Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoSeptemba 5 , Ngo-1847
Wafa eneminyaka: 3. 4
Umqondiso welanga: Intombazana
Kwaziwa njenge:UJese Woodson James
Uzalwe e:Kearney
Idume njenge:Umthetho waseMelika kunye neNkokeli yeQela
Abaphangi Ababulali
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UZerelda Mimms (m. 1874-1882)
utata:URobert James
umama:UZerelda James
abantakwenu:UVimba uSamuel, uFanny Quantrill Samuel,UFrank James UZerelda Mimms Yolanda saldivar Gypsy Rose Mhlophe ...
Wayengubani uJese James?
UJesse Woodson James wayengumntu odumileyo, umphangi webhanki odumileyo, umphangi kaloliwe kunye nenkokeli yemigulukudu ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-19 eMelika. Wazalelwa eMissouri kusapho olwaluchumile kwaye wayonwabile ebuntwaneni kunye nomntakwabo uFrank de utata wakhe wabashiya ngonaphakade. Umama wakhe watshata kabini emva koko, nto leyo eyakhokelela kubomi bentsapho obungazinzanga bukaJese kunye nomntakwabo. Ngeminyaka eyi-16, bobabini abantakwabo James bajoyina iqela leQuantrill Raiders kwaye baqala ukuphanga iibhanki kunye noololiwe. Injongo yabo yokuqala yayikukuhlasela amalungu emikhosi yomanyano kunye nokubulala abaxhasi baka-Abraham Lincoln. Emva koku, umsebenzi kaJames wolwaphulo-mthetho waqala ukunyuka kakhulu kwaye watshintsha imigulukudu waphanga iibhanki. Ukuphanga kukaDaviess County kwamenza wabalasela kwilizwe lonke kwaye kwaqeshwa iiarhente zomcuphi ukuba zimbambe kwaye umvuzo wawubekwa entlokweni yakhe. Wabulawa ngo-1882 lelinye lamalungu emigulukudu, uRobert Ford noRobert bavuzwa ngegalelo lakhe emapoliseni eMissouri. Uthathelwa ingqalelo njengentsomi eMelika kwaye kwizihlandlo ezininzi uthelekisa no'Robin Hood 'kodwa akuzange kusekwe ukuba wayekhe wabelana ngokuphanga kwakhe nabantu balapha. Iimovie ezininzi zaseHollywood zenziwe ngobomi bakhe kunye nokuphanga.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/CMotYP5gPSO/ (indawo ekhohlo ekhatywayo)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Jesse_James.jpg (Walden69 / indawo yoluntu)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsBWZQKsRDA (Grunge)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOIOOelpYNg (I-SWNS)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnsKiDFPQV8 (Iintsomi zeOld West Podcast)Ababulali baseMelika Izaphuli-mthetho zaseMelika Amadoda eVirgo Umsebenzi Ngo-1862, uWilliam Quantrill wenza iqela lamajoni. UJames wajoyina iqela lemigulukudu - amanye amalungu yayinguFrank James, uCole Young noJames Younger. Iqela lemigulukudu alizange lihlasele imikhosi yoManyano kuphela kodwa lahlasela nabaqeqeshi bemeyile, labulala abaxhasi baka-Abraham Lincoln kwaye lahlukumeza uluntu olwaluchasene nomanyano eMissouri naseKansas. Ngomnyaka we-1863, i-Quantrill Raiders yahlasela idolophu yaseLawrence, ethathwa njengolona lwaphulo-mthetho lukhulu kwiMfazwe yamakhaya. Iqela lemigulukudu labulala ubuncinci abemi beedolophu abali-150 kwaye batshisa izakhiwo eziyi-180. Kunyaka olandelayo uFrank James wathatha iQuantrill Raiders waya eTexas kwaye yena noJames bajoyina iqela likaTaylor xa befika eClay County. UJames wayeneminyaka eli-16 kuphela ubudala ngelo xesha. Ngo-1864, uTaylor wenzakala kakubi kwaye waphulukana nengalo yakhe yasekunene apho umpu wamdubula khona. Emva koko, uJesse noFrank James