Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoSeptemba 19 ,1551
Wafa eneminyaka: 37
Umqondiso welanga: Intombazana
Kwaziwa njenge:UHenry III
Uzalwe e:Ibhotwe leFontainebleau, Fontainebleau
Idume njenge:Kumkani waseFrance
Abalawuli kunye neeKumkani Amadoda amaFrentshi
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:ULouise waseLorraine (m. 1575-1589)
utata: Ukubulawa
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UMargaret waseValois UHenry II waseFrance UFrancis II we-F ... UCharles IX we-F ...Wayengubani uHenry III waseFrance?
UHenry III waseFrance wayengukumkani wokugqibela waseFrance kwiNdlu yaseValois. Wayelawula njengoKumkani we-Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ukusuka kwi-1573 ukuya kwi-1575 kunye no-King wase-France ukusuka ngo-1574 de kwasekufeni kwakhe. UHenry III wayengunyana wesine kayise u-King Henry II wase-France kwaye kwakungalindelwanga ukuba anyukele kwitrone yase-France. Ngo-1573 wanyulwa njenge-King / Grand Duke ye-Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Wayelawula apho iminyaka emibini, ngexesha apho amaNqaku aseHenrician atyikitywa emthethweni. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-22 ubudala, umzalwana wakhe osindileyo kunye noKumkani waseFransi uCharles IX wabulawa sisifo sephepha ngaphandle kwempikiswano yendoda kwaye uHenry III wabuya wasibamba isihlalo sobukhosi sasePoland-Lithuanian ukuba abe ngukumkani omtsha waseFransi. Ngeli xesha, iFrance yayikwimfazwe yeeNkolo. UHenry III wayengenalo ulawulo kubukumkani bakhe njengoko igunya lakhe lalisoloko lingahoywa ngamaqela anobundlobongela axhaswa ngemali ngamanye amazwe, afana ne-Catholic League, i-Huguenots yamaProtestanti, kunye ne-Malcontents. Emva kokufa komntakwabo kuphela ophilayo, uHenry III ongenamntwana wasala engenandlalifa. Iimfazwe zeNkolo emva koko zatshintshela kwimbambano elandelelanayo, iMfazwe yamaHenry amathathu. UHenry III wabulawa ngo-1589 ngumlandeli wamaKatolika, owaphelisa ngokufanelekileyo umthetho weNdlu yaseValois eFrance.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_France#/media/File:Anjou_1570louvre.jpg (Inikwe uJean de Court [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_France (UQuesnel Henry III waseFrance ngesigqoko sasePoland)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Delpech_-_Henry_III_of_France.jpg (UFrançois Séraphin Delpech [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnel_-_Portrait_de_Henri_III._de_la_Pologne_et_de_la_France.jpg (UFrançois Quesnel [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Portrait_of_Henry_III_of_France,_1551-1589._Wellcome_L0004004.jpg (Jonga iphepha lombhali [CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)]) Ngaphambili Okulandelayo Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala UHenry III wazalwa nguAlexandre Édouard de France ngoSeptemba 19, 1551, kwibhotwe laseChâteau de Fontainebleau eParis, eFrance, kuKumkani uHenry II noCatherine de 'Medici. Wayenabantakwabo abasithoba abasemthethweni: UFrancis II waseFrance; U-Elizabeth, uKumkanikazi waseSpain; UClaude, iDuchess yaseLorraine; ULouis, iDuke waseOrléans; UCharles IX waseFrance; UMargaret, uKumkanikazi waseFrance; UFrancis, iDuke waseAnjou; UVictoria waseValois; kunye noJoan waseValois. Wayenabantakwabo abathathu ngokungekho mthethweni ngoyise: UDiane, duchesse d'Angoulême, uHenri d'Angoulême, noHenri de Saint-Rémy. Ngo-1560, utata wakhe wamnika izihloko ze-Duke yase-Angoulême kunye ne-Duke yase-Orléans kwaye ngo-1566, igama lika-Duke wase-Anjou. Ngexesha lobuncinci bakhe, wamkelwa ngumama wakhe ngaphezu kwabo nabantakwabo. Wayembiza ngokuba yi-cher yeux ('amehlo axabisekileyo') kwaye naxa sele emdala, waqhubeka nokufumana uthando olukhulu kunye nokuqwalaselwa ngunina. Oku kubonakala ngathi kwamcaphukisa umntakwabo, uCharles, naye owayemcaphukela ngenxa yempilo yakhe ebhetele. UHenry III wayejongwa njengoyena nyana ubalaseleyo kubazali bakhe. Wayengakuthandi ukuzibandakanya kwimidlalo yendabuko yeValois yokuzingela kunye nokuzilolonga ngokomzimba njengoyise nabantakwabo. Endaweni yokuba, ephenjelelwe ngokunzulu yimvelaphi kamama wase-Italiya, uHenry III waba nomdla wokufunda kunye nobugcisa. Wayekwanesiphiwo sokuqina kwaye wayehlala echitha ixesha lokonwabela umdlalo. Ngelixa wayesemdala, wayethambekele kubuProtestanti njengendlela yokuvukela abazali bakhe. Waqala ukubhekisa kuye njengo Huguenot omncinci, emva kweqela lenkolo yamaProtestanti aseFrance alandela isithethe esiHlaziyiweyo. Wayedla ngokungabikho eMthendelekweni kwaye waqala ukucengceleza iindumiso zamaProtestanti kudadewabo uMargaret ngelixa emcenga ukuba atshintshe inkolo yakhe kwaye amphose kwiNcwadi yeYure emlilweni. Ngapha koko, wabhalwa ukuba ulume impumlo yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaPaul Paul. Ekugqibeleni, umama wakhe kwanyanzeleka ukuba angenelele kwaye athethe ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ukuba akazukuyonwabela le ndlela yokuziphatha kuye nawuphi na wabantwana bakhe. UHenry III wathoba isidima emva koku kwaye akazange aphinde abonakalise naziphi na iindlela zobuProtestanti. Ngapha koko, wahlala engumRoma Katolika ngegama bonke ubomi bakhe. UHenry III wayezibandakanya kwiiMfazwe zeNkolo kwangaphambi kokuba abe ngukumkani. Wayeyinxalenye yomkhosi wasebukhosini kwaye wayethathe inxaxheba kwidabi laseJarnac (ngo-Matshi 1569) nakwidabi laseMoncontour (ngo-Okthobha u-1569), zozibini ezakhokelela kwimpumelelo yasebukhosini kwi-Huguenots. NjengoDuke waseAnjou, uHenry III walungiselela iSt. Bartholomew's Day Massacre yowe-1572. Wayekwangunkokeli wemikhosi yasebukhosini ngexesha lokungqingwa kweLa Rochelle (1572-73). Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Lawula njengoKumkani wasePoland kunye noGrand Duke waseLithuania NgoJulayi 7, 1572, umlawuli wasePoland uSigismund II Augustus wasweleka emva koko, uHenry III wacetyiswa njengomphathi wobukhosi basePoland ngozakuzaku waseFrance uJean de Monluc. Unyulo lwabanjwa ngoMeyi 16, 1573, kwaye uHenry III wanyulwa njengenkosi yokuqala eyonyuliweyo ye-Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Ummiselo omnye wokuba kufuneka aqhubeke nokuba ngukumkani wasePoland yayikukutyikitya iPacta conventa kunye namaNqaku eHenrician, efunga ngokufanelekileyo ukunyamezelana nenkolo kwiPoland-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Nangona wayengazithandi izithintelo kwimisebenzi yakhe emitsha, wawasayina amaxwebhu kwaye nge-13 kaSeptemba 1573, kumsitho ophambi kweParlement yaseParis, wafumana 'isatifikethi sonyulo kwitrone yasePoland-Lithuania' evela ePoland abathunywa. Ufike ePoland ngoJanuwari 1574 kwaye wathweswa isithsaba eKraków nge-21 kaFebruwari. IPoland nabantu bayo banika ukumkani omncinci umothuko wenkcubeko angaze alibale. Yena nabahlobo bakhe bothuswa ziinkcubeko ezininzi zasePoland kwaye batyhafiswa bubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo obuqhubeka kwilali yasePoland. Abantu basePoland, nabo, babezibuza ukuba ingaba onke amaFrentshi anenkxalabo malunga nesinxibo sabo njengokumkani. UCharles IX wabulawa sisifo sephepha ngoMeyi 30, 1574, kwaye wayengenaye umntwana oyindoda ngokusemthethweni kunye nomfazi wakhe, u-Elisabeth wase-Austria. Xa uHenry weva ngokudlula komntakwabo, wemka waya eFrance, eshiya iPoland kwingxaki yomgaqo-siseko. Kumkani waseFrance Ukubekwa etroneni kukaHenry III kwenzeka ngoFebruwari 13, 1575, eReims Cathedral. Kunyaka kamva, watyobela iEdict of Beaulieu, enika amaHuguenot ilungelo lokunqula esidlangalaleni ngenxa yonqulo lwawo. Ngelixa esi senzo samzuzela abaxhasi phakathi kwamaHuguenot, saphinda samzisela iintshaba ezintsha phakathi kwamaKatolika. UHenry I, uDuke waseGuise, owayelitshantliziyo lamaKatolika, waseka uManyano lwamaKatolika. Umninawa