Usuku lokuzalwa: Nge-30 kaNovemba ,1667
Wafa eneminyaka: 77
Umqondiso welanga: Isagittarius
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Ayalend
Uzalwe e:IDublin, eIreland
Idume njenge:Inoveli kunye neSatirist
Iingcaphuno zikaJonathan Swift Iimbongi
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UEsther Johnson (m. 1716)
utata:UJonathan Swift Sr.
umama:UAbhigali erick
Usweleke kwi: Nge-19 ka-Okthobha ,Ngo-1745
indawo yokufa:IDublin, eIreland
Isixeko: IDublin, eIreland
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:IHertford College Oxford (1694) iYunivesithi yaseDublin iYunivesithi yaseOxford Trinity College, eDublin
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
IConor Woodman W B Ukutya UThomas Moore Bram StokerNgubani uJonathan Swift?
UJonathan Swift, omnye wabaphembeleli ababalaseleyo kulwimi lwesiNgesi, wayekwangumbhali wezopolitiko odumileyo, umbhali wezincoko, imbongi kunye nomfundisi. Uzalelwe eIreland, waswelekelwa ngutata wakhe ebomini bakhe kwaye wayezelwe ngumalume wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufika koQhushululu oluZukileyo eIreland, wanyanzelwa ukuba afudukele eNgilane, apho wafumana umsebenzi phantsi kweSir William Temple. Apha wafumana incasa yokuphila okuphezulu kunye namandla okudlala. Njengomfana oselula wayehlala ehla enyuka phakathi kweIreland neNgilane. Emva kwexesha, wangena kwiCawa yaseIreland, ngelo xesha eyayingumzala olihlwempu weCawa yaseNgilani. Ukukhusela amalungelo ecawa yakhe, waqala wabhala amaphecana kwaye ekugqibeleni wangena kwezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, iinjongo zakhe zezopolitiko azizange ziphile ixesha elide kwaye wabuyela eNgilani ixesha elifutshane. Kungekudala wabuyela eIreland apho waba nguMlawuli weSt. Patrick Cathedral, isikhundla awasibambayo de wasweleka. Njengombhali, uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe yabhalwa phantsi kwegama elingelolakhe. Namhlanje, ukhunjulwa kakhulu nge-satire yakhe, 'Ukuhamba kukaGulliver.'
Ubuntwana kunye neminyaka yokuqala UJonathan Swift wazalwa nge-30 kaNovemba 1667 eDublin, eIreland. Utata wakhe, ogama linguJonathon Swift, wayevela eGoodrich, Herefordshire, kwaye umama wakhe, u-Abigail Erick, wayevela eFrisby kwiWreake, ilali yaseLeicestershire. Wayenodade omdala ogama linguJane. AbakwaSwifts babengabosapho lwasebukhosini abavela eNgilane kwaye xa ilifa labo labhujiswa ziiRoundheads ukuya esiphelweni semfazwe yamaNgesi, uMdala uJonathan Swift wayelandela umkhuluwa wakhe uGodwin eIreland, efuna ikhondo lezomthetho. Apho wayekhusele isithuba esithobekileyo seGosa laseKing's Inn. USr.Jonathan Swift wasweleka entwasahlobo ka-1667 kwaye uJonathan Jr. wazalwa ngo-Novemba olandelayo. Ekhohlo engenazo izibonelelo ezizezakhe, umama wakhe wamshiya egcina uGodwin, ngelo xesha igqwetha elalihlonitshwa eDublin wabuyela eNgilani. Ngo-1673, uJonathan wabhaliswa kwisikolo i-Kilkenny Grammar School, ngelo xesha eyayisesinye sezona zikolo zidumileyo e-Ireland. Ngaphambi koko, wayechithe iminyaka ethile eNgilane kunye nomongikazi wakhe. Esikolweni, wayegqwesa kwiilwimi kwaye wayekunandipha ukufunda uncwadi. 
Izicatshulwa: Wena,UbomiQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiIYunivesithi yaseOxford Iimbongi Zamadoda Iimbongi zaseIreland KwiMoor Park, eNgilani Ukufika kwakhe eNgilane, uJonathan Swift wanxibelelana nonina, owayesele ehleli eLeicester kwaye esamgcinele isisa. Ngelo xesha, u-Godwin Swift wayeswelekile kwaye nangona unyana wakhe uWilloughby ebonelele ngoncedo, kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba uSwift ngoku abe uzimele. UNkosikazi Swift wayedibene nenkosikazi ye-English Statesman Sir Sir William Temple, ngelo xesha, owayethathe umhlala-phantsi emsebenzini kwaye wayehlala kwilizwe lakhe e-Moor Park, eSurrey, ebhala imemo yakhe. Ngexesha elithile ngasekupheleni kuka-1689, uJonathan Swift wafumana isikhundla kwikhaya likaSir William Temple. Kuqala wayesebenza njenge-amanuensis kaSir William kwaye wagcina iiakhawunti zasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala wagula kwaye wabuyela eIreland ngo-1690. Eyona nto inokwenzeka, yayikukuqala kwesifo sikaMénière, esasimkhathaza ubomi bakhe bonke. EIreland, waqala wakhangela ingqesho entsha, kodwa akakwazanga ukuyifumana. Ke ngoko, wabuyela eNgilane kwaye ekwindla ka-1691, wamkela ingqesho phantsi kuka Sir William Temple kwakhona. Ngeli xesha, wazithemba inkosi yakhe kwaye isikhundla sakhe saphuculwa. USwift ngoku kudityenwe naye ngemicimbi eyahlukeneyo ebalulekileyo. Inkosi yakhe yamazisa kuKing William III kwaye wayedla ngokumthumela eLondon kwimiba eyahlukeneyo ebalulekileyo. Ngoncedo lwakhe, uSwift naye wagqiba izifundo zakhe, efumana isidanga sakhe se-M.A. ngo-1692 eHart Hall, eOxford. Ngexesha elithile ngoku, uSwift naye wathatha ipeni yakhe okokuqala. Waqala ngokubhala imibongo emva koko watshintshela kwizincoko ezimfutshane kwaye ekugqibeleni ngo-1694, waqala wasebenza kwincwadi yakhe yokuqala ethi, 'A Tale of Tub'. Nangona kunjalo, wayengonwabanga. Nangona ukuqeshwa kwakhe eMoor Park kwakusanelisa ngenye indlela, kumnika ixesha elaneleyo lokuzonwabisa kunye nokumvumela ukuba angene kuluntu oluphezulu, waqala wafuna umsebenzi ongcono. Ke, ngo-1694, wayishiya iMoor Park waya eIreland. Apho nge-25 ka-Okthobha i-1694, wonyulwa njengomdikoni ngu-Bhishophu wase-Kildare. Emva kwexesha nge-13 kaJanuwari 1695, wachongwa ukuba abambe kwangaphambili i-Kilroot kwiDayosisi yaseConnor kufutshane naseBelfast. Nangona kunjalo, imeko yayisekude ayonelisi. Ukuphila kwakhe kwakungekho nje kubi, kodwa ekwahlukaniswa kwindawo ekude, kude neziko lamandla, kwamxutha. Ke ngoko, wabuyela kwakhona eMoor Park ngoMeyi ka-1696. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Waqala ke ngoku ukuncedisa uSir William Temple ngokubhala imemo yakhe kunye nokupapashwa kwayo. Ngeli xesha, uSwift ubhale kwakhona 'Idabi leNcwadi' ukuphendula ukugxekwa kuka-Sir William Temple 'Isincoko sokuFunda kwaMandulo nalaMhlanje.' Wahlala eNgilani ngokunxulumene nomsebenzi wakhe kwimemori yeTempile iinyanga ezimbalwa. Emva koko, akazange aphumelele ukuya kuKumkani uWilliam efuna uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. 
Izicatshulwa: Ubugcisa Ababhali baseIreland Iinoveli zabesilisa Iinoveli zaseIreland Njengombhali Okokugqibela, engakwazi ukufumana nantoni na exabisekileyo, uSwift wamkela isikhundla sokuba ngunobhala kunye nomfundisi kwi-Earl yaseBerkeley, enye ye-Lords Justice yase-Ireland. Ngelishwa, xa wenza uhambo olude ukusuka eNgilani ukuya eIreland, weva ukuba kukho umntu omiselweyo endaweni yakhe. Nangona wayephoxekile wahlala e-Ireland kwaye ngo-1700, wafumana isikhundla sokuqala kuka-Dunlavin kwi-Cathedral yaseSt Patrick, eDublin. Ngaxeshanye, wayengumfundisi weNkosi uBerkeley. Ngo-1702, uSwift wafumana isidanga sakhe sobugqirha kwi-Trinity College, eDublin. Kuba ibandla lalilincinci kakhulu, wayengenanto ingako ayenzayo kwaye enexesha elaneleyo esandleni sakhe ngoku wayegxile ekubhaleni. Nangona kunjalo, njengomfundisi weNkosi uBerkeley, wayehlala ehamba eDublin naseLondon. Ngo-1704, ngethuba wayetyelele eNgilani, wapapasha incwadi ethi ‘A Tale of Tub’ kunye ‘The Battle of the Books’. Nangona iCawa yaseNgilani yayingabamkeli, yathandwa ngokubanzi.Ababhali beSagittarius Amadoda eSagittarius Ukungena kwezopolitiko Emva koko, uJonathan Swift wazibandakanya kwezopolitiko kwaye watyelela eLondon amatyeli aliqela ukusuka ngo-1707 ukuya ku-1710. Eyona njongo yakhe yayikukucenga urhulumente wase-Whig ukuba andise izibonelelo ezazifunyanwa ngoomabhalane bamaNgesi koogxa babo baseIreland. Nangona kunjalo, akaphumelelanga kuloo nto. Ke ngo-1710, xa i-Tories yaqala ukulawula, u-Swift wonyulwa waba ngumhleli we 'The Examiner' kwaye wakhonza iphephandaba ukusukela ngo-Novemba 1710 ukuya ku-1714. -kwenza iintlanganiso. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi nge-17 kaNovemba, wapapasha i-'Ukuziphatha kwama-Allies kunye noMphathiswa oMva kwexesha nokuQala kwiMfazwe yangoku ', apho ahlasela khona urhulumente wase-Whig ngokusilela ukuphelisa imfazwe neFrance. Uqhubeke nezinto awazenzayo ngokoqobo kwaye ngo-1713 waseka iScriblerus Club kunye no-Alexander Pope, John Gay, noJohn Arbuthnot. Yayingumbutho ongacwangciswanga wababhali kwaye waba lelinye lawona malungu aphambili. 
Izicatshulwa: Wena Buyela eIreland UJonathan Swift wayenethemba lokuba iinkonzo zakhe kwiTories ziya kuvuzwa ngokuqeshwa kwicawa eNgilane. Nangona kunjalo, ayiphumelelanga ukubakho ngenxa yenkcaso evela ku-Queen Anne. Kwangelo xesha, kwacaca ukuba iiTories kungekudala ziya kuphulukana namandla. Ke ngoko xa ngo-1713, waqeshwa njenge-Dean ye-St. Patrick's Cathedral, eDublin, u-Swift wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele e-Ireland. Ekuqaleni, wayengonelisekanga kakhulu kwaye wayithelekisa imeko yakhe nempuku enetyhefu emngxunyeni. Ngenxa yoko, akazange abhale ixesha elide. Emva kwexesha, waqala wabhala iincwadana zokuxhasa izizathu zaseIreland. Nangona bamenza i-Irish Patriot, urhulumente akazange ayamkele kwaye wazama ukumthulisa esebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. ‘Iileta zakhe zedrapier’ yingqokelela yeencwadana ezisixhenxe ezilolu hlobo. Kwangelo xesha, waqalisa umsebenzi wobugcisa, 'Ukuhambela kwizizwe ezikude zehlabathi, kwiindawo ezine nguLemuel Gulliver, ugqirha wokuqala, emva koko waba ngumphathi weenqanawa ezininzi. Ngo-1728, u-Esther Johnson, iqabane lakhe ekudala eswelekile. Yalandelwa luthotho lokusweleka, olwalukhathaza iSwift ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elikhulu. Kungekudala waphulukana nomdla kwimicimbi yase-England kwaye endaweni yoko wagxila ekubhaleni iincwadana zokuxhasa injongo yase-Ireland. Ngo-1729, wapapasha 'Isindululo esiThobekileyo sokuthintela abantwana baBantu abahluphekileyo ekubeni babe ngumthwalo kubazali babo okanye kwilizwe labo, kunye nokwenza ukuba baxhamle kwi-Publick'. Eyaziwa ngokubanzi njenge 'Isiphakamiso Esithobekileyo' yayingumsebenzi wakhe wokugqibela omkhulu. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Imisebenzi emikhulu Uhambo lukaGulliver, olwapapashwa okokuqala ngomhla wama-28 kweyeDwarha ngo-1726 lwaze lwalungiswa ngo-1735, ngowona msebenzi wakhe udumileyo. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo njengodidi lwoncwadi lwesiNgesi, abaninzi ngempazamo bayigqala njengencwadi yabantwana. Ngokwenyani, sisothuselo seprose, awasibhalela ukuba 'silikhathaze ilizwe kunokuba siliphambukise.' 'Isindululo sakhe esiThozamileyo' sikwangumbuzo ocacileyo wobuso. Ayisihlekisi nje kuphela umgaqo-nkqubo wase-Bhritane oya eIreland, kodwa nakwizimo zengqondo ezingenasidima ezijamelene namahlwempu. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Ngelixa wayehlala eMoor Park, uJonathan Swift wadibana no-Esther Johnson oneminyaka esibhozo, owayengumama ongumhlolokazi owayeyiqabane likadadewabo kaSir William Temple, uLady Giffard. Ekuqaleni, wenza njengomhlohli wakhe kwaye wamnika isiteketiso, uStella. Kancinci, ngaphandle kokwahluka ngokweminyaka, baba ngabahlobo abasenyongweni. Emva kwexesha, ngo-Okthobha u-1702, u-Esther, ngoku wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala, waqala ukuhlala naye endlwini yakhe e-Ireland. Nangona abaninzi babarhanela ukuba batshate ngokufihlakeleyo, abukho ubungqina bokuba. Ngaphezu koko, uRebecca Dingley, elinye ilungu lendlu kaWilliam Temple, naye wayehlala kwindlu enye nabo. Ngeli xesha ngo-1707, ngelixa wayehlala eLondon, wadibana no-Esther Vanhomrigh, awambiza ngokuba nguVanessa. Kwiminyaka eyi-16-17 babenolwalamano olunzulu; kodwa xa ngo-1723, wamcela ukuba angamboni uStella, wala. Oku kubuphelisile ubudlelwane babo. Kukholelwa ukuba ngeli xesha, wayenobudlelwane no-Anne Long, ekuthiwa ngumzala kaVanessa. Baqala ukuhlangana kwindlu kaVanessa ngo-1707 kwaye kamva ubuhlobo bakhula phakathi kwabo. Nangona kunjalo, ayizange ifikelele kubungakanani obufanayo nobudlelwane bakhe noVanessa okanye uStella. UJonathan Swift wachaphazeleka kakhulu xa uStella wabhubha ngomhla wama-28 kuJanuwari ngo-1728. Wahlala ecaleni kwebhedi yakhe, eqamba imithandazo, kwaye eyenzela imbeko kuye, wabhala 'Ukufa kukaNkosk. Johnson.' Kamva wamngcwaba eSt. Icawa enkulu. Ukufa kungekudala kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo ebomini bakhe kwaye ngo-1731, wabhala eyakhe ingcwaba ethi ‘Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift.’ Emva koko ukususela kwinxalenye yamva yeshumi leminyaka, waqala ukubonisa uphawu lokugula; kokubini ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni. Ngo-1742, uSwift wabethwa yintlungu kwaye waphulukana nokuthetha. Emva koko, imeko yakhe yengqondo yabanzima kakhulu kangangokuba kwafuneka ukuba kunyulwe abagcini bokujongana nemicimbi yakhe. Wahlala kwiimeko ezinjalo phantse iminyaka emithathu phambi kokuba asweleke nge-19 ka-Okthobha ngo-1745. Kule minyaka, imisebenzi yakhe yaphembelela ababhali abaninzi kunye nezifundiswa, phakathi kwabo nguJohn Ruskin noGeorge Orwell. I-Swift crater, ebekwe eDeimos, enye yeenyanga ezimbini ezijikeleze iMars, iye yabizwa ngegama lakhe ikakhulu kuba wayeqikelele ubukho bezi nyanga kwangaphambi kokuba zifunyanwe. Inqaku I-Trim, apho uSwift ahlala khona ixesha elide, ephindayo ebamba umthendeleko obizwa ngokuba yi-Trim Swift Festival.