bajoyina elinye iqela elikhokelwa nguBloody Bill Anderson obizwa ngokuba liqela le-bushwhacker. UJames wadutyulwa esifubeni kwakuloo nyaka kwenye yeenzame zabo neqela. Ngomnyaka we-1864, uFrank wabanjwa, yi-Clay County marshal, ngokubulala amalungu angaphezu kwe-100 e-Major A.V.E. Ibutho likaJohnson. UFrank uxelele uJese ukuba nguye owadubula uMajor Johnson. Bayalelwa ukuba bashiye iClay County. Abantakwabo James bahlukana, uFrank waya eKentucky ngeQuantrill kunye noJese baya eTexas neqela lemigulukudu elalikhokelwa ngu-Archie Clement. Ngo-1866, uJames phantsi komyalelo ka-Archie Clement, waphanga i-Clay County Savings Association eLiberty, eMissouri, emini nasemini nasebudeni bexesha loxolo eMelika. Ngexesha lokuphanga kuxhotyiwe, umfundi omsulwa waseWilliam Jewell College wadutyulwa ezitratweni ngexesha lemigulukudu izama ukubaleka. Akukaziwa ngokucacileyo ukuba ngaba uJames uthathe inxaxheba na? Ngomnyaka we-1866, le genge yaba ligorha lokuphanga kwaye yabizwa njengeenkokheli zokuphanga eClay County. Kwilizwe laseJackson, eMissouri, amalungu amabini eqela leqela likaQuantril avalelwa. Bafunwa ukuba bakhululwe kwaye kwintsebenzo, umgcini-ntolongo wabulawa. Kwakukholelwa ukuba abantakwabo James bayabandakanyeka kolwaphulo mthetho. Ngomnyaka we-1867, iqela libandakanyeka ekuphanga ibhanki yendawo kunye nenkunzi yendawo yaseRichmond, eMissouri. Kwesi siganeko usodolophu nabanye ababini babulawa. Ngo-1868, abantakwabo James bajoyina u-Cole Younger, ilungu elivela kwi-Quantrill Raiders, ukuphanga ibhanki e-Russellville, e-Kentucky. Kwakukho ngo-1869 ukuba uJames waziwa xa yena kunye nomntakwabo uFrank bephanga i-Daviess County Savings Association eGallatin, eMissouri. Babalanda imali encinci kodwa uJames wadubula umphathi-mali awayecinga ukuba nguSamuel P. Cox, igosa elabulala uBloody Bill Anderson ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya. Ukuphanga kukaJames kwabhalwa kwiphephandaba kwaye kwamenza waduma. Ukuphanga kuka-1869 kwenza uJames waba sisaphuli-mthetho esidumileyo kwaye wabizwa njengesigebenga kwaye iRhuluneli yaseMissouri ngelo xesha yabeka umvuzo ekubanjweni kwayo. Oku kwaqala umanyano oludumileyo lukaJames kunye nomhleli weKansas City Time, uJohn Newman Edwards. Edwards yapapasha iileta ezivela kuJames zenzela uluntu ukuba zazise abantu iinjongo zakhe. Oku kuncede ekwenzeni uJames ukuba abe luphawu lwe-Confederate yokuchasana nokwakhiwa ngokutsha. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Ngo-1873, abazalwana bakaJames kunye noCole Younger kunye nabantakwabo uJohn, Jim noBob, baphanga uloliwe okokuqala ngqa. Baphazamise uloliwe i-Rock Island e-Iowa kwaye beba i-3000 yeedola zase-US. Emva kwexesha baye baphanga uloliwe ngakumbi kodwa zange baphange abakhweli, u-Edward wasebenzisa njenqaku lokudala umfanekiso kaJames njenge 'Robin Hood' phakathi kwabantu, kodwa iqela alizange labelane ngemali. Ngo-1874, i-Arhente yeSizwe yase-Pinkerton yanikwa umsebenzi wokubamba iqela likaJames-Younger. Le yayiyiarhente esekwe eChicago kwaye yayisisabelo sayo sokuqala esikhulu. Inkokheli ye-arhente, u-Allen Pinkerton, usebenze nababesakuba ngabasebenzi be-Unionists ukufumanisa ukuba liphi na eli qela. Ngo-1876, le genge yaphanga iBhanki yeSizwe yokuQala eMantla, eMinnesota. Oku kuphanga kubangele ukufunwa kwaye ngabazalwana