Usuku lokuzalwa: Okthobha 2 , Ngo-1869
Wafa eneminyaka: 78
Umqondiso welanga: ILibra
Kwaziwa njenge:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Uzalwe e:IPorbandar, iArhente yeKathiawar, uBukhosi baseBritane bamaIndiya
Idume njenge:INkokeli ye-Indian Independence Movement
Iingcaphuno zika Mahatma Gandhi Kungekudala
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-: Ukubulawa
Ubuntu: INFJ
Iincwadana:Hayi Ram
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:IYunivesithi yaseLondon, iAlfred High School
amabhaso:Ngo-1930 -uMntu woNyaka ngemagazini yeTime
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UKasturba Gandhi UHarilal Gandhi UNarendra Modi UJaggi VasudevWayengubani uMahatma Gandhi?
U-Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wayeligqwetha lase-Indiya elathi laba yinkokeli ephambili yombutho wenkululeko wase-India. Waziwa ngcono njengoMahatma Gandhi, akazange akhokelele i-Indiya kwinkululeko kulawulo lwase-Bhritane kuphela kodwa waphefumlela iintshukumo zamalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko kwihlabathi liphela kwamanye amazwe. Ukhunjulwa kakhulu ngokuqeshwa kwakhe kweendlela ezingenabundlobongela zokungathobeli eluntwini, wakhokela ama-Indiya kwi-Dandi Salt Matshi ukuba baqhankqalaze ngokuchasene nerhafu yetyuwa yase-Bhritane kwaye wasungula iQuit India Movement, uqhankqalazo oluninzi olufuna 'ukurhoxa ngendlela e-Bhritane' e-India. Uzalelwe kusapho lwenkolo e-India yase-Bhritane, wakhuliswa ngabazali abagxininisa kunyamezelo lwenkolo, ukulula kunye nokuziphatha okuqinisekileyo. Njengomfana osemncinci waya eNgilane wayokufundela ubugqwetha kwaye kamva waqalisa ukusebenza eMzantsi Afrika. Apho wabona ubungqina obuxhaphakileyo bobuhlanga kunye nocalucalulo olwamcaphukisa kakhulu. Uchithe amashumi amabini eminyaka apha eMzantsi Afrika kwisithuba apho athe wakhula kakuhle, kwaye wakhokela amaphulo aliqela entlalontle. Ukubuya kwakhe e-India waba nenxaxheba kwi-Indian Independence Movement, ekugqibeleni wakhokelela kwilizwe lakowabo kwinkululeko kulawulo lwase-Bhritane. Wayekwangumlweli woluntu owayekhankasela amalungelo abasetyhini, ukunyamezelana ngokwenkolo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwendlala.Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:
Iimodeli eziDumileyo zeNdima ongathanda ukudibana nazo Abona bantu banempembelelo kwimbali Abantu abadumileyo esinqwenela ukuba babesaphila Abantu abadumileyo abenze ilizwe laba yindawo engcono
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mahatma-Gandhi,_studio,_1931.jpg (Elliott & Fry (jonga [1]) / Indawo yoluntu)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gandhi_suit.jpg (Umbhali ongaziwayo, Indawo yasesidlangalaleni, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mountbattens_with_Gandhi_(IND_5298).jpg (Akukho 9 yoMkhosi weFilimu kunye neYunithi yeFoto, indawo kaRhulumente, nge-Wikimedia Commons)Wena,GuqulaQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiAmadoda amaNdiya IYunivesithi yaseLondon Iinkokeli ezingamadoda Iminyaka eMzantsi Afrika Wazabalaza ngobuchwephesha kule minyaka mibini izayo phambi kokuba amkele ikhontrakthi evela kuDada Abdulla & Co, inkampani yaseIndiya, kwisikhundla kwiKoloni yaseNatali, eMzantsi Afrika, eyinxalenye yoBukhosi baseBritane, ngo-1893. Iminyaka eyachithwa eMzantsi I-Afrika yangqineka ingamava okomoya nezopolitiko kuGandhi. Apho wabona ubungqina awayengenalo nofifi ngalo ngaphambili. Yena, kunye nabo bonke abanye abantu bebala babecalulwa ngokugqithileyo. Ngenye imini xa wayeceliwe ukuba asuke kwiklasi yokuqala kuloliwe ngaphandle kokuba netikiti elifanelekileyo kuphela ngombala wombala wakhe, kwaye ngelinye ixesha wacelwa ukuba asuse unkontsho lwakhe. Wala amaxesha omabini. Ezi ziganeko zamcaphukisa kwaye zafaka kuye umoya wokulwela ubulungisa kwezentlalo. Nangona isivumelwano sakhe sokuqala somsebenzi kunye noDada Abdulla & Co sasinonyaka omnye kuphela, wongeza ukuhlala kwakhe elizweni ukuze alwele amalungelo abantu bomnombo waseIndiya. Uchithe iminyaka engaphaya kwama-20 kweli lizwe ngethuba enceda ekufumaneni i-Indian Indian Congress ejolise ekubumbeni uluntu lwase-Indiya loMzantsi Afrika lube liqela lezopolitiko elimanyeneyo.
Izicatshulwa: Wena Ababhali abangamadoda Amagqwetha angamadoda Iinkokeli zeLibra Buyela eIndiya kunye noMbutho ongasebenzisaniyo U-Mohandas Gandhi waye wazuza igama njengelwela amalungelo oluntu elingenaloyiko ngelixa e-Mzantsi Afrika. UGopal Krishna Gokhale, inkokeli ephezulu ye-Indian National Congress, ucele uGandhi ukuba abuyele e-India kwaye ajoyine nabanye kumzabalazo wenkululeko wase-India. UGandhi wabuyela e-India ngo-1915. Wajoyina i-Indian National Congress kwaye ngo-1920 wazibonakalisa njengoyena mntu ubalaseleyo kwezopolitiko zase-India. Wayewungqongqo ngokungqongqo kumgaqo wokungabinabundlobongela kwaye wayekholelwa ekubeni iindlela zokungathobeli eluntwini zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokubhikisha ngokuchasene nolawulo lwaseBritane. Ucele onke ama-Indiya ukuba amanyane njengomntu omnye nokuba yeyiphi na inkolo, inkolo nenkolo kumlo welizwe wenkululeko. Ukhuthaze ukungabambisani nomthetho wase-Bhritane, obandakanya ukoyiswa kweempahla zase-Bhritane ngenxa yeemveliso zase-India. Ukwabize ukuba boyike amaziko emfundo ase-Bhritane kwaye wabongoza ama-Indiya ukuba arhoxe kurhulumente. Intshukumo yokungasebenzisani yafumana isibheno esasasazekayo kulo lonke elaseIndiya esaphazamisa kakhulu iBritane. UGandhi wabanjwa, wazama ukuvukela urhulumente, kwaye wavalelwa iminyaka emibini (1922-24). Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiAmatshantliziyo angamadoda Ababhali baseIndiya Amatshantliziyo aseIndiya Ityiwa Satyagraha Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1920 urhulumente wase-Bhritane wonyula ikhomishini entsha yohlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko phantsi koMhlekazi uJohn Simon kodwa engabandakanyi namnye umIndiya njengelungu lakhe. Oku kwamcaphukisa uGandhi owanyanzelisa isigqibo kwiCalcutta Congress ngoDisemba 1928 efuna urhulumente wase-Bhritane ukuba anike i-India iwonga okanye ajongane nelinye iphulo lokungabinantsebenziswano elijolise ekufumaneni inkululeko epheleleyo yelizwe. I-Bhritane ayikhange iphendule kwaye ke i-Indian National Congress igqibe kwelokuba ibhengeze inkululeko ye-India-iPurna Swaraj. Nge-31 kaDisemba ngo-1929, iflegi yase-India yatyhilwa kwiseshoni ye-Lahore ye-Indian National Congress kwaye inkululeko yase-India yabhengezwa. ICongress icele abemi ukuba bazibophelele ngokungathobeli eluntwini de i-India ifumane inkululeko. Ngelo xesha, iBritish's Law Laws eyayithintela amaIndiya ekuqokeleleni nasekuthengiseni ityuwa kwaye ibanyanzela ukuba bahlawule ityuwa eninzi yaseBritane. UGandhi wasungula i-Matshi yeTyuwa, uqhanqalazo olungenabundlobongela ngokuchasene nerhafu eyanyanzeliswa yi-Bhritane nge-Matshi 1930. Wakhokela umngcelele weekhilomitha ezingama-388 (241 miles) ukusuka e-Ahmedabad ukuya eDandi, eGujarat ukuya kuzenzela ityiwa. Waye wajoyina amawaka abalandeli kwesi senzo sokomfuziselo wokuchasana nolawulo lwaseBritane. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni abanjwe kwaye avalelwe kunye nabalandeli bakhe abangaphezu kwama-60,000. Uqhubeke nokudlala indima ebonakalayo kwinkululeko emva kokukhululwa kwakhe. 
Izicatshulwa: Ngaba Iingcali zefilosofi zaseNdiya Amagqwetha amaIndiya kunye neejaji Iinkokeli zezopolitiko zaseIndiya Yeka intshukumo yaseIndiya Umbutho wobuzwe wawusele unamandla kakhulu ngexesha lokuqhambuka kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi ngo-1939. Phakathi kwemfazwe, uGandhi wasungula elinye iphulo lokungathobeli, iQuit India Movement, efuna ukuba 'kurhoxe kurhulumente waseBritane' e-India. Wanika intetho ephehlelela intshukumo nge-8 ka-Agasti ka-1942, efuna ukumiselwa, kodwa ukuxhathisa. Nangona intshukumo ifumene inkxaso enkulu, waye wajongana nokugxekwa ngamaqela ezopolitiko aphikisana neBritane. Wayegxekwa ngenxa yokwala kwakhe ngokungqongqo ukuxhasa iBritane kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, njengoko abanye babecinga ukuba ayilunganga ukuxhasa iBritