wathabatha uhambo oluya eCaribbean esiya kumazibuko nakwiinqanawa zaseSpain. ISpain eyayijonge phambili ekuhlaselweni kwe-mpuma yeNgilani phantsi kweDuke yaseParma ngeArmada yayo yaseSpain yoyiswa ngo-1588 nguMkhosi waseNgilani wamaNgesi. Ngalo lonke ixesha lokulawula kwakhe, wayesoloko esoyika eIreland, kuba amaIreland ayengamaKatolika azinikeleyo kwaye engalwamkeli ukholo lwakhe lobuProtestanti. Imvukelo yaqhambuka ngo-1594, eyabizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe Yeminyaka Esithoba, phantsi kukaHugh O'Neill ngenkxaso evela eSpain. Kwakungo-1603, apho abavukeli boyiswa ekugqibeleni phantsi kukaCharles Blount, u-Lord Mountjoy kwaza kwasayinwa isivumelwano soxolo phakathi kweNgilani ne-Spain. Kwakuphantsi kolawulo lukaKumkanikazi uElizabeth apho ubudlelwane bezorhwebo bakhula phakathi kweNgilani neBarbary States. I-England ithengise ngezixhobo, iimbumbulu, amaplanga kunye nesinyithi kutshintshiselwana ngeswekile yaseMorocco. Uphinde waseka ubudlelwane bezopolitiko noRhulumente wase-Ottoman kangangokuba uSultan Murad III wacebisa umanyano lomkhosi phakathi kwala mazwe mabini ngokuchasene notshaba lwabo oluqhelekileyo, iSpain Ishumi leminyaka le-1590 labona ukuqala 'kolawulo lwesibini' luka-Elizabeth. Ixesha liphawulwe ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye noxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho. Ukongeza kooyeha yayisisizukulwana esitsha esingenamava sabalawuli kwiBhunga eliLawulayo likaKumkanikazi okanye iqumrhu elilawulayo. Ngokungafaniyo nexesha langaphambili, iingxwabangxwaba phakathi kukarhulumente zaziphambili. Ngapha koko, igunya lakhe ngaphakathi lancipha kakhulu. Ulawulo lwesibini lukaKumkanikazi uElizabeth lube negalelo ekuveliseni uncwadi olungalinganiyo nolungenakuthelekiswa nanto. Ababhali ababalaseleyo, ababhali kunye neencutshe zoncwadi ezifana noWilliam Shakespeare kunye noChristopher Marlowe baqala ukubalasela ngemisebenzi yabo engaphaya kwemibhalo. Kwakulithuba lokulawula kwakhe, ekubhekiswa kuye njengexesha likaElizabethan apho iholo yamaNgesi yafikelela kwincopho yayo.
Impumelelo Xa uElizabeth waqalisa ukulawula, amaNgesi aba nengxaki enkulu kwezenkolo. U-Elizabeth ukhethe indlela ephakathi kwaye wayenyamezele kwaye emodareyitha kwindlela yakhe. Waqhuba ngononophelo kwinkolo yonqulo kwaye waqinisekisa ukungqinelana phakathi kweRoma Katolika kunye neProtestanti ngokubuyisela iCawa yaseNgilani. Ngaphambili kwezomkhosi, uloyiso lwakhe ngokuchasene neArmada yaseSpain ngo-1588 yabonisa enye yezona mpi zinkulu kwimbali yamaNgesi. UDuke waseParma wayecwangcise uhlaselo lwaseSpain kunxweme olusempuma-mpuma yeNgilani ngenqanawa enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, uMkhosi waseLwandle waseNgilani walinciphisa icebo labo lamabhongo ngokoyisa iArmada yaseSpain wabasasaza emantla mpuma. Ubomi bobuqu kunye nelifa Umtshato kaKumkanikazi uElizabeth wawunengxabano enkulu. Nangona wanikwa izindululo ezininzi kwaye wayethathela ingqalelo amasoka aliqela, intliziyo yakhe yayilangazelela umhlobo wakhe wobuntwana uRobert Dudley. Xa umfazi kaDudley waswelekayo, amathuba okuba u-Elizabeth amtshate abonakala ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngobuqaqawuli obenza ukuba ukungathandwa kwabo kucace gca, wayeka isicwangciso sakhe. Kudala, uElizabeth ethathela ingqalelo amasoka aliqela kubandakanya, uPhilip II, uKing Eric XIV waseSweden, u-Archduke Charles wase-Austria, u-Henry Duke wase-Anjou no-Francis, u-Duke wase-Anjou. Nangona kunjalo, akazange atshate namnye. Ngaphandle kwemizamo ephindaphindiweyo eyenziwe ngamaPalamente yokunyanzela uKumkanikazi uElizabeth ukuba atshate okanye amthiye indlalifa, wala kokubini. Ngo-1599, wagxininisa ukuba wayetshatile ebukumkanini bakhe. Ngo-1602, ukumkanikazi waba kwimeko yoxinzelelo olukhulu xa uthotho lokusweleka kwabahlobo bakhe lamshiya edimazekile ngokweemvakalelo. Kunyaka olandelayo, ukufa kukaCatherine Howard, umtshana womzala wakhe, kwaba sisibetho esikhulu. Ngo-Matshi 1603, wagula kakhulu. Ngo-Matshi 24, 1603, wasweleka eRichmond Palace. Ibhokisi yakhe yathathwa yaya kuthathwa kwiWhitehall. Ngexesha lomngcwabo wakhe, ibhokisi yathathwa yaya eWestminster Abbey apho wayethungelwe khona engcwabeni nodadewabo, uMary. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, umcebisi wakhe uCecil kunye nebhunga lakhe bathatha amanyathelo ngezicwangciso zabo. U-Elizabeth walandelwa nguJames VI waseScotland njengoJames I waseNgilani. 
