Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoJanuwari 3 , Ngo-1892
Wafa eneminyaka: 81
Umqondiso welanga: Capricorn
Kwaziwa njenge:UJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Mzantsi Afrika
Uzalwe e:IBloemfontein, eMzantsi Afrika
Idume njenge:Umbhali
Iingcaphuno zikaJ. R. R. Tolkien Iimbongi
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UEdith Bratt (1916-1971)
utata:UArthur Reuel Tolkien, uArthur Tolkien
umama:UMabel, uMabel Tolkien
abantakwenu:UHilary Arthur Reuel
abantwana:UChristopher John,UJ. K. Rowling UGeorge Orwell UDavid Thewlis C. S. Lewis
Yayingubani uJ. R. R. Tolkien?
I-JRR UTolkien wayengumbhali wesiNgesi, ugqirha wezobuchwephesha, kunye nezifundo. Oko kwaqala njengebali lokulala, awalibalisela abantwana bakhe, i-'Hobbit 'yaba yinoveli ephumelele amabhaso, kunye namakhulu ezigidi zabalandeli abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Ichazwe 'njengokukhula ekuxeleni,' inoveli yaba yenye yeencwadi zakhe ezazithandwa kakhulu kunye noluhlu lwayo olucekeceke lweengqokelela zeengoma ezithi 'INkosi yeeRingi' eyabhalwa ngamaqhekeza yathunyelwa njengeeleta kubantwana bayo. I-JRR UTolkien wayengumbhali owaziwayo kwilizwe liphela, aziwa kakhulu ngamabali akhe amnyama amnandi. Imimandla yakhe yobungcali yayiquka isiNgesi esidala, isihobe, uncwadi kunye neentsomi, ezikhuthazwe ngamaJamani asekuqaleni. Ngaphandle kweenoveli, wabhala uthotho lwamabali amafutshane. Kwakungenxa yokunxibelelana kwakhe neembali zentsomi, imibhalo yamaphupha, kunye neelwimi ezakhiweyo awathi waziwa 'njengoyise woncwadi lwangoku lwefantasy.' Uthotho lwakhe lweengqungquthela oluthi 'INkosi yeeRingi' luguqulelwe ngaphezulu kwama-25 Iilwimi zabafundi kwihlabathi liphela. Nokuba sele kudlule iminyaka engama-50 ipapashiwe kwasekuqaleni, ibisoloko ibekwa phakathi kwamabali athandwa kakhulu adalwe ngekhulu lama-20, kunye 'neHobbit.' Ezi noveli zimbini ziye zatshintshwa zaba ziimbasa bhanyabhanya eziwina amabhaso ngumlawuli weHollywood uPeter Jackson .
Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:
Iimodeli eziDumileyo zeNdima ongathanda ukudibana nazo Abantu Abaziwayo Ongabaziyo Ziinkedama Ababhali abaNtshatsheli beNzululwazi
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LElNJ6qLs0 (Ilifa.com)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tolkien_1916.jpg (KwiNdawo yoLuntu)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFexwNCYenI (I-Roman Styran)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-VrCTpwXAc (UBhishophu Robert Barron)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAFDI909kko (UJohnny Revolver)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAFDI909kko (UJohnny Revolver)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oKCl9hvDC5o (IIVESI ZASEKUGCINENI - IENKQUBO)IYunivesithi yaseOxford Iimbongi Zamadoda Ababhali abangamadoda Umsebenzi Malunga no-1909, wabhala incwadi ethi 'The Book of the Foxrook,' incwadana enamaphepha alishumi elinesithandathu. Waqala ukusebenza kwinto awayeyibiza ngokuba yi 'The Book of Lost Tales,' eqala ngo 'Ukuwa kwe Gondolin.' Wayesebenza njenge sikhulu sesibini kwi 'Lancashire Fusiliers' ngo-1916 walwa kwi 'Idabi lase Somme' KwiNtshona. Wafumana i-trench fever, isifo esasifana ne-typhus, ngenxa yoko wabuyiselwa eNgilane. Ngo-Novemba u-1920 waxhotyiswa kwimikhosi yakhe kwaye washiya umkhosi, egcina isikhundla sakhe sokuba li-lieutenant. Ngo-1918, waqala ukusebenza njengomncedisi wombhali wezichazimagama kwi-‘Oxford English Dictionary. ’Emva koko, ngo-1920, wajoyina‘ iYunivesithi yaseLeeds ’njengomfundi kuLwimi lwesiNgesi. Uvelise 'Isigama esiPhakathi sesiNgesi' kunye nohlelo luka 'Sir Gawain kunye noGreen Knight' kunye noE. Gordon. Ngo-1925, wajoyina 'iYunivesithi yaseOxford' njengoRawlinson kunye noNjingalwazi waseBosworth waseAnglo-Saxon, apho wapapasha isincoko se-philological esithi 'Nodens' ngo-1932. , EGloucestershire. Imiqulu yokuqala emithathu yenoveli yakhe ethi 'INkosi yeeRingi' - 'Ukudibana kweRingi,' 'IiTowers ezimbini,' kunye 'nokuBuya kweKumkani' zifumene uphononongo oluxubileyo kubafundi. Intetho yakhe nge-'Beowulf: Izilo ezikhulu kunye nabaGxeki 'ngo-1936, eyayisekwe kwimbali yamandulo yamaxesha aphakathi ethi' Beowulf, 'yaxatyiswa kakhulu. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ngelixa 'leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi,' wabelwa njenge-codebreaker kwisebe le-cryptographic yeOfisi yangaPhandle ngo-1939. Nangona kunjalo, akazange asebenze njengongenisa iikhowudi ngenxa yokungafuneki kweenkonzo zakhe. Waqeshwa yi 'Merton College,' eOxford, ngo-1945 njengoNjingalwazi woLwimi lwesiNgesi noNcwadi, isikhundla awasigcinayo de wayothatha umhlala-phantsi ngo-1959. Wabhala amabali aliqela eentsomi ngabantwana, aquka 'Iileta zeKrisimesi kaTata,' 'Mr. Ubumnandi kunye neRoverandom, '' Umthi kunye neLeaf, '' uSmith weWootton Major, '' kwiiFairy-Stories, 'kunye' The Adventures of Tom Bombadil. ' ingqalelo kunye nodumo loncwadi. Ngo-1961, umhlobo wakhe uC. S. Lewis wade wamtyumba njengowona mbasa ‘weNobel Prize in Literature.’
Iinoveli zabesilisa Iimbongi zeCapricorn Ababhali baseBritane Imisebenzi emikhulu Uguqulele umbongo wamandulo wesiNgesi othi 'Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary' ngo 1926. Kodwa ke, yahlelwa yapapashwa emva kokuba eswelekile unyana wakhe ngo 2014. Wabhala inoveli eyayiphumelela ibhaso 'iHobbit' - ingcaciso yembali Kuxhaswe yimizobo engaphezu kwe-100, inoveli yathandwa njengencwadi yabantwana, nangona yayibhalelwe abantu abadala. Ngelixa ebhala iswekile esithi 'The Hobbit,' wavelisa incwadi enempumelelo kakhulu ethi 'The Lord of the Rings,' eyagqitywa kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi, iinxalenye ezintathu zokuqala zapapashwa ngo-1954-55 njenge-trilogy.Iinoveli zaseBritane Abahlohli baseBritane Iimbongi zase Mzantsi Afrika Amabhaso kunye neMpumelelo 'IYunivesithi Yesizwe yaseIreland' kunye 'neDyunivesithi yaseLiege' zambonisa isidanga sembeko ngo-1954. Qhubeka nokuFunda ngezantsi ngo-1972, wenziwa uMlawuli we-Order yoBukhosi base-Bhritane ngu-Queen Elizabeth II. Umsebenzi wakhe 'I-Silmarillion' iphumelele i-'Locus Award 'ye-'Fantasy Fantasy inoveli' ngo-1978. Ngo-2002, wabekwa kwindawo eyi-92 kuluhlu 'lwee-100 Greatest Britons' yi-'BBC. 'Ngo-2004, wabekwa kwindawo Inombolo ye-35 kwi-SABC3 'yoMzantsi Afrika oMkhulu.' 'INkosi yemiGaqo' yagwetywa njengeyona 'noveli ithandwayo' yase-UK kuvavanyo olwenziwa yi-'BBC 'ngo-2003. Abantu base-Australia bavotela le ncwadi njenge' My Favorite Book ' Waqhutywa ngu-'Australia ABC 'ngo-2004. Wabekwa kwindawo yesithandathu kuluhlu' Ababhali abaphambili abangama-50 base-Bhritane ukusukela ngo-1945 'eyapapashwa yi-'The Times' ngo-2008. Ngo-2009, wabizwa njengowesihlanu efumana umvuzo ophezulu. 'usaziwayo ofileyo' ngu 'Forbes.' 
