Usuku lokuzalwa: Nge-17 kaDisemba , Ngo-1807
Wafa eneminyaka: 84
Umqondiso welanga: Isagittarius
Uzalwe e:IHaverhill, eMassachusetts, United States
Idume njenge:Imbongi
Iingcaphuno zikaJohn Greenleaf Whittier Iimbongi
Usapho:utata:UYohane
umama:UAbhigali (Hussey)
Usweleke kwi: NgoSeptemba 7 , Ngo-1892
indawo yokufa:IHampton Falls, iNew Hampshire, eUnited States
U.S. Urhulumente: EMassachusetts
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:Isikolo saseHaverhill
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
Umlobi kaEdgar Allan UEmily Dickinson UHenry David Tho ... UWalt WhitmanNgubani uJohn Greenleaf Whittier?
UJohn Greenleaf Whittier wayeyimbongi ephambili yaseMelika yamaQuaker kunye nomxhasi onomdla wokupheliswa kobukhoboka. Wazalelwa kwifama kusapho lwamaQuaker, wayenemfundo encinci. Umbongo wakhe, ‘Ukunduluka koThunjiweyo’, wapapashwa kwiNewburyport Free Press. Umhleli wayo, uWilliam Garrison waba ngumhlobo wakhe kunye nomlingane kwinjongo yokupheliswa. Waqhubeka nokuhlela amaphephandaba eBoston naseHaverhill kunye noVavanyo lweVeki eNtsha lwase-England eHartford, eConnecticut, elona phephancwadi libalulekileyo le-Whig eNew England. Uqhubekile nokubhala iivesi, imizobo, kunye namabali, kwaye wapapasha umqulu wakhe wokuqala wemibongo, 'Iintsomi zaseNew England'. Incwadana yakhe evuthayo yokulwa ubukhoboka, 'Justice and Expediency', yamenza umlweli obalaseleyo kumbutho wokupheliswa, kwaye ishumi leminyaka mhlawumbi wayengumbhali wayo onempembelelo. Usebenze ixesha kwindlu yowiso-mthetho eMassachusetts, kwaye wathetha kwiintlanganiso ezichasene nobukhoboka. Phakathi kweminye imibongo ithi, 'Ilizwi leNkululeko', 'Maud Muller', 'The Brewing of Soma' eyayinengoma awayeyibhalela la mazwi, Nkosi ethandekayo kunye noBawo woLuntu, kunye 'neKhephu-elibopheleyo: I-Winter Idyll '. Ivesi yakhe ihlala ichaphazeleka ngenxa yeemvakalelo kunye nobuchule obuhlwempuzekileyo, kodwa eyona mibongo yakhe mihle isafundelwa ubuhle babo bokuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo ezilula kwaye zithathwa njengezwi elibalulekileyo leminyaka yakhe.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JGWhittier-loc.jpg (I-Lithograph ngu-Armstrong & Co, ngo-1887, i-domain yoluntu, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:J_G_Whittier_at_29.jpg (Ipapashwe nguDodd, Mead kunye no-Co, NY, ngo-1898, indawo kaRhulumente, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pH30fBnZDfc (Ividiyo yaseColgate yeDyunivesithi yeZemfundo)Iimbongi zeSagittarius Ababhali beSagittarius Amadoda eSagittarius Umsebenzi UGarrison wabela uWhittier njengomhleli weAmerican Manufacturer eBoston. Wamgxeka ngokucacileyo uMongameli Andrew Jackson, kwaye ngo-1830, wayengumhleli we-Whig kwiphephancwadi le-New England Weekly Review eHartford, Connecticut. Ngomnyaka we-1832, wabhala umbongo ongama-900 ongama-Moll Pitcher, owaziwayo kunye noxeli-thamsanqa kwaye njengembongi wayeyinzalelwane yaseMassachusetts. Kumbongo, uWhittier uchaze uMoll Pitcher njengegqwirha elenza umsebenzi wesono Ngo-1833, wapapasha, 'Ingoma yeVermonters', engaziwa kwiThe New-England Magazine. Ukufana kwisigaba sokugqibela kunye neprozi kaEthan Allen kubangele abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba wonke umsebenzi nguAllen. Waba nomdla kwezopolitiko kodwa, wabuyela ekhaya emva kokuphulukana nolonyulo lwe-DRM. 1833, yaba yindawo yokutshintsha kukaWhittier; wadibana neGarrison kwaye wajoyina umlo womkhapheli wakhe ngokuchasene nobukhoboka. U-Whittier waya kwintlanganiso yokuqala ye-American Anti-Slavery Convention e-Philadelphia. Ngo-1833, wapapasha incwadana ethi, 