wakhe omncinci uFrancis wasweleka nge-10 kaJuni, ngo-1584 kwaye njengoko uHenry III wayengenabo abantwana okanye abantakwabo ngokusemthethweni, phantsi komthetho weSalic, uHenry waseNavarre, inzala kaLouis IX (Saint Louis), ongumProtestanti nomyeni kaHenry III Udade, uMargaret waseValois, waba yindlalifa yakhe. Iimfazwe eziqhubekayo zeNkolo ngokuthe ngcembe zajika zaya kwiMfazwe yooHenry abathathu njengoko uHenry I, uDuke waseGuise wanyanzela uHenry III ukuba avakalise umthetho owawukhangela ubuProtestanti kwaye walitshitshisa ilungelo likaHenry waseNavarre kwitrone yaseFrance. Ngomhla we-12 kuMeyi, ngo-1588, uHenry I, uDuke waseGuise wangena eParis phakathi kwemvukelo kawonke-wonke eyayichasene nokumkani eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Day of the Barricades. Wanconywa njengegorha lesixeko samaKatolika esomeleleyo ngelixa urhulumente ophakathi, ongathandabuzekiyo, onamathandabuzo ka-Henry III wayejongwa njengabacinezeli. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba uHenry III abaleke esixekweni. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba iArmada yaseSpain yoyisiwe yi-Queen Elizabeth I yaseNgilani ngo-1588, uHenry III waziva isoyikiso senkxaso yangaphandle kwi-Catholic League yehlile. NgoDisemba 23, 1588, uHenry III wabiza intlanganiso phakathi kwakhe noDuke waseGuise eChâteau de Blois. Ubhuti we-Duke, uLouis II, uKhadinali waseGuise, wayesele elapho. Waxelelwa ukuba ukumkani wayemlinde kwigumbi labucala elihlangene negumbi lokulala lasebukhosini. Ukufika kwakhe apho, yena nomntakwabo babulawa ngoonogada basebukhosini. UHenry wavalela nonyana wenjengele. Ukubulala kwabangela ingqumbo enkulu esixekweni, apho isikhulu sasithandwa kakhulu. Ukumkani wabekwa ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho nguParlement kwaye wayengenandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokufikelela kwindlalifa yakhe, u-Henry wase Navarre. Ekuphenduleni iParlement eParis eyayilawulwa yi-Catholic League, uHenry III wamisa ipalamente yakhe eTours ngoJuni 1589. Umtshato kunye noBomi baBakho Ngo-1570, kwacingwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uHenry III athandane noKumkanikazi uElizabeth I waseNgilani. Wayeneminyaka eli-18 okanye eli-19 ngelo xesha kwaye wayeneminyaka engama-37 ubudala. UElizabeth ngokwakhe wabaqalisa, nangona ababhali-mbali bakuthatha oku njengendlela yokuvuselela inkxalabo yaseSpain kunayo nayiphi na inzala enzulu. UHenry III wayengalithandi kakhulu eli themba kwaye wabiza ukumkanikazi waseNgilandi i-putain publique (ihenyukazi loluntu). Ekugqibeleni, akukho nto ibangelwe zezi ngxoxo. UHenry III waba ngukumkani, waza umninawa wakhe uFrancis wangena ezihlangwini zakhe njengomlamli kaElizabeth. Ngexesha elithile ngaphambi kowe-1574, uHenry waba nomdla kuMarie waseCleves, owayesaziwa ngobuhle bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, wayesele etshatile noHenri I de Bourbon, inkosana kaCondé. Emva kokuba ngukumkani, uHenry III wafuna ukufumana uMarie uqhawulo mtshato kumyeni wakhe ukuze naye atshate naye. Unina wakuchasa oko; Ukuzikhethela kwakhe ngu-Princess Elizabeth waseSweden. Nangona kunjalo, uMarie wabulawa sisifo semiphunga ngo-1574 ngaphambi kokuba uHenry aqalise isicwangciso sakhe. NgoFebruwari 15, 1575, kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokubekwa kwakhe etroneni, uHenry III watshata noLouise waseLorraine, intombi kaNicholas waseLorraine, uDuke waseMercœur, kunye noCountess Marguerite d'Egmont. Umama kaLouise wasweleka esemncinci kwaye emva koko wakhuliswa ngutata kunye nomama wakhe wesibini, uCatherine waseLorraine. Wayengonwabanga ebuntwaneni, engathandwa ngutata okanye ngumama wakhe wesibini. Qhubeka nokuFunda ezantsi kukaHenry III kuqala wabona uLouise ngamanye amaxesha emva kokuba enguKumkani wasePoland kwaye wothuswa yindlela awayefana ngayo noMarie. Emva