Usuku lokuzalwa: UDisemba 18 , Ngo-1878
Wafa eneminyaka: 74
Umqondiso welanga: Isagittarius
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Jojiya
Uzalwe e:IGori, eGeorgia
Idume njenge:Inguquko yamaKomanisi kunye noMlawuli we-USSR yangaphambili
Iingcaphuno zikaJoseph Stalin Oozwilakhe
umbono wezopolitiko:Iqela lamaKomanisi eSoviet Union
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-: Yakov Dzhugashvili USvetlana Allilu ... UVladimir Putin UMikhail Gorbachev
Wayengubani uJoseph Stalin?
UJoseph Vissarionovich Stalin, uzwilakhe ophikisayo waseRussia, wazalelwa eGeorgia kubukhosi baseRussia kwinxalenye yamva yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kusapho oluhlwempuzekileyo. Utsaliwe kwangoko ebomini bakhe kwiinjongo zikaVladimir Lenin, wajoyina iiBolsheviks phantse kwasekusekweni kwakhe kwaye kungekudala wazenzela indawo ngokwazi kombutho wakhe, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha loGuquko luka-Okthobha. Kamva xa iiBolsheviks zangena emandleni, wakhawuleza wanyuka ukuba abe nguNobhala Jikelele weqela. Waqala wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe ukudibanisa isikhundla sakhe kwaye emva koko waphelisa bonke abachasi bakhe ukuba abe yinkokheli ephezulu yelizwe, eqhubeka nokulawula iRussia ngesandla sesinyithi de wasweleka eneminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe anesine. Nangona engatshatanga waphakamisa iRussia ukusuka kwilizwe elibuyayo ukuya kwigunya elikhulu lehlabathi, wayekwanoxanduva lokufa kwabantu kunye nokugxothwa. Ngeli xesha lokuphatha kwakhe i-USSR yaba lilizwe lesibini ukuphuhlisa ibhombu yenyukliya. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, abangena ezihlangwini zakhe, ngokukodwa uNikita Khrushchev, waligxeka ilifa lakhe kwaye waqalisa inkqubo yokuchithwa kukaStalin.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stalin_1920-1.jpg (Umbhali ongaziwayo, Indawo yasesidlangalaleni, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stalin_1902-1.jpg (Ulawulo lweBatum Gendarme, indawo kaRhulumente, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Stalin%27s_Mug_Shot.jpg (Umbhali ongaziwayo, Indawo yasesidlangalaleni, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Stalin_in_exile_1915.jpg (Ayaziwa, kwaye mhlawumbi ayiqinisekanga., Indawo yoluntu, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Stalin-Lenin-Kalinin-1919.jpg (KwiNdawo yoLuntu)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Joseph_Stalin,_1912.jpg (Umbhali ongaziwayo Umbhali ongaziwayo, Indawo yasesidlangalaleni, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stalin_1917-1.6_highly_photoshopped.jpg (Umbhali ongaziwayo, CC BY-SA 4.0, nge-Wikimedia Commons)UkufaQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiIiNkokeli zeSagittarius Iinkokheli zopolitiko zaseRussia Amadoda eSagittarius Iosebenza waba nguStalin Emva kokushiya i-seminary, u-Ioseb waba ngumabhalane eTiflis Metropolitan Observatory. Nangona umvuzo wenyanga wama-ruble angama-20 wawuphantsi ngokwentelekiso, oko kwakumnika ixesha elininzi kwimisebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko, eyayipheleliselwe ekunikeni iintetho, ukukhokela imiboniso, nokulungiselela uqhankqalazo. Xa ngobusuku besi-3 ku-Epreli 1901 uninzi lwamaqabane akhe babanjwa, u-Ioseb wangena phantsi komhlaba, ephila ngeminikelo evela kubantu abafuna okuhle. Ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili, waba ngumvukeli ngokusisigxina. Ngo-Okthobha u-1901 wafudukela eBatumi, apho wafumana khona umsebenzi kumatshini wokucoca ioyile ophethwe yiRothschilds. Nalapha uqhubekile nemisebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko, eququzelela uthotho logwayimbo, olukhokelele ekufeni kwabantu abaninzi. Kwakhokelela ekubanjweni kwakhe okokuqala nge-8 ku-Epreli 1902. Emva kokubuza ixesha elide, ekugqibeleni wathunyelwa kwilali yaseSiberia yaseNovaya Uda, wafika kwindawo ngomhla we-9 kuDisemba ngo-1903. Kulapha eSiberia awathi wamkela igama lakhe elitsha, uStalin, ngesiRashiya kuthetha intsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, abanye ababhali bezinto eziphilayo bakholelwa ukuba walithatha eli gama kamva ngo-1912.
