UGalileo Galilei Biography

Imbuyekezo Yophawu Lwe-Zodiac
Ukuqiqa

Fumana Ukuhambelana Nophawu Lwe-Zodiac

Iinkcukacha ezikhawulezayo

Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoFebruwari 15 ,1564





Wafa eneminyaka: 77

Umqondiso welanga: U-Aquarius





Kwaziwa njenge:UGalileo di Vincenzo Bonaulti nguGalile

Ilizwe lokuzalwa: ElamaTaliyane



Uzalwe e:IPisa, e-Itali

Idume njenge:Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi



Iingcaphuno zikaGalileo Galilei Iinjineli



Usapho:

utata:UVincenzo Galilei

umama:UGiulia Ammannati

abantakwenu:Benedetto Galilei, Giulia Galilei, Livia Galilei, Michelagnolo, Virginia Virginia

abantwana:ULivia, uMaria Celeste, uVincenzo Gamba

Iqabane:UMarina Gamba

Usweleke kwi: NgoJanuwari 8 ,1642

indawo yokufa:Arcetri

Izifo kunye nokukhubazeka: Idyslexia

Isixeko: IPisa, e-Itali

ukufumanisa / ukuveliswa:Ganymede, Europa, Callisto, Io, Imisesane yeSaturn

Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya

Imfundo:IYunivesithi yasePisa (1581-1585)

Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi

Kuyacetyiswa Wena

UCarlo Rubbia UGuglielmo Marconi UGiordano Bruno Umvangeli uTor ...

Ngubani uGalileo Galilei?

Ngokufuthi ekhunjulwa ‘njengoYise we-Observational Astronomy,’ uGalileo Galilei wayengomnye woosomajukujuku ababalaseleyo nababalaseleyo kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi, iingcali zezibalo nezenzululwazi kwimbali yoluntu. Wadlala indima enkulu kwaye waba negalelo ekumiseleni inguqu kwezenzululwazi. UGalileo ubizwa ngokuba uphuhlise uninzi lweekhonsepthi zale mihla, ezibonakalise ukuba sisiseko sophando lwanamhlanje kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uGalileo waba negalelo elikhulu kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Wayethengisa iteleskopu, eyamnceda ekufumaneni kwakhe. Wayekhupha umbono ka-Aristoteli, owawubalasele ngelo xesha, kwaye exhasa iCopernicanism. Igalelo lakhe kwicandelo le-astronomy liquka isiqinisekiso seteleskopu sezigaba zeVenus, ukufunyanwa kweesathelayithi ezine ezinkulu zeJupiter, kunye nokujongwa kunye nohlalutyo lwamabala elanga. Ngapha koko, wasungula ikhampasi yomkhosi ephuculweyo kunye nezinye izixhobo kwicandelo lesayensi kunye netekhnoloji. Wayekhuthaza umbono we-heliocentric kwaye waxhasa iCopernicanism eyacaphukisa iCawa yamaRoma Katolika. Sekunjalo, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iCawa yasusa ukuvalwa kweencwadi zikaGalileo yaza yambiza ‘njengoYise weSayensi zaNgoku.’Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:

Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:

Iimodeli eziDumileyo zeNdima ongathanda ukudibana nazo Abona bantu banempembelelo kwimbali Abantu abadumileyo esinqwenela ukuba babesaphila Ababhali abaPhikisayo abangama-50 ngalo lonke ixesha UGalileo Galilei Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPnjAJaO9YQ
(UMary Bauer) Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei,_1636.jpg
(I-Sustermans nje / i-domain yoluntu) Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpsN8JbJIe0
(valeria rinoldo) Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E64ioOf1xfg
(Oliviero Pinotti) Ityala lemifanekiso http://skepticism.org/timeline/august-history/7855-galileo-galilei-shows-an-early-telescope-he-improved-upon.html Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1_9E7Dpl30
(Yonke into eseMpilo)Akunakuze,MnaQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiIinjineli zamadoda Inzululwazi ngamadoda Iifiziksi zamadoda Umsebenzi wokuFunda Ukuphuma kwakhe eyunivesithi, uGalileo wabeka ingqondo yakhe ekwenzeni ithermoskopu, eyayingumanduleli wale thermometer isetyenzisiweyo ngoku. Emva koko wapapasha incwadi encinci enesihloko esithi 'Ibhalansi encinci' eqaqambisa umsebenzi wakhe kwi-hydrostatic balance. Ngulo msebenzi owazisa uGalileo ukwamkelwa kunye negama kwilizwe labaphengululi. Ukuze azixhase, uGalileo wenza lo msebenzi wokuba ngumhlohli kwi ‘Accademia delle Arti del Disegno’ eFlorence; iprofayili yakhe yayiquka umbono wokufundisa kunye ne-chiaroscuro. Kwangelo xesha, wafunda isifo kwaye waba nomdla kakhulu kumasiko esixeko. UGalileo naye wakhulisa umdla omkhulu kwimisebenzi yeengcali zeRenaissance. Kungekudala ngonyaka we-1589, uGalileo wanyuselwa waba ngusihlalo wemathematics ‘kwiYunivesithi yasePisa.’ Ngexesha lakhe ePisa, uGalileo wenza uvavanyo lwakhe oludumileyo lokuwisa izinto ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo ukusuka phezulu kwiNqaba eNqabileyo. Kwakungenxa yokufunyanwa kolingo awathi uGalileo walikhaba ibango lika-Aristotle lokuba isantya sento ewayo siyalingana ngokuthe ngqo nobunzima bayo. Uye wakhankanya isiphumo solingo kwiphepha lakhe elinesihloko esithi 'De Motu' (KwiMotion). Endaweni yokuthatha umbono ka-Aristotle wesindululo, uGalileo wathatha indlela ka-Archimedean kule ngxaki. Ngenxa yokwala kwakhe umbono ka-Aristotelian, uGalileo wafumana iwonga elingathandwayo eluntwini. Ngo-1592, ikhontrakthi yakhe ayizange ihlaziywe kwiDyunivesithi yasePisa, ngenxa yokuba waphulukana nesikhundla sakhe. Nangona kunjalo, abaxhasi bakaGalileo bamnceda wakhusela isihlalo semathematika ‘kwiYunivesithi yasePadua,’ awayesebenza kuyo kangangeminyaka eli-18. ‘KwiDyunivesithi yasePadua,’ uGalileo wafundisa abafundi abaselula ijiyometri, ubuchwephesha, kunye neenkwenkwezi. Ukutyunjwa kwafika ngexesha elifanelekileyo njengoko uGalileo kwafuneka axhase usapho ngenxa yokusweleka kukayise. Kuba umvuzo owawufunyenwe eyunivesithi wawungonelanga ukuhlawula zonke iindleko zosapho kunye nonyango lomninawa wakhe uMichelagnolo, uGalileo waqala ngokudlulisa izifundo zabucala kubafundi abenza kakuhle ebhodini. Izicatshulwa: NguThixo,Indalo Iinjineli zeAquarius Iifiziksi zaseNtaliyane Izazinzulu zaseNtaliyane Ukufumana kwakhe Kwakuyiminyaka yakhe kwiDyunivesithi yasePadua apho uGalileo wafumanisa khona kakhulu kwicandelo lesayensi esisiseko kunye nesayensi esebenzayo. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ngokusekelwe kwinkcazo engaqinisekanga kaHans Lippershey yeteleskopu esebenzayo, uGalileo wakha iteleskopu eno-3x magnification ngonyaka ka-1609. Akazange ayile eyakhe kuphela iteleskopu, kodwa wakwangcolisa nobuchule bakhe ukuphucula isixhobo. UGalileo wafunda ubugcisa bokusila kwelensi, obamncedayo ukuba avelise iteleskopu enamandla ngakumbi. Wanikezela okufanayo kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu yaseVenice, eyachukumiseka yile nto yayiyilwe. Emva koko, umvuzo wakhe waphindwa kabini, enkosi ngokuyilwa kwakhe. Ngokusebenza ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kweteleskopu, uGalileo wasibethelela esi sixhobo, kangangokuba sasinokuphakama de kube ngama-20 amaxesha. Iteleskopu yamnceda ukuba abe nombono ocacileyo weNyanga kunye nomphezulu wayo. Kwakungenxa yeteleskopu kaGalileo apho ilitye lenyanga nelitye elingalinganiyo laqatshelwa okokuqala. Ngomnyaka we-1610, uGalileo wafumanisa iinyanga ezijikeleze iJupiter. Uye wathi kukho inani leenkwenkwezi kwindalo iphela kunaleyo ibonakala ngamehlo. Waye wafumanisa ukuba iVenus ihamba ngezigaba kanye njengoko iNyanga isenza kwaye uSaturn ujongeka ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iiplanethi. Oku kufunyanwa komhlaba okwenziwe nguGalileo kubhalwe kwincwadi encinci ebizwa ngokuba 'nguSidereus Nuncius' (Umthunywa oQhelekileyo). Le ncwadi wayinikezela kuCosimo II de ’Medici, oyinkosana eyinzalelwane yaseTuscany. Echukunyiswe luphando olwenziwe nguGalileo, iGrand Duke yaseTuscany yamvuza ngokummisela njengengcali yezibalo nefilosofi. Ukufunyanwa kukaGalileo akuzange kungqinise ubunyani bokuba uMhlaba ngumzimba weeplanethi kwaye ujikeleze iLanga. Nangona kunjalo, yagxotha i-Aristotelian cosmology yaza yathanda inkolelo kaCopernicus ethi iLanga liziko lendalo iphela kwaye uMhlaba yiplanethi. Kwakhona ibango lika-Aristotle lomzimba ngamnye kwindalo iphela ngaphandle koMhlaba ogqibeleleyo kwaye ongaguqukiyo nawo wawucelwe umngeni kwaye kwangqinwa uphosakele. Emva koko, uGalileo wajonga into eyenze ukuba izinto ezithile zidade emanzini. Kwakhona, waphikisa uluvo luka-Aristotle lokuba izinto ziyadada ngenxa yesimo sazo esicaba. Endaweni yoko, waphikisa ukuba ukungqubana kubangelwe bubunzima bento ngokunxulumene namanzi ashiyekileyo. Wakhankanya okufanayo kwincwadi yakhe yowe-1612 eyapapashwa ethi 'Floating Bodies.' Kunyaka olandelayo, uGalileo weza nombono wakhe ngamachaphaza elanga, awathi wawachaza kwincwadi yakhe ethi 'Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie solari' (Imbali kunye neMiboniso eConcerning Sunspots and Their Iipropati). Kule ncwadi, uGalileo wayiphikisa imfundiso ka-Aristoteli yokuba iLanga laligqibelele. Qhubeka nokuFunda ngezantsi kukaGalileo wathi inkolelo yeCopernican ayiziphikisi iindinyana zeBhayibhile. Endaweni yoko, yanikezela ngombono owahlukileyo, ochanekileyo ngakumbi malunga nezinto. Nangona kunjalo, wayevinjelwe kwiCawa ngenxa yokukhusela inkolelo yeCopernican. Icawa ikwalela ukuba afundise okanye abambe ithiyori, awayevuma kuyo. Into nganye efunyaniswe nguGalileo yangqina ukungayamkeli kwakhe imbono ka-Aristoteli kunye nokuvuma kwakhe ubuCopernicanism, kangangokuba ekugqibeleni kwayo yonke loo nto, uGalileo waguqukela kwiCopernicanism, neyathi yabonakalisa inguquko ephambili kwezenzululwazi. Ngokuvela kukaPopu Urban VIII omtsha, ngethamsanqa wayengumhlobo, umhlonitshwa kunye nomphathi kaGalileo, uGalileo waphinda waqalisa imisebenzi yakhe kwinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Waye wavunyelwa nokuba apapashe iincwadi, ngenxa yokuba ezakhe iincwadi zibonelela ngombono endaweni yokuxhasa imfundiso kaCopernican. Ngo-1632, uGalileo weza nencwadi yakhe ethi ‘Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems.’ Le ncwadi yathetha ngezimvo nezimvo zabantu abathathu. Ngelixa umntu wokuqala exhasa umbono kaCopernicus osisibhakabhaka welizwe, owesibini waphikisana nawo. Umntu wesithathu wayenenjongo kwaye wayenomgaqo ongakhethiyo wenkolelo. Nangona uGalileo wayesithi le ncwadi ayithathi cala kwaye ayithathi cala, yayisikrweca ngeCawa, kwaye uGalileo wabizelwa eRoma yiCawa. Ngexesha lokuncina kwakhe, uGalileo waphathwa ngembeko kwaye akazange abanjwe. Ngapha koko, wayehlala endlwini yommeli waseTuscan eVatican. Kuphela kwaba lilinge lokugqibela awathi uGalileo wavuma ukuba uyayixhasa imfundiso kaCopernican. Emva kokuncinwa, uGalileo wafunyanwa enetyala loqhekeko kwaye wavalelwa endlwini. Wachitha iinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala kwibhotwe lase-Ascanio Piccolomini, emva koko wafudukela kwilali ekufutshane neArcetri, kwiinduli ezingasentla kweFlorence, apho wachitha khona iintsuku ezimbalwa zokugqibela zobomi bakhe. Ngeentsuku zakhe zokugqibela, uGalileo wasebenza kwincwadi yakhe yokugqibela 'ezimbini zeSayensi eNtsha,' eyashwankathela konke akufumeneyo kwinzululwazi yokunyakaza kunye namandla ezinto. Incwadi yashicilelwa eHolland ngo-1638.Izazi zeenkwenkwezi zaseNtaliyane Izithandi zobulumko zaseNtaliyane Iingcali zeMathematics Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa UGalileo wayenobudlelwane nomfazi waseVenetian ogama linguMarina Gamba. Esi sibini sasikelelwa ngabantwana abathathu; Iintombi ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba nguVirginia noLivia; kunye nonyana ogama linguVincenzo. Qhubeka nokuFunda ezantsi Zombini ezi ntombi zazibhaliswe kwikhaya loonongendi 'leSan Matteo' eArcetri, apho bahlala khona ubomi babo bonke. Baba ngoonongendi, ngelixa uVincenzo esenza umsebenzi wokuba lutenist. UGalileo wemka waya kuhlala ezulwini ngoJanuwari 8, 1642, emva kokuphathwa ngumkhuhlane kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. UFerdinando II, iDuke waseTuscany, wayenqwenela ukungcwaba umzimba kaGalileo ecaleni kookhokho bakhe kwiqumrhu eliphambili le-Basilica yaseSanta Croce. Nangona kunjalo, akazange akwazi ukwenza oko ngelaxesha likaPopu nomtshana wakhe uKhadinali Francesco Barberini bamgweba uGalileo ngenxa yowexuko. Umzimba wakhe ke wangcwatyelwa kwigumbi elincinci ecaleni kwendlu yee-novice. Ngo-1737, izidumbu zakhe zangcwatywa kwakhona kumzimba omkhulu wecawa. Isikhumbuzo, esikhoyo kude kube ngumhla, sasimiswa njengembeko. Ngexesha lotshintsho, iminwe yakhe emithathu kunye nezinyo zisuswe kumzimba wakhe. Omnye wale minwe okwangoku uboniswa 'eMuseo Galileo' eFlorence, e-Itali. Kwakule nkulungwane yama-20 kuphela apho oPopu abaliqela bavumayo umsebenzi omkhulu negalelo likaGalileo kwicandelo leenkwenkwezi. Ngokudlala indima ephambili kuhlaziyo lwenzululwazi, uGalileo wafumana igama lesidlaliso esithi 'uBawo weSayensi yaNgoku. Izinto ezininzi zithiywe ngaye, kubandakanya neenyanga zaseGalile zikaJupiter, isiphekepheke saseGalileo, iAsteroid 697 iGalilea, inkqubo ecetywayo yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya yaseGalileo, kunye nenguquko yaseGalili, inguquko phakathi kweenkqubo ze-inertial kwi-classical mechanics. Ukongeza, ingqekembe yeminyaka eqokelelweyo ye-Astronomy eqokelela umfanekiso wakhe. UGalileo uzukisiwe kwinkcubeko edumileyo. Kukho imidlalo emininzi, iinoveli kunye neemovie ezibonisa ubomi bakhe kunye nefilosofi yesayensi. Izicatshulwa: Wena Amadoda e-Aquarius Inqaku Uyaziwa ngokuba ‘nguBawo weNzululwazi yale mihla’ ngokudlala indima enkulu kutshintsho lwenzululwazi. Umbono wakhe welanga osesibhakabhakeni wawuphikisana neembono zeCawa yamaRoma Katolika eyayikholelwa ukuba umhlaba umi. Usosayensi omkhulu, ngoncedo lweteleskopu yakhe, wafumanisa ukuba iNyanga yayinendawo engalinganiyo enamatye, eyichitha inkolelo ka-Aristotelian yokuba yayingumgangatho ogqibeleleyo.