Usuku lokuzalwa: Nge-7 kaJuni , Ngo-1917 Abantu abadumileyo abamnyama bazalwa nge-7 kaJuni
Wafa eneminyaka: 83
Umqondiso welanga: IGemini
Kwaziwa njenge:UGwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks
Uzalwe e:Topeka, Kansas
Idume njenge:Imbongi
Iingcaphuno zikaGwendolyn Brooks Abafazi base-Afrika baseMelika
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UHenry Blakely, uHenry Lowington Blakely Jr. (m. 1939 - wasweleka ngo-1996)
utata: Umhlaza
U.S. Urhulumente: EKansas,Umntu wase-Afrika-waseMelika ovela eKansas
Isixeko: Topeka, Kansas
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:Ikholeji yaseKennedy-King, iAnglewood Technical Prep Academy, iHyde Park Academy High School, iWendell Phillips Academy High School
amabhaso:Ngo-1992- imbasa yeAiken Taylor
Ngo-1995-iShelley Memorial Award
Kuyacetyiswa Wena
UDavid Brooks USylvia Plath UJack Kerouac UAllen GinsbergWayengubani uGwendolyn Brooks?
UGwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks wayeyimbongi eyaziwayo yemvelaphi yase-Afrika naseMelika, owaphumelela i-‘Pulitzer Prize ’kwingqokelela yakhe yemibongo ka-1949‘ Annie Allen ’. Wazalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 eKansas, e-U.S.A., Kodwa usapho lwakhe lwafudukela eChicago xa lalineeveki ezintandathu kuphela ubudala. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ukuba ichithe ixesha elininzi lobomi bayo emazantsi, kodwa ikwabonwa njengeChicago organic kuba ukuhlala apho kwamnika ubuninzi babalinganiswa abanqwenelekayo. Emva kokujamelana nokungabikho kokusesikweni ngenxa yombala wolusu, waqala ukubhala imibongo ebuntwaneni bakhe njengendawo yokuphefumlela iingcinga zakhe. Wayepapashe umbongo wakhe wokuqala eneminyaka eli-13. Kungekudala, waqonda ukuba ufuna ukuba yimbongi kwaye waqala wasebenzela loo njongo. Ekugqibeleni, ingqokelela yakhe yokuqala yemibongo ethi 'Isitalato eBronzeville' yapapashwa xa wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibhozo. Ngelixa le ncwadi yamzisela udumo kwangoko, incwadi yakhe elandelayo ethi 'Annie Allen' yamzuzela ibhaso 'lePulitzer Prize' nakwimibongo. Umbhali onobunkunkqele wapapasha iincwadi ezininzi ebomini bakhe, ezibandakanya inoveli kunye nebhayiloji yakhe, awayezuze kuyo amabhaso ahlukeneyo kunye nembeko. U-Brooks wayekwangutitshala odumileyo, owachitha iminyaka yakhe kamva exhasa iindibano zocweyo kunye nokukhuthaza abanye ukuba babhale.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yQ7hOjX9v0 (C)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBpxJb24O8A (UTim Gracyk)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gwendolyn_Brooks#/media/File:Gwendolyn_Brooks.jpg (IKingkongphoto kunye ne-www.celebrity-photos.com evela eLaurel Maryland, e-USA [CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVZ6KTLN7O8 (hocopolitso)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dSULGISVqY (uvimba weposi)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWA6V3OaoR8 (C)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3RqadW5azY (uvimba weposi)Iimbongi zeGemini Iimbongi Zabafazi Ababhali beGemini Umsebenzi wokuBhala kwangoko Emva kokuthweswa isidanga ekholejini