'Justice and Expediency', ecetyisa ukukhululwa kwamakhoboka kwangoko nangaphandle kwemiqathango, ethathela ingqalelo elona galelo lakhe libalulekileyo. Ukusuka kwi-1835 ukuya kwi-1838, wahamba kakhulu eMantla, esiya kwiindibano, efumana iivoti, ethetha noluntu kwaye ecenga abapolitiki. UWhittier waxutyushwa kwaye waxulutywa ngamatye amatyeli aliqela kwilinge lakhe. Ukususela ngo-1838 ukuya ku-1840, wayengumhleli wePennsylvania Freeman ePhiladelphia, elinye lamaphepha aphambili okulwa ubukhoboka. Iofisi entsha yokupapashwa kwiHolo lasePennsylvania yatshiswa liqela lobukhoboka. Wayekholelwa ukuba utshintsho lomthetho luyafuneka ukuze umbutho wokupheliswa kwezinto uphumelele. Waba lilungu elisekayo leLiberty Party ngo-1839, kodwa kamva wasilela ukuyenza kwiCongress. Wayengenako ukucenga ezinye iimbongi uRalph Waldo Emerson kunye noHenry Wadsworth Longfellow ukuba bajoyine i-Liberty Party nangona babechasene nobukhoboka ngokungqongqo, njengoko babemathidala ukuthetha esidlangalaleni ngalo mbandela. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi ngo-1845, waqala ukubhala isincoko sakhe esithi 'The Black Man' esasiquka ingxelo emalunga noJohn Fountain, umntu omnyama wasimahla owayevalelwe eVirginia ngenxa yokunceda amakhoboka abaleke. Uxinzelelo lomsebenzi wokuhlela, impilo eya isiba mandundu, kunye nobundlobongela behlokondiba eliyingozi lenze ukuba uWhittier abuyele ekhaya e-Amesbury. Wahlala apho ubomi bakhe bonke, ephelisa ukuthatha kwakhe inxaxheba ekupheliseni. Wayengabhala ngcono imibongo yokubhangisa esekhaya Imibongo yakhe yayihlala isebenzisa ubukhoboka ukufuzisela zonke iintlobo zengcinezelo (ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokomoya, kwezoqoqosho), kwaye ivuselele impendulo eyaziwayo. Uvelise iingqokelela ezimbini zemibongo yokuchasa ubukhoboka: 'Imibongo ebhalwe ngexesha lokuqhubeka kombuzo wokupheliswa e-United States, phakathi konyaka we-1830 nowe-1838' kunye 'neVoices of Freedom' (1846). Umbongo wakhe 'ePort Royal 1861' uchaza abomthetho baseMantla befika ePort Royal, eSouth Carolina, njengootitshala nabavangeli basemazweni bamakhoboka ashiyekileyo xa abanini bawo bebaleka umqobo woMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi. Isihlomelo seshumi elinesithathu, esadluliswa ngo-1865, saphela ubukhoboka. Emva kokufezekisa enye yeenjongo eziphambili zobomi bakhe, uWhittier waguqukela kwezinye iindlela zemibongo kwintsalela yobomi bakhe.
Izicatshulwa: Umphefumlo,Mna Imisebenzi emikhulu Wayengummeli onenzondelelo wokupheliswa kobukhoboka kunye nemibongo eyamkelweyo njengesixhobo sokuhambisa umbono wakhe. Imizamo yakhe eqhubekayo yathwala isiqhamo xa ulungiso lweshumi elinesithathu, olwapasiswa ngo-1865, lwaphela ubukhoboka. 'I-Snow-Bound: I-Winter Idyll', eyapapashwa ngo-1866, yayiyimpumelelo yezemali. Beka eHomestead yakhe, eHaverhill, eMassachusetts, ibalisa ngosapho lwasemaphandleni oluvalelwe kwikhaya labo ngenxa yesiphepho sekhephu, betshintshana ngamabali. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Nangona uWhittier wayengumhlobo osenyongweni nombongi wamaQuaker kunye no-Elizabeth Lloyd Howell kwaye wayecinga ngokutshata naye, ngo-1859 wagqiba kwelokuba achasane naye. Akazange atshate kwaye wayengenabantwana. Usweleke ngoSeptemba 7, 1892, eneminyaka engama-84. I-John Greenleaf Whittier Homestead ngoku yindawo enembali evulelekileyo eluntwini. Indawo awayehlala kuyo eAmesbury, apho wayehlala khona iminyaka engama-56, ikwavuleleke nakuluntu. 
Izicatshulwa: Uthando Inqaku Le mbongi yamaQuaker kunye no-Abolitionist wabhala la mazwi, Xa ukholo luphulukana, xa imbeko isifa, umntu ufile.