Ukujoyina iiBolsheviks Nge-Agasti ka-1903, iSocial-Democratic Labor Party yahlulahlulwa yangamacandelo amabini noVladimir Lenin ababumba iiBolsheviks noJulius Martov besenza iMensheviks. Xa uStalin wakwazi oku, wafumana amaphepha obuxoki kwaye ke wemka eSiberia nge-17 kaJanuwari 1904 ngenjongo yokujoyina iiBolsheviks. Ukufika kwakhe eTiflis nge-27 kaJanuwari, wazibhaptiza emsebenzini weqela, eququzelela uqhankqalazo kunye nokubhala nokusasaza izixhobo ezisasazwayo. Uye wanyusa nemali ngeebhanki, ukuxhwila, nokuphanga. Phakathi kwalonto, eyona nto yayiyeyona ibalaseleyo yayikukubamba awakwenzayo ukwenza iyelenqe eTiflis nge-OS kaJuni 12, 1907. Isakhono sakhe sokuququzelela nokwazi ukweyisela abantu bamzisa kufutshane noLenin kwaye kwamenza ukuba akwazi ukuphakama ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba leBolsheviks. NgoJanuwari 1912, wonyulwa kwiKomiti eyiMbindi yokuqala yeBolshevik Party, emva koko waba ngumhleli we ‘Pravda.’ UStalin wabanjwa izihlandlo ezithandathu, uninzi lwazo lwakhokelela ekuthinjweni eSiberia. NgoFebruwari 1917, ngexesha lokugqibela lokuthinjwa kufutshane nommandla weArctic, wabhaliswa emkhosini, kodwa akafunyanwa kwezonyango. Emva koko wachitha iintsuku ezimbalwa zokugqibela elubhacweni e-Achinsk. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Uhlaziyo luka-Okthobha kunye noMva Ukubuyela kwakhe ePetrograd kwi-OS nge-12 kaMatshi 1917, uStalin waphinda waqalisa ukuhlela uPravda. Kuqala, waye wakhuthaza ukusebenzisana norhulumente wethutyana, owayengene emandleni emva koHlaziyo lukaFebruwari. Kamva phantsi kwempembelelo kaLenin, uStalin waba ngumlobi ngakumbi, exhasa ukuthinjwa kwamaBolsheviks ngamagunya omzabalazo. Ngo-Epreli 1917, uStalin wonyulwa waba yiKomiti eyiBolshevik Central kwaye naye wakhetha ukungena kwi-ofisi yakhe kunye noZinoviev, uLenin noKamenev. Oku kwamenza wadlala indima enkulu kubhukuqo-mbuso lwango-Okthobha, ngoku olwaziwa njenge-Revolution ka-Okthobha. Njengokuba iiBolsheviks zazisemandleni ngo-Okthobha u-1917, uStalin wonyulwa njengo-Commissar waBantu weMicimbi yeSizwe. Kungekudala, xa kwaqhambuka imfazwe yamakhaya eRashiya, uLenin waseka amalungu amahlanu ePolitburo, awathi waba lilungu lawo uStalin. UStalin ngoku wayezimisele ukucinezela imfazwe yamakhaya. Ukuya ngokuchasene neminqweno yamanye amalungu ePolitburo, akazange abulale nje kuphela uninzi lwabaphengululi, kodwa wayenabavukeli ababulawa esidlangalaleni njengabangcatshi. Ukoyikisa abalimi, wayenazo iidolophana ezininzi ezatshatyalaliswayo. Ngo-1919, waqeshwa njengo-Mphathiswa woLawulo lweSizwe (okanye uhlolo lwabasebenzi nolwabalimi), isikhundla awasibambayo kwade kwangowe-1923 ngaxeshanye naleyo ka-Commissar waBantu. Ngeli xesha ngo-1922, njengokuba iMfazwe yaseCivic iphelayo, wenziwa ngu-Nobhala Jikelele we-Central Committee yeqela. UStalin wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe njengoNobhala Jikelele ngobuqili, egqogqa iimbangi zakhe, kubandakanya uTrotky noGrigory Zinovyev. Kwangelo xesha, wamisela amahlakani akhe kwizikhundla zikarhulumente, ngaloo ndlela ekhusela isiseko sakhe. Ngexesha abanye beqonda ukuba kwenzeke ntoni, besekude kakhulu. 
Uyaphumelela uLenin Njengokuba uLenin wabhubha ngenxa yokufa icala nge-21 kaJanuwari 1924, umzabalazo wamandla waqhuma phakathi kwamalungu ePolitburo. UStalin ngoku wayezimisele ukutshabalalisa abo angangabo babangabambana naye, ebatyhola ngokuhambelana namazwe ongxowankulu kwaye ebabiza ngokuba 'ziintshaba zabantu'. Abanye, njengoTrotsky, bathunyelwa elubhacweni, apho babulawa kamva, ngelixa abanye babulawa ngokukhethekileyo. Ukuphela kwee-1920s uStalin wayelawula ngokupheleleyo. Kungekudala, waqala ukuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi ngo-1928, uStalin waphelisa umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha ka-Lenin kwezoqoqosho ngakwicandelo lezorhwebo elicwangcisiweyo phantsi kwezicwangciso zeminyaka emihlanu. Nalapha wayenengcwangu kwimfuno yakhe. Abo babengakwazi ukufikelela kwithagethi yabo babanjwa okanye babulawa. Imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe ikhokelele kukwanda okukhulu kwimveliso yamalahle, ioyile, kunye nentsimbi, kwaye kungekudala ilizwe lafumana ukukhula okukhulu kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yezolimo yazisa intlekele enkulu. UStalin uthimbe imihlaba yeefama kwaye wanyanzela abalimi ukuba badibane kulimo oluhlanganyelweyo. Abo bachasayo babedutyulwa babulawa okanye bathunyelwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso ukuba bafe phantsi kweemeko ezibuhlungu. Imveliso yezolimo yaqala ukuwa, ikhokelela kwindlala enkulu kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. Ukwenza isikhundla sakhe sikhuseleke, uStalin naye wenza into entle ngaphakathi kwiqela. Ngomhla woku-1 kuDisemba ngo-1934, wabulawa uSergey Kirov, inkokeli edumileyo yaseLeningrad. Emva koko, wazicoca ngocwangco zonke iinkcaso ezazibakho embuthweni, ngokukodwa esenza iinkokheli ezibalulekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ngaphandle kweenkokheli zantlandlolo, kwasala yena yedwa. Engazimiselanga kuthatha naliphi na ithuba, waphinda wagweba ngenkani iinjengele ezibandakanya uMarshal Mikhail ngezityholo zokungcatsha urhulumente. Ukuthula ilizwi lokungavisisani, emva koko wabeka kulawulo lokoyika. Ukusuka ngo-1937 ukuya ku-1938, wabulala abantu abangama-700,000, uninzi lwabo yayingabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo, abalimi, abenzi bamakhaya, ootitshala, ababingeleli, iimvumi kunye namajoni. Abaninzi bafuduswa, apho babulawa yindlala nezifo. Imfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi Ngo-1939, ngaphambi kokuqalisa kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, uJoseph Stalin wazama ukwenza umfelandawonye neFrance neNgilane ngokuchasene neJamani, kodwa yathi yakuphumelela, watyikitya isivumelwano sokungavisisani noHitler. Oku kwakhuthaza iJamani ukuba ihlasele iPoland, ngaloo ndlela iqala imfazwe. NgoMeyi 1941, uStalin wayeqalisile ukukrokrela iinjongo zikaHitler kwaye ke ngoko wazimisela njengeNkulumbuso yeSoviet Union. Esi yayisisikhundla sakhe sokuqala kurhulumente emva kowe-1923. Kude kube ngoku, ebelawula de facto njengoNobhala Jikelele weqela. Ngelo xesha, ngokubulawa kweenjengele eziphezulu zomkhosi, inkqubo yezokhuseleko yaseRussia yayiphantse ukungasebenzi. Ke ngoko, xa iJamani yahlasela iRussia ngoJuni 22, 1941, khange bajongane nokuxhathisa kwaye bahlala kwinxalenye enkulu yommandla waseRussia. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Uhlaselo olungakhuselekanga, waphosa uStalin kumothuko wethutyana; kodwa kungekudala waziphakamisa kwaye wazimisela njengoMlawuli oyiNtloko kwiNtloko. Ukuhlala eLeningrad, ejikelezwe yimikhosi yaseJamani, waqhuba imfazwe, eququzelela into ehlaselayo. Ngobusika, umkhosi waseSoviet wawulungelelaniswe ngokwaneleyo ukuba uphumelele iMfazwe yaseStalingrad. Nangona kunjalo, yayiliDabi laseKursk, elaphumelela ngehlobo lowe-1943, elathi lajika eli jelo lachasene namaJamani. Imfazwe yaphela njengoko iJamani yavuma ukoyiswa ngoMeyi 1945. Ngoku uStalin wayeliqhawe lemfazwe. Iminyaka edlulileyo Ukuphela kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, uStalin wayexhalabile ngenxa yosongelo lohlaselo oluvela kumazwe aseNtshona Yurophu. Ke ngoko, ukusukela ngo-1945 ukuya kowe-1948, wagxila ekumiseni oorhulumente bobukomanisi kumazwe aliqela aseMpuma Yurophu, ngaloo ndlela esenza indawo ebambekayo phakathi kweRussia neNtshona. Xa ngo-1948 i-Yugoslavia yaphambuka kwinkampu yaseSoviet, uStalin wakhupha ubugrogrisi bokugcina abanye besecaweni lobukomanisi. Ekhaya, olunye uloyiko luqinisekisile ukuba isangqa sobugcisa kunye nesengqondo silandela umgca weqela. Kwiminyaka yakhe yamva, uStalin wakhula ngakumbi paranoid kwaye ngoJanuwari 1953, wagqiba ekubeni enze enye into. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ayenze, wasweleka ngesiquphe. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Nge-OS 16 kaJulayi ngo-1906, uJoseph Stalin watshata noKetevan 'Kato' Svanidze kwi-Cathedral yaseSt. Esi sibini sasinonyana omnye, u-Yakov Iosifovich Jugashvili, owazalwa nge-OS nge-18 Matshi 1907. UKato wasweleka kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe kamva kwi-OS 22 kaNovemba 1907 evela kwi-typhus. Ngo-1919, uStalin watshata okwesibini. Umfazi wakhe, uNadezhda Sergeevna Alliluyeva, wamzalela abantwana ababini; UVasily Iosifovich Stalin (1921) kunye noSvetlana Iosifovna Alliluyeva (1926). Ngo-1932, uNadezhda watyholwa ngokuzibulala emva kokuphambana noStalin kwisidlo sangokuhlwa esidlangalaleni. USvetlana kamva washiya i-USA, ebangela ubushushu. Impilo kaStalin yaqala ukonakala ngasekupheleni kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Ngo-Okthobha u-1945, wahlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, kodwa waqhubeka esenza imisebenzi yakhe, ekhokelela kwindlela yakhe yesiqhelo yokuphila. Ngomhla wesibini kweyoKwindla, wehlelwa sisifo segazi sobuchopho esibangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesisu sokopha; Usweleke kwezi nge-5 Matshi 1953. Ukusweleka kwakhe ngequbuliso kangangokuba abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba lityala lokubulawa. Ngaphandle kokukhohlakala kwakhe, wayeyinkokeli edumileyo kwaye njengoko umzimba wakhe wawungcwatywa, phantse abantu abazizigidi ezili-150 beza kuhlonipha. Ngomhla we-9 kweyoKwindla, amathambo akhe abekwa kwindawo yokungcwaba kaLenin. Kodwa xa inkqubo ye-de-Stalinization iqala, bafuduselwa eKremlin Wall Necropolis.
