UJan van Eyck Biography

Imbuyekezo Yophawu Lwe-Zodiac
Ukuqiqa

Fumana Ukuhambelana Nophawu Lwe-Zodiac

Iinkcukacha ezikhawulezayo

Wazalwa:1390





Wafa eneminyaka: 51

Kwaziwa njenge:Uyise wepeyinti yeoyile





Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Bheljiyam

Uzalwe e:IMaaseik, eBelgium



Idume njenge:Umzobi

Abapeyinti boKuhlaziya Amadoda amaDatshi



Usapho:

Iqabane / Ex-:UMargaret van Eyck



abantakwenu:UHubert, uLambert, uMargareta

Usweleke kwi: Julayi 9 ,1441

indawo yokufa:IBruges, eBelgium

Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya

Imfundo:URobert Campin

Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi

Kuyacetyiswa Wena

UPieter Brueghel ... IsiTiti USandro Botticelli URafael

Wayengubani uJan van Eyck?

UJan van Eyck wayengumzobi waseFlemish owaqamba uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe eBruges kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-15. Ungomnye woovulindlela kwinto kamva eyaba ngumzobo wase-Netherlandish yasekuqaleni kunye nelinye lawona manani abalulekileyo obuGcisa basekuqaleni koMntla wobuNtu. Iirekhodi eziqhekekileyo zobomi bakhe bokuqala zisindile, ngokutsho kwakhe wayevela eMaaseik, eBelgium yanamhlanje. Malunga no-1422, waqala wasebenza eHague. Ngelo xesha, wayesele ezimisele njengomzobi wobugcisa noJohn III uPitiless, umlawuli waseHolland naseHainaut, njengomxhasi wakhe. Usebenze eLille njengomzobi wenkundla kuFilipu Olungileyo, uDuke waseBurgundy. Ngo-1429, wafudukela eBruges, apho wachitha khona intsalela yobomi bakhe. Malunga nemizobo engama-20 ebhalwe kuye iyenzileyo ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla, kunye neGhent Altarpiece kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo kweeyure zaseTurin neMilan. Kwimisebenzi yakhe, uVan Eyck wajonga umxholo kunye nonqulo. Nangona ubugcisa bakhe buvela kwisitayile seGothic seHlabathi, khange kumthathe xesha lide ukusigqumelela, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yenkolelo yakhe yokunika ukubaluleka kwendalo kunye nobunyani. UVan Eyck ngoyena msebenzisi ubalaseleyo wepeyinti yeoyile kwi-Renaissance Yurophu kwaye waphembelela abapeyinti abaliqela basekuqaleni beNetherland ngobuchule bakhe kunye nesitayile. Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_a_Man_in_a_Turban_(Jan_van_Eyck)_with_frame.jpg
(UJan van Eyck [Indawo yoluntu]) Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala Akukho lwazi luninzi lufumanekayo malunga nobomi bokuqala bukaJan van Eyck. Akukho nomhla nendawo awazalelwa kuyo onokuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo. Akukho nto ingako eyaziwayo malunga nabazali bakhe. Wazalwa ngamanye amaxesha phakathi kuka-1390 no-1395, mhlawumbi eMaaseik (owayenguMaaseyck), kwaye wakhula kunye nodade, uMargareta, kunye nabantakwabo bobabini, uHubert noLambert, bobabini nabo babengabapeyinti. Nangona inqanaba lemfundo yakhe ingumbandela wengxoxo, wayezazi iilfabhethi zesiGrike, isiLatin kunye nesiHebhere kwaye wazisebenzisa kwimibhalo yakhe. Oku kubonisa ukuba wafundiswa ezakudala, into eyayinqabe kunene phakathi kwabapeyinti bobudala. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Inkonzo kaJohn III oNgohlwayi UVan Eyck wayeqeshwe nguJohn waseBavaria-Straubing, umlawuli waseHolland, uHainault noZeeland, esebenza njengomzobi kunye nevalet de chambre. Ngexesha elithile ngaphambili koku, wayedibanise indawo yokusebenzela encinci kwaye wayeyinxalenye yeqela lokuphinda lihlaziye ibhotwe laseBinnenhof eHague. UJohn wasweleka ngo-1425, kwaye emva koko uVan Eyck wafudukela kwisixeko saseLille, apho wajoyina inkonzo kaPhilip Olungileyo. Ukuxhaswa kukaFilipu Olungileyo UDuke Philip III waseBurgundy wayengenayo imali esisigxina. Ngalo lonke ixesha lokulawula kwakhe, wamisela ikomkhulu lakhe kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zolawulo lwakhe. Xa uVan Eyck wajoyina inkonzo yakhe ngo-1425, ikomkhulu likaPhilip laliseLille. Ngo-1429, yafudukela eBruges, kwaye uVan Eyck wahamba nayo. Ukunyuka kwakhe njengomzobi oqokelelweyo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kweza emva kokufumana ingqesho kwinkundla kaPhilip. Ukusuka kweli nqanaba ukubheka phambili, iinkcukacha zobomi bakhe ziyafumaneka ngokulula. UFilipu wamenza ukuba abe ngumculi wenkundla kunye nozakuzaku. Ngapha koko, wakhethwa ukuba asebenze njengelungu eliphezulu lombutho