Usuku lokuzalwa: Nge-15 ka-Okthobha , Ngo-1844
Wafa eneminyaka: 55
Umqondiso welanga: ILibra
Kwaziwa njenge:UFriedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Jemani
Uzalwe e:Röcken, Lützen, eJamani
Idume njenge:Isithandi sobulumko
Iingcaphuno zikaFriedrich Nietzsche Abakholelwa kuThixo
Ukuphakama: 5'8 'Izimvo eziyi-173i-CM),5'8 'Akulunganga
Usapho:utata:UCarl Ludwig Nietzsche
umama:UFranziska Nietzsche
abantakwenu:U-Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, uLudwig Joseph Nietzsche
Usweleke kwi: Nge-25 ka-Agasti , Ngo-1900
indawo yokufa:IWeimar, iSaxony, uBukhosi baseJamani
Unobangela wokufa:Ukukrala kwemiphunga
Izifo kunye nokukhubazeka: Uxinzelelo
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:IYunivesithi yaseBonn (1864-1865), iYunivesithi yaseLeipzig
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UArthur Schopenh ... Hildegard ka-Bi ... UPaul Tillich UCarl SchmittNgubani uFriedrich Nietzsche?
UFriedrich Nietzsche wayesisazi sefilosofi saseJamani kunye nesazi sezinto zakudala se-19, esaziwa ngemibhalo yakhe egxeka inkolo, isimilo, inkcubeko, ifilosofi kunye nesayensi. Wayesaziwa ngokubanzi ngezimvo kunye nemibono yakhe njengokufa kukaThixo, umbono, i-Übermensch, ukuphindaphinda okungunaphakade, kunye nentando yokulawula. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe njenge philologist yamandulo. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-24, waba ngoyena mntu mncinci ukubamba isihlalo se-philology yamandulo 'kwiDyunivesithi yaseBasel.' Imibhalo yakhe ubukhulu becala yayihlala inempikiswano kwaye wayehlala egxekwa ngenxa yokholo lwabo oluchasene nobuKristu. Umsebenzi wakhe waqatshelwa kamva kwaye waqwalaselwa njengomzamo wokufundisa ubuntu malunga nokukhula komntu kunye nokuzimela okukhulu. Kwathiwa amajoni aseJamani anikwa ikopi yenoveli yefilosofi kaFriedrich ethi ‘Thus Spoke Zarathustra’ ngexesha ‘leMfazwe Yehlabathi I’ yokukhuthazwa. Iinkokeli zopolitiko ezaziwayo njengoTheodore Roosevelt, uAdolf Hitler, uMussolini, uCharles de Gaulle, kunye noRichard Nixon bafunda imisebenzi yakhe kwaye baphenjelelwa zizimvo zakhe. Imibhalo yakhe ikwachukumise iingcinga ezininzi zenkulungwane yama-20, kuquka uMartin Heidegger, uJean-Paul Sartre, uLeo Strauss, uAlbert Camus, uMichel Foucault, uJacques Derrida noGilles Deleuze.Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:
Ababhali abaPhikisayo abangama-50 ngalo lonke ixesha Ezona ngqondo zibalaseleyo kwimbali
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/CBVTNP1lgzo/ (ivanmaffeiwriter)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/CCLZ-b8l8RX/ (friedrich_schopenhauer)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/B-GHW8WnMSe/ (umyalezo wobulumko)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/B99CGp2JaSm/ (Betikevi)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nietzsche-21.jpg (Isenhiem)Ubomi,UmculoQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiAmadoda eLibra UNjingalwazi eBasil Ngomnyaka we-1869, ubuprofesa kwi-classical philology buye bavuleka 'kwiYunivesithi yaseBasel' eSwitzerland. Nangona uFriedrich Nietzsche wayengekawugqibi umsebenzi wakhe wobugqirha, uRitschl walincoma kakhulu igama lakhe, evakalisa ukuba kwiminyaka engama-40 yokufundisa akazange afumane mntu unje. Ngokunyanzelwa kukaRitschl, i-'Dyunivesithi yaseLeipzig 'yanika isidanga sobugqirha kwi-Nietzsche, isekele isigqibo sabo kumaphepha akhe apapashiweyo. Abazange baqhube naluphi na olunye uviwo. Ngaphambi kokuba afudukele eBasel ngo-1869, uFriedrich Nietzsche wancama ubumi bakhe basePrussia, wahlala engenamntu kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Waqeshwa waba nguNjingalwazi ongaqhelekanga we-philology yeklasikhi, ngaphambi kokuba anyuselwe kwisikhundla sokuba nguNjingalwazi opheleleyo kunyaka olandelayo. Ngeli xesha, waba nobuhlobo obusondeleyo noRichard Wagner kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uCosima, esiba lundwendwe rhoqo kwilali yabo. Mhlawumbi phantsi kwempembelelo yabo, wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala enkulu ethi 'Greek Music Drama' ngo-1870. Kwakhona ngo-1870, uNietzsche wagqiba kwelokuba asebenzele isidanga sakhe sobugqirha, ebhala i-'Beiträge zur Quellenkunde und Kritik des Laertius Diogenes '(Igalelo loFundo kunye iCritique yooVimba bakaDiogenes Laertius) njengengxelo yakhe. Kodwa akazange ayingenise. Nangona wayenikezele ngobumi basePrussia, inzondo yakhe yesizwe ayizange ife. NgoJulayi ngo-1870, kwaqhambuka ‘iMfazwe yaseFranco-Prussian’ kwaye ngo-Agasti, wathabatha ikhefu ukuze asebenze njengolungelelwano kwezonyango ‘kuMkhosi wasePrussia.’ Nangona kunjalo, wakhutshwa kwinkonzo kungaphelanga nenyanga njengoko wayegula. Ngo-Okthobha u-1870, wayebuyile e-Basel waphinda waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe wobutitshala. Ngenxa yeshedyuli engqongqo yokufundisa kunye nokusebenza kakhulu, wagula ebutsheni bowe-1871. Emva koko wafuna ukutshintshelwa kwisebe lefilosofi, kodwa wala. Ngaphandle kweshedyuli yakhe enzima yokufundisa kunye nempilo enkenenkene, uNietzsche uqhubeke nokubhala. Ngo-Epreli 1871, wafaka umbhalo-ngqangi womsebenzi wakhe wokuqala obalulekileyo 'iDie Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik' (Ukuzalwa kweNtlekele kuMoya woMculo). Emva kokuba inqatshelwe ngumshicileli wokuqala, 'Ukuzalwa kweNtlekele' yapapashwa nge-2 kaJanuwari 1872, evusa impendulo enomsindo evela kubaphengululi abaninzi kuncwadi lwesiGrike. Engatyhafiswanga, emva koko wabhala ‘Über Wahrheit und Lüge im außermoralischen Sinn’ (Kwinyani kunye nobuxoki kwi-Extra-Moral Sense). Qhubeka nokuFunda ngezantsi kuka-1873, wabhala 'kwiNyaniso kunye nokuxoka,' kodwa ayizange ipapashwe kude kube ngo-1896. Kananjalo ngo-1873, waqala ukusebenza kwi-'Philosophie im tragischen Zeitalter der Griechen '(Ifilosofi kwisigaba esibuhlungu samaGrike), kodwa wayishiya ingagqitywanga. Incwadi yakhe yowe-1874 ethi ‘We Philologists’ nayo yashiywa ingashicilelwanga. Ngo-1877, waye wagula kakhulu, ephethwe ziintlungu ezingapheliyo kunye nokungaboni kakuhle. Ukuthatha ixesha lokuphumla, wabeka ikhaya nodadewabo kunye nomfundi odlulileyo uJohann Heinrich Köselitz, owaziwa njengo Peter Gast. Ngeli xesha, uGast waqala ukusebenza njengonobhala wakhe, ethatha uxinzelelo kwaye enceda nangezinye iindlela. Ngo-1878, uNietzsche wapapasha i-'Menschliches, Allzumenschliches: Ein Buch für freie Geister '(Uluntu, Bonke Abantu: Incwadi Yemimoya Ekhululekileyo). Yayingumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ukubhalwa ngohlobo lwe-aphoristic. Ngelishwa, impilo yakhe iya isiba mandundu, imnyanzela ukuba athathe amagqabi amade. Ekugqibeleni ngoJuni 14, 1879, wayeka emsebenzini e-Basel, apho wanikwa ipenshoni yonyaka eyi-3000 Swiss franc kangangesithuba seminyaka emithandathu.
Izicatshulwa: Uthando Ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo Emva kokuyeka emsebenzini, uNietzsche wayehlala yedwa. Exhaswe ngumhlala-phantsi wakhe waseBasel kunye noncedo oluvela kubahlobo, waqala wajikeleza e-Itali naseSwitzerland, epapasha inani leencwadi. 'Morgenröte - Gedanken über die moralischen Vorurteille' (The Dawn), eyapapashwa ngo-1881, yayingumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala obalulekileyo ngeli xesha. Kunyaka olandelayo, wayenayo ‘Die fröhliche Wissenschaft’ (iGay Science) epapashiweyo. Isicatshulwa sakhe esidumileyo esithi 'Gott ist tot' (UThixo Ufile) wabonakala okokuqala kulo msebenzi. Ukususela ngo-1882, njengokuba impilo yakhe isiba mandundu, waqala ukuthatha isixa esikhulu se-opium; kodwa ayincedanga. Ngo-1883, wazama ukufumana unjingalwazi ‘kwiYunivesithi yaseLeipzig,’ kodwa ngenxa yeembono zakhe ngobuKristu, wabuphikisa. Ngoku wayengaphangeli kwaye wayengenabahlobo abaninzi ecaleni kwakhe. Ukuya ekuzimiseleni, wabhala 'Kwangokunje nge-Zarathustra: Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen' (Yiyo ke le Spoke Zarathustra: Incwadi Yabantu Bonke Akukho Nanye), inoveli yefilosofi eyabhalwa kumacandelo amane phakathi kowe-1883 nowe-1885. Kwinoveli, wayicacisa Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi ngo-1886, wabhala 'uJenseits von Gut und Böse: Vorspiel einer Philosophie der Zukun' (Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Ixesha elizayo). Ngenxa yengxabano nomshicileli wakhe, wayiprinta ngeendleko zakhe. Ukwafumene amalungelo okupapashwa kwimisebenzi yakhe yangaphambili. Ngo-1887, uNietzsche wapapasha 'iZur Genealogie der Moral: Eine Streitschrift' (KwiGenealogy of Morality: A Polemic). Ukongeza koku, ukhuphe inqaku lesibini elithi 'Ukuzalwa kweNtlekele,' 'uLuntu, Bonke abantu,' 'iDawn,' kunye 'neNzululwazi yeGay,' ebeka imixholo ngokuhambelana ngakumbi kwaye esongeza isimaphambili esitsha kubo. Ngokulungiswa kwemixholo, abafundi baqala ukuthatha umdla kwimisebenzi yakhe kwaye ukuthengisa kwaqala ukuphucula. Wonwabile ngempendulo, wabhala iincwadi ezintlanu ngo-1888; kodwa kuphela 'Der Fall Wagner' (Imeko kaWagner) eyapapashwa kulo nyaka. Phakathi kweminye yemisebenzi yakhe, 'Götzen-Dämmerung, oder, Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophirt' (Twilight of the Idols, or, How to Philosophize with a Hammer), eyabhalwa phakathi komhla wama-26 kuAgasti nowesi-3 Septemba 1888, yapapashwa ngo-1889. Eminye imisebenzi, eyile 'Der Antichrist' kunye no'Nietzsche contra Wagner 'yapapashwa ngo-1895. Ngo-1888, wabhala incwadi enembali ethi 'Ecce homo: Wie man wird, was man ist' (Ecce Homo: How One Becomes What Omnye ngu). Ishicilelwe ngo-1908, yayingumsebenzi wokuqala wokugqibela owabhalwa nguNietzsche ngaphambi kokuba aphuke engqondweni, owawugqiba ngempumelelo umsebenzi wakhe. Imisebenzi emikhulu ‘Ngaleyo ndlela wathetha uZarathustra,’ omnye weyona misebenzi ibhiyozelwayo kaNietzsche, urekhodisha iihambo zentetho zentetho kunye neentetho zeZarathustra. Umsebenzi ucacisa izimvo ezinje 'ngokuziphindaphinda okungunaphakade,' 'ukufa kukaThixo,' kunye 'nesiprofeto' se-ermbermensch ezazisele zingenisiwe kwimisebenzi yakhe yangaphambili. 'Twilight of the Idols' iphakathi kwemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yeNietzsche. Kule ncwadi, akagxeki kuphela inkcubeko yeJamani yelo xesha njengezinto ezingafunekiyo nezingathandekiyo, kodwa ugxeka nabantu baseBritane, baseFrance nabase-Italiya ababeneembono ezifanayo. Uye waqhwabela izandla abantu abanjengoKesare, uNapoleon, uGoethe, uThucydides, kunye neeSophists. 
Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa UFriedrich Nietzsche akazange atshate. Kuthiwa ucele kathathu kuLou Salomé, umfundi waseRussia, malunga ne-1892-1893; Ngalo lonke ixesha enqatyelwa nguye. Abanye abaphengululi banamhlanje bakholelwa ukuba wayelifanasini, kodwa abanye bayayiphikisa le mbono. UNietzsche wayenobudlelwane obusondeleyo nodadewabo u-Therese Elisabeth Alexandra Förster-Nietzsche owayehlala emgcina. Emva kwexesha, xa wayetshata noBernhard Förster, kwaye ephuhlisa ingqondo yokuchasana namaSemite, kwabakho umsantsa phakathi kwaba babini. Ngomhla wesi-3 kuJanuwari ngo-1889, uNietzsche wayenokuphazamiseka engqondweni, kwafunyaniswa ukuba unegcushuwa ephezulu. Wacelwa ngamapolisa amabini emva kokubangela ukuphazamiseka koluntu eTurin. Kuthiwa wabona ihashe likatswa, wabaleka waya ehasheni kwaye wazama ukulikhusela ngaphambi kokuwa phantsi. Ngelo xesha, udadewabo wayesele emkile eMzantsi Melika. Ke ngoko, abahlobo bakhe balungiselela ukumbuyisa eBasel. Ngo-Matshi 1890, umama wakhe wamdlulisela kwiklinikhi eJena, emva koko wambuyisela eNaumburg ngoMeyi 1890, emgcina ekhaya. Udadewabo kaNietzsche wabuya ngo-1893 kwaye ngoko nangoko wathatha ulawulo lwemisebenzi yakhe engapapashwa. Waphinda wazibhala ukuba zilungele iingcinga zakhe ezichasene namaSemite, esenza i-'Nietzsche Archive 'ngo-1894. Emva kokusweleka kukanina wabo ngo-1897, wamthumela e-Weimer, apho avumela iindwendwe ukuba zidibane neNietzsche engathethiyo. Ngo-1898 nango-1899, wabandezeleka imivumbo emibini, ephulukana namandla okuhamba nokuthetha. Ngo-Agasti 1900, wahlaselwa yinyumoniya. Waphinda wafumana esinye isifo nge-24 okanye nge-25 ka-Agasti. Khange asinde kwisibetho, kwaye wasweleka nge-25 ka-Agasti ka-1900. Amathambo akhe aswelekayo angcwatywa kwicawa eRöcken bei Lützen, ecaleni kwengcwaba likayise. Amanqaku akhe angagqitywanga kamva ahlelwa ngudade wabo kwaye apapashwa njengo 'Der Wille zur Macht' (Umnqweno kuMandla). Ibhaso loncwadi laseJamani eligama lingu ‘Friedrich-Nietzsche-Preis’ lenziwa ngo-1996 ngembeko yakhe. UNietzsche-Haus, apho wachitha khona ubuntwana bakhe, ngoku ijikwe yayimyuziyam.