ngo-1936, uGwendolyn Brooks wakufumanisa kunzima ukufumana umsebenzi, ikakhulu ngenxa yebala lakhe lolusu. Ekugqibeleni, waqeshwa njengomncedisi ku-E. M. French weSakhiwo saseMecca kwaye wanikwa umsebenzi wokuthengisa amakhubalo kunye nemixube kubahlali, umsebenzi awufumanise ungathandeki kwaphela. Emva kweenyanga ezine, wagxothwa emsebenzini kuba engafuni ukunyuselwa kwisikhundla sokuba ngumshumayeli. Ngeli xesha, waphinde waba nenkuthalo kwi-'Bhunga loLutsha loMbutho weSizwe woPhuculo lwaBantu abaBala '. Ngo-1937, waba ngumlawuli wolwazi kwisahluko sayo saseChicago. U-Brooks watshata ngo-1939 waza wazala umntwana wakhe wokuqala emva konyaka. Ngelixa usapho lwakhe lwaba yinto ephambili kuye, uqhubeke nokubhala ngexesha lakhe lasimahla, ejoyina 'iQela lababhali baseMzantsi' ngamanye amaxesha ngeli xesha. Ngomnyaka we-1941, waya kwiworkshop yokubhala ngu-Inez Cunningham Stark, inenekazi elimhlophe elinobutyebi elinemvelaphi eyomeleleyo. Endibanweni, wadibana neembongi ezivela kuluntu olumhlophe nolumnyama, olwandise umbono wakhe kwaye lwamnceda ukuba aqonde nzulu ngeendlela ezisetyenziswa ziimbongi zala maxesha. Ngokukhuthazwa nguStark, waqala ukubonakala kukhuphiswano kwaye waphumelela i-'Midwest Writers 'Conference Prize' ngo-1943, 1944 nango-1945. La mabhaso amnceda watsala umdla wabapapashi. Ekugqibeleni, ezimbini zemibongo yakhe zapapashwa kwiphephancwadi lika'Poetry 'likaNovemba 1944. Ngo-1943, wahambisa ingqokelela yemibongo yakhe kuHarper & Brothers, owayethunyelwe ngumhleli kuRichard Wright kuvavanyo. Ngelixa uWright ewuncoma umsebenzi wakhe, wamcebisa ukuba abhale umbongo omde, ephethe iimvakalelo ezininzi zobuqu, ukuze agqibe incwadi yemibongo. Kwingcebiso kaWright, uBrooks wabhala 'NgeeCawe zikaSatin-umlenze kaSmiths'. Ekugqibeleni, incwadi yakhe yokuqala yemibongo ethi ‘A Street in Bronzeville’ yapapashwa ngo-1945. Ngelo xesha, wayesele efikelele kwinqanaba lokuvuthwa kwakhe kwimibongo kwaye nemisebenzi yakhe yayiqalisile ukubonakalisa ubunzima bempilo yanamhlanje.
Iimbongi zaseMelika Ababhali baseMelika Iimbongi zaseMelika zaseMelika Ukufumana Udumo 'Isitalato esiseBronzeville' sazuza udumo olunamandla kwangoko ngokubonisa ubomi baseBronzeville, ingingqi ekumazantsi eChicago. Nangona imibongo kaGwendolyn Brooks ibonakalisa amava amnyama, ibingengobantu nje ‘bemibongo yeNegro’, kodwa ibinomtsalane kwindalo iphela. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi kwi-1946, wamkela i-'Guggenheim Fsoci 'yakhe yokuqala kwaye wabandakanywa kuluhlu' lwaBasetyhini abancinci abancinci bonyaka 'wephephancwadi' iMademoiselle '. Ngethuba elithile ngoku, wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala ukuya ezantsi kwiseshoni yesibongo somtshato kwi-'Howard naseYunivesithi yaseAtlanta '. Ngelixa uBrooks eqhubeka nokubhala imibongo, waphinda wanyusa imeko yakhe kwaye waqalisa ukubhala uphononongo lweencwadi. Ngo-1949, wapapasha ingqokelela yakhe yesibini yemibongo. Inesihloko esithi 'Annie Allen', incwadi yamzuzela iimbasa ezininzi, kubandakanya nomvuzo 'wePulitzer Prize'. Ngo-1953 wapapasha incwadi yakhe ebalisayo, inoveli esekwe kumava akhe. Inesihloko esithi 'Maud Martha', ibalisa ibali lentombazana emnyama, ejongene nocalucalulo kungekuphela kubantu abamhlophe, kodwa nakwabamnyama abanombala okhanyayo okhanyayo. Nangona kunjalo, akaze anikezele. Ingqokelela yakhe yemibongo ebizwa ngokuba yi 'Bronzeville Boys and Girls' yapapashwa ngo-1956. Yalandelwa yi-'The Bean Eaters ', neyayipapasha ngo-1960. ulutsha, imvukelo kunye nokuziphatha. Kancinci, udumo lwakhe lwaqala ukusasazeka. Ngo-1962, uBrooks wamenywa nguMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy ukuba afunde kumnyhadala wemibongo ‘kwiThala leeNcwadi leCongress. Imvulele inketho entsha yomsebenzi, nanjengoko waye waqeshwa njengomqeqeshi wokubhala ngobuchule 'e-Columbia College Chicago'. Ngexesha le-1960s, naye waba nenkuthalo kwimiboniso yenkcubeko yase-Afrika-yaseMelika eChicago kwaye wabamba inani leendibano zabaculi abamnyama kunye nezifundiswa ekhayeni lakhe. Kwezi ndibano, abamenyiweyo baxoxa ngemiba yobugcisa kunye nezopolitiko.Abafazi baseGemini Ukufunyanwa kwakhona kweZazisi zaseAfrika UGwendolyn Brooks wazimasa iNkomfa yaBabhali abaMnyama abaBini 'kwiYunivesithi yaseFisk' eNashville ngo-1967. Apha waphinda wafumanisa ukuba ungubani omnyama kwaye waziqonda ngakumbi iingxaki zabantu abamnyama. Ngelixa wayebhala malunga nemicimbi emnyama kwasekuqaleni kobuchule bakhe bokubhala, ngoku wayezimisele ukungalalanisi ngenxa yobugcisa. Amava akhe kwi ‘Yunivesithi yaseFisk’ abe nempembelelo ebonakalayo kwimibhalo yakhe elandelayo, ebonakala kakhulu kwincwadi ethi ‘In the Mecca’, eyapapashwa ngo-1968. Imibongo ekule ngqokelela, ubukhulu becala ingumbongo wesihloko, yayinamandla kwaye irhabaxa. Nangona kunjalo, babengenabukrakra bengaziphindezeli. Ngo-1968, ingqokelela ye-Brooks ethi ‘Ye-Illinois 1968: Umbongo weSesquicentennial’ yapapashwa. Le yayiyincwadi yakhe yokugqibela phantsi kwebhanti yeHarper & Brothers. Ukuze akhulise amashishini amnyama kunye noncwadi, washiya uHarper ngokuthanda i-Broadside Press, inkampani encinci eqhutywa nguDudley Randall. Qhubeka nokuFunda ezantsi kwencwadi yakhe ethi 'Riot' yapapashwa phantsi kwesibhengezo se-Broadside Press ngo-1969. Yalandelwa yi-'Family Pictures '(1970),' Aloneness '(1971) kunye ne' Report from Part One: An Autobiography '(1972) . Phakathi kowe-1971 nowe-1972, wahlela ingqokelela emibini yemibongo, 'uNondyebo obanzi' kunye 'nokutsiba okungalunganga: iNew Anthology yaseChicago'. Ngelixa epapasha ingqokelela eninzi kwii-1970s, imisebenzi yakhe ayifumananga nakuphi na ukukhankanywa kumaphephandaba. Abanye abagxeki baphinde baveza inkxalabo malunga nobume bezopolitiko kwimibhalo yakhe ukusukela ngeli xesha. I-Brooks, nangona kunjalo, yayikholelwa ukuba iziseko ngokoqobo zazingafuni ukukhuthaza abapapashi abamnyama. Nangona kunjalo, uqhubeke nokuxhasa iinkampani zabapapashi abamnyama. Kwii-1970s, wafundisa kwiYunivesithi yase 'Northeastern Illinois', 'iChicago State University', 'Elmhurst College', 'Columbia University', 'Clay College yaseNew York' kunye 'neYunivesithi yaseWisconsin-Madison' . Uchithe iholide zehlobo ekhaya, efunda kwaye ebhala. Akwaziwa nini, kodwa wandwendwela neKenya neTanzania ngexesha lekhefu lakhe lasehlotyeni. Ngaphandle kweshedyuli yakhe exakekileyo, uBrooks uqhubeke nokubhala, epapasha inani lemisebenzi yakhe ngokulandelelana ngokukhawuleza. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho 'iPrimer yaBantsundu' (1980), 'Primer Poet's Primer' (1980), 'Ukuhla' (1981), 'Uthando Olumnyama' (1982) kunye 'noSodolophu uHarold Washington; kwaye, eChicago, i-Will City '(1983). Ngaphandle kokukhula kwakhe, uqhubekile nokubhala, epapasha i-The Near-Johannesburg Boy, kunye nezinye iiMbongo ngo 1987 kunye no ‘Winnie’ ngo 1988. Ingxelo ngobomi bakhe ethi ‘Report from Part Two’, eyapapashwa ngo 1996, yayingumsebenzi wakhe wokugqibela ophambili. Kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela, uBrooks wachitha ixesha elininzi kunye namandla exhasa iindibano zocweyo zababhali ukukhuthaza ababhali abancinci. Kwangelo xesha, wathatha imibongo yakhe wayisa ebantwini, efunda imibongo ezikolweni, kwiiyunivesithi kunye nakwiikhefi ukukhuthaza abantwana abangaphakathi edolophini ukuba babone imibongo ebomini babo. 
Imisebenzi emikhulu UGwendolyn Brooks ukhunjulwa kakhulu ngengqokelela yemibongo ka-1949 'Annie Allen'. Umsebenzi, wohlulwe waba ziinxalenye ezintathu, uxela ibali lohambo lwentombazana yase-Afrika yaseMelika ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya ebufazini, ibonisa indlela intombazana ephuphayo neyokuzingca eguqula ngayo ibe ngumbono oqinisekileyo. 'EMecca' (1968) ngomnye wemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwayo. Inxalenye yokuqala iqulathe umbongo omde obalisayo, elanda amanyathelo kamama ekhangela intombi yakhe elahlekileyo ngeMecca, isakhiwo esikhulu sezindlu eChicago. Inxalenye yesibini iqulethe imisebenzi yomntu ngamnye kwaye ibandakanya umbongo wakhe odumileyo 'Malcolm X'. Amabhaso kunye neMpumelelo Ngo-1950, uGwendolyn Brooks wafumana i-‘Pulitzer Prize ’kwimibongo ngomsebenzi wakhe wowe-1949,‘ uAnnie Allen ’. Ufumene amabhaso amaninzi ngenkonzo yakhe ebalaseleyo kuncwadi, kubandakanya 'uRobert Frost Medal woBomi bokuPhumelela' (1989), 'Anisfield-Wolf Book Award' (1969), 'Shelley Memorial Award' (1976), 'iNcwadi yeSizwe yeNcwadi yeMbasa Igalelo eliBalulekileyo kwiileta zaseMelika '(1994) kunye' neMedali kaZwelonke yoBugcisa '(1995). Ngo-1985-1986, uBrooks waba ngumfazi wokuqala ontsundu ukuqeshwa njengomcebisi ngemibongo kwi ‘Library of Congress’. Ngo-1968, waqeshwa ukuba abe ‘yiMbongi eLaurel yaseIllinois’, ebambe esi sikhundla de wasweleka. Wanikwa nembasa ethi 'Order of Lincoln', elona wonga liphezulu nelanikwa ngurhulumente wase-Illinois, ngo-1997. I-Brooks yaba ngumfazi wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika ukunyanzeliswa kwi-American Academy of Arts and Letters ngo-1976. Usapho kunye noBomi baBakho UGwendolyn Brooks watshata noHenry Lowington Blakely, Omnci, imbongi kunye naye, ngoSeptemba 1939. UBlakely kwafuneka ancame umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala kwaye asebenze njengomcebisi kwezorhwebo ukuze aziphilise ukuze aqhubeke nokuxhasa iminqweno yombhali yomfazi wakhe. Babenabantwana ababini, uHenry Lowington Blakely III kunye noNora Brooks Blakely. NgoDisemba 3, 2000, uBrooks wabulawa ngumhlaza wamabele, ekhayeni lakhe eChicago.