wabapeyinti baseTournai. Nge-18 ka-Okthobha u-1427, umthendeleko we-St. Luke, waya eTournai ukuya kuthatha inxaxheba kwisidlo esilungiselelwe yena, apho uRobert Campin no-Rogier van der Weyden babekhona. UFilipu wamnika imali eninzi ukuze anike umzobi uzinzo kwezemali kunye nenkululeko yokuzoba xa ethanda. Kwiminyaka elishumi eyalandelayo, uVan Eyck wandisa ukuthandwa kwakhe kunye nezakhono zobuchwephesha ikakhulu ngokusebenzisa kwakhe ipeyinti yeoyile. Ngelixa udumo loontanga bakhe lwancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha, uqhubeke nokuba ngumzobi ohlonitshwayo kwiinkulungwane ezilandelayo. Esasazwe nguGiorgio Vasari, amandla kaVan Eyck ngeoyile anikezela kwintsomi yokuba wayengumculi wokuqala kwipeyinti yeoyile. Umninawa wakhe uHubert wasebenza naye kwiGhent Altarpiece, into enkulu eyintsonkothileyo kunye ne-polyptych altarpiece ebekwe eSt Bavo's Cathedral, eGhent, eBelgium. Ngokwababhali-mbali bezobugcisa, lo mzobo waqalwa nguHubert ngo-1420 waze wagqitywa nguVan Eyck ngo-1432. Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa wawudunyiswa njengovukelo. Uyilo kunye neendlela zakhe zazilingiswa kwaye zaphindwa amaxesha amaninzi. Ukuvela okokuqala kwesiqubulo sakhe, ALS IK KAN ('NJENGOKO NDINOKWENZA'), isibhambathiso egameni lakhe, senzeka ngo-1433 'kumzobo womntu kwiTurban,' ebonisa ukuzithemba kwakhe okwangoku. Isesesinye sezisayina ezaziwayo kwihlabathi lobugcisa. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Wadala imisebenzi efana noMadonna weChancellor Rolin, uLucca Madonna kunye neVirgin kunye noMntwana noCanon van der Paele phakathi kowe-1434 nowe-1436, ephawula elo xesha njengelona nqanaba liphezulu lomsebenzi wakhe. Ukuhamba Ukususela ngo-1426 ukuya kowe-1429, uJan van Eyck waqalisa iihambo ezininzi egameni lomxhasi wakhe. Uhlobo lokuhamba alwaziwa, kodwa lwakhankanywa kwiirekhodi njengeekhomishini eziyimfihlo. UPhilip wayedla ngokuhlawula amatyeli aliqela umvuzo wakhe wonyaka kolu hambo, nalapho kungenzeka ukuba wayesebenza njengomthunywa wenkundla. Ngo-1426, waya kumazwe athile akude, mhlawumbi kwiLizwe elingcwele. Olu luvo luxhaswa kukuchaneka kobume bendawo yaseJerusalem kwi'The Three Marys at the Tomb ', umzobo we-1440 ogqitywe ngabantu abasebenza kwindawo yakhe yokusebenzela. Ngomnyaka we-1428, waqalisa ukuthunywa kwezopolitiko ePortugal ngesiphakamiso somanyano phakathi kukaFilipu no-Isabella wasePortugal. Wayexelelwe ukuba apeyinte umtshakazi, ukuze uMlawuli akwazi ukubona ukuba unjani ngaphambi komtshato. Umzobo ngoku ulahlekile, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba wayesebenzisa ubuchule bakhe obuqhelekileyo bokupeyinta umzobo. Wenza bonke abantu bakhe ukuba babonakale benesidima, kodwa engoyiki ukubonisa ukungafezeki kwabo. Usapho kunye noBomi baBakho UJan van Eyck watshata noMargaret, umfazi owayemncinci kakhulu kuye, malunga ne-1432. Ngeli xesha, wathenga indlu eBruges. Esi sibini sinabantwana ababini kunye, owokuqala wazalwa ngo-1434. Akukho nto ingako iyafumaneka kuMargaret. Abaphengululi abalazi igama lakhe lobuntombi. Igama lentombi kaVan Eyck yayinguLievine; wangena kwindlu yoonongendi eMaaseik kulandela ukusweleka kukayise. UMargaret wayengumxholo weoyile yakhe ye-1439 kwipeyinti yomthi, egama linguMzobo kaMargaret van Eyck (okanye uMargaret, uMfazi woMzobi). Ukuphawula iimpahla apho umyeni wakhe wayepeyinta khona, abaphengululi bacinga ukuba wayevela kwizidwangube ezisezantsi. Ukufa kunye nelifa NgoJulayi 9, 1441, uVan Eyck wasweleka eBruges kwaye walaliswa kwiCawe yaseSt Donatian. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, uPhilip wanika uMargaret imali eyayihlawulwa ngexesha elinye eyayilingana nomvuzo womzobi wonyaka. Isixeko saseBruges naso sabela ipenshini efanelekileyo. Ngexesha elithile, ubuncinci inxalenye yale mali ichithwe kwilotto. Emva kukaJan, umntakwabo uLambert uthathe indawo yokusebenzela. Ngo-1442, wahambisa amathambo kaJan kwiCathhedral yaseSt. Imisebenzi emininzi kaJan yayingagqitywanga kwaye kamva yagqitywa ngabahambi bakhe beeworkshop. Kwincwadi yakhe ye-1454 ethi 'De viris illustribus', umntu waseGenoa uBartolomeo Facio ubonelela ngobomi bukaVan Eyck. Kuyo, uFacio udumisa enye indoda 'njengomzobi ophambili' womhla wakhe kwaye udwelise ecaleni kukaRogier van der Weyden, oweNtlanga da Fabriano, kunye noPisanello njengomnye wabazobi ababalaseleyo benkulungwane ye-15.