bakaJames kuphela abashiywe bephila kwaye bebaleka ekupheleni kwayo yonke into. Kukwathiwa iqela lemigulukudu litshise amatye okusila ali-14 eRice County kwakamsinya nje emva kokuphanga. Abantakwabo James babalekela eTennessee apho uJese waya khona ngegama likaThomas Howard. UJames wenza elinye iqela lemigulukudu kwaye ngo-1879, waphakamisa uloliwe ukuze aphange eMissouri kwaye emva koku eli qela laphinda laphanga ezinye iindlela ezimbini. Baye bahlasela iivenkile ezimbini eMississippi. Bebile i-2000 yeedola zaseMelika bazimela eLouisiana. Kodwa iqela elitsha lalingenamandla njengakudala kwaye bahlala bejamelana kwaye uJames waqala ukukhula ngakumbi nangakumbi. Emva kokuwa kweqela lakhe, uJames waqala ukuhlala eMissouri, kufutshane nendlu awazalelwa kuyo kwaye wakhulela kuyo. Ukuze azive ekhuseleke ngakumbi, uJames wacela ‘abantakwabo Ford’ ukuba beze kuhlala naye. Kodwa omnye wabazalwana bakaFord, uRobert Ford wathethathethana nerhuluneli yaseMissouri ukuba afike kuYakobi. Ngo-1882, uRobert wadubula uJames entlokweni yakhe. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa UJames utshatele umzala wakhe uZee nge-24 ka-Epreli 1874. Bobabini babenabantwana ababini, uJesse Edward James kunye noMary Susan James. Babenamawele azalwe ngo-1878 kodwa basweleka besebusana kuphela. UJesse Edward James wakhula waba ligqwetha kwaye wayesebenza eMissouri naseCalifornia. Ngo-1882, uJames wayekulungele ukuya kuphanga kunye nabazalwana bakaFord. Baphume baya kulungisa amahashe abo. Kuba ibiyimini eshushu, uJames ususe idyasi kunye nemipu kwaye wema esihlalweni ukucoca umfanekiso othuli. Ngalo mzuzu uRobert Ford wamdubula entloko. Inqaku Ukusweleka kukaJames, amanxeba akhe avela kwisifuba sangaphambili kunye nomnwe ophakathi oshiyekileyo wanceda amapolisa awuchonga umzimba wakhe. Ukubandakanyeka ekubulaweni kukaJesse James, abantakwabo Ford, uRobert noCharles, babanjwa xa babiza irhuluneli befuna umvuzo wabo. Baqala babekwa ityala lokubulala bagwetyelwa ukufa kodwa baxolelwa kwangoko yirhuluneli ngokwakhe. Umama kaJames uZerelda Samuel ubhale incwadi eyinikezela kunyana wakhe, ‘In In Love Inkumbulo yoNyana wam Oyintanda, Obulewe nguMngcatshi noCoward ogama lakhe lingakufanelekeli ukuvela apha.’ Unkosikazi kaJames uZee wayehlala kwintlupheko kwaye wasweleka yedwa. Kwahletywa emva kokubhubha kwakhe ukuba uJames akabulawanga; UBob Ford wabulala omnye umntu ukuba abaleke kwaye aphile ngakumbi akhuselekile. Ngo-1950 uJames waboniswa njengomntu ophazamiseke ngokwasengqondweni kunokuba ‘eyiRobin Hood’, njengoko kubonisiwe yimithombo yeendaba ngaphambili. Zininzi iimyuziyam ezinikezelwe kuJames nakubomi bakhe, ezinje ngeJese James Home Museum apho wabulawa khona, iJese James Bank Museum eMissouri apho uJames waqhuba khona imini yakhe yokuqala yokuphanga exhobile, njl njl. Ukoyiswa kukaJese James Days kubhiyozelwa eMinnesota. qho ngoSeptemba. Abantu baphinda baphinde baphange kwaye bachithe umsitho weentsuku ezintlanu ngokudlala umculo kunye nokubamba imingcelele. Zininzi iimuvi ezinikezelwe kubomi bukaJesse James njengo: 'I-Northfield enkulu iMinnesota Raid' ngo-1972, 'Iintsuku Zokugqibela zikaFrank noJese James' ngo-1986, 'uFrank noJese' ngo-1994, 'Abaphul' umthetho baseMelika 'kwi 2001, 'Ukubulawa kukaJese James nguCoward Robert Ford' ngo-2007, njl.