kokusweleka kweNkosazana kaCondé, uHenry wachitha iinyanga ezilile kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, ngokuchasene neminqweno kanina, wagqiba ekubeni atshate noLouise kwaye wathumela uceba wakhe kunye nesithandwa sakhe, uCheverney, eLouise nakwintsapho yakhe ukuba babazise ngenjongo yakhe. Ngaphandle kokuthandabuza kokuqala, uCatherine wayeza kumthanda umolokazana wakhe ongathobekanga, ongcwele kwaye ozolileyo. ULouise phantse wayemnqula umyeni wakhe, owayesoloko emhoyile. Umanyano aluzange luvelise bantwana, lubangela usizi olukhulu kubo bobabini uHenry III noLouise. Uxelwe ukuba waphunyelwa sisisu ngo-1576 kodwa akukho bungqina bembali bukhoyo. Kwakukho iingqikelelo ngo-1584 zokuba uHenry wayefuna ukumala kodwa oko kwabonakala kungenasihlahla. Imithombo yangoku yaqikelela ukuba wayenolwalamano ngokwesondo kunye namalungu aliqela esangqa sakhe sangaphakathi kwinkundla yaseFrance. Esi sangqa sangaphakathi senkundla eyintandokazi kakumkani sasisaziwa njengee-mignon. Ngelixa kungenakuphikwa ukuba inkosi yayinobudlelwane obuluqilima kunye nabo, uninzi lwembali yanamhlanje aluvumelani. Bachaza ukuba uHenry III wayeneempazamo ezininzi kwaye uninzi lwazo lwalusaziwa kakhulu kanti akukho namnye wabathandi bakhe abangamadoda owakhe wachongwa. Ngokwababhali-mbali, uHenry III wayeneentshaba ezininzi kwaye yayifeza injongo yabo yokuba ukumkani abonakaliswe njengongqingili. Basebenzisa ithuba lakhe lokungazithembi emfazweni nasekuzingeleni ukuze bambonise njengoyena mntu uqinisekileyo kunye nokungahoyi ukuma kwakhe noluntu lwaseFrance. Uhlaselo lobuqu lweentshaba kukumkani lwaya luqina ngakumbi ngenxa yento ababeyithatha njengokungakwazi kukakumkani ukuvelisa indlalifa. Ubufanasini ngelo xesha babugqalwa njengobungendawo bobusathana. Yonke le nto yafikelela kwintiyo phakathi kwabantu baseFrance abanenkolo entle ngokumkani wabo. Ngapha koko, iCawa yamaKatolika yayifuna ukususa inkosi eyayinyamezeleke endaweni yayo, yathanda uKhadinali uCharles de Bourbon. Ukufa kunye nelifa UHenry III wayekuqonda ukubaluleka kokubuyela eParis. Wakhokela imikhosi yakhe esixekweni kwaye ngo-Agasti 1, 1589, wayehlala eSaint-Cloud. Intshatsheli yempambano yaseDominican egama linguJacques Clément yafuna ukubona inkosi isithi inamaxwebhu abalulekileyo okumbonisa. UClément wanika ukumkani isixa samaphepha kwaye wamxelela ukuba unemiyalezo ebalulekileyo nefihlakeleyo ekufuneka emnike yona. UHenry III wayalela oonogada bakhe ukuba babuyele emfihlakalweni kunye noClément, beqonda ithuba lakhe, wahlaba uHenry III esiswini sakhe. Oonogada babulala uClément kwangoko. Inxeba lokumkani ekuqaleni lalingakhange libonakale liyabulala kodwa wabiza onke amagosa akhe ngeenxa zonke kwaye wabayalela ukuba banyaniseke kulowo wangena ezihlangwini zakhe uHenry waseNavarre njengokuba babenjalo kuye. UHenry III wasweleka nge-2 ka-Agasti, umhla apho wayefanele akhokele uhlaselo eParis. UHenry waseNavarre wangena ezihlangwini zakhe kwitrone yaseFrance, emisela iRoyal House yaseBourbon, eyayifana neValois, eyayiliCadet yesebe lobukhosi baseCapetian bokufa kukaHenry III kwabhiyozelwa eParis. Abanye bade bakuchaza njengokubulawa kukaThixo. Wangcwatyelwa eSaint Denis Basilica. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, uLouise, ngoku owaziwa njenge-White Queen ngenxa yesinxibo sakhe esimhlophe sokuzila, wabhenela ku-Henry IV ukuba asuse ukugxothwa kwendoda yakhe, eyayinyanzelwe emva kokubulawa kuka Khadinali de Guise. U-Louise wasweleka nge-29 kaJanuwari ngo-1601, kwaye waqala waxoxwa kwiConvent yeCapuchins. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1817, amathambo akhe ahanjiswa ukuba angcwatywe kunye nomyeni wakhe. Umlingiswa kaHenry III ubonakele kwiiprojekthi ezisasaza iifilimu, iinkqubo zeTV, imidlalo yeqonga, iinoveli, kunye nemibongo, kubandakanya inoveli eyaziwayo ka-Alexandre Dumas, 'La Reine Margot' (1845).