IiNoveli zaseMzantsi Afrika Amadoda aseCapricorn Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-16, wazibandakanya kwezothando no-Edith Mary Bratt, kodwa wacelwa ukuba angamboni de abe neminyaka engama-21 ngumgcini wakhe, u-Father Morgen. Ngeminyaka engama-21, waphinda wahlaziya ubudlelwane bakhe no-Edith waza wazimanya naye ngo-1913. Watshata naye ngo-1916 e-'St. Mary Immaculate Catholic Church, ’eWarwick. Esi sibini sasinabantwana abane - uJohn Francis Reuel Tolkien (1917), uMichael Hilary Reuel Tolkien (1920), uChristopher John Reuel Tolkien (1924), kunye noPriscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien (1929). Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Umfazi wakhe u-Edith wasweleka kwi1971 kwaye wangcwatyelwa 'eWolvercote Cemetery,' eOxford. Wafa emva kweenyanga ezingama-21 ngo-1973 kwaye wabekwa engcwabeni lomfazi wakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe kunye namabali aliqela apapashwa emva konyana wakhe uChristopher. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe eyapapashwa emva kokufa ibandakanya u-'Silmarillion, '' Mnu. Ukonwaba, '' Ukuwa kuka-Arthur, '' Iintsomi ezingagqitywanga zaseNúmenor nakuMbindi womhlaba, 'kunye' Nentsomi kaSigurd noGudrún. '' INkosi yeeRingi 'yajikwa yenziwa yintsomi yomboniso bhanyabhanya ophumelele u-Oscar. Iifilimu zakhutshwa ukusukela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2003. 'IHobbit' yabona uhlengahlengiso kumdlalo bhanyabhanya ngezahlulo ezithathu- 'IHobbit: Uhambo olungalindelekanga' (2012), 'IHobbit: Ukuchithwa kweSmaug' (2013), kunye 'neHobbit: Idabi leMikhosi emihlanu '(2014). ‘IYunivesithi yaseOxford’ inika uprofesa ngegama lakhe, ‘J.R.R. Tolkien uNjingalwazi woNcwadi lwesiNgesi noLwimi, ’ngexa‘ Umbutho waseTolkien ’uququzelela‘ Usuku lokuFunda kwabaseTolkien ’ngoMatshi 25 minyaka le kwizikolo kwihlabathi liphela. Amacwecwe asixhenxe aluhlaza afunyenwe kwizixeko ezine zaseNgilani ukuphawula umbutho wakhe-iBirmingham, Bournemouth, Leeds, ne-Oxford. Inqaku Wayenolwazi lweelwimi ezininzi, ezibandakanya isiLatin, isiFrentshi, isiJamani, isiNgesi esiPhakathi, isiFinnish, isiGothic, isiNgesi esidala, isiTaliyane, iSpanish, isiDanish, isiRashiya, isiSerbia, isiSwedish, nezinye, ngenxa yokuthanda kwakhe ulwazi lweelwimi. Uthando lwakhe lokwakha iilwimi lwakhokelela kuQuenya naseSindarin - ezimbini zeefom eziphucukileyo, ezathi zangumbindi wentsomi yakhe. Wafunda i-Old Norse kunye ne-Old English e-Oxford. Ngo-1999, abathengi abangama-250,000 ‘baseAmazon’ bavotela inoveli yakhe ethi ‘The Lord of the Rings’ (1954) ‘njengencwadi yeminyaka eliwaka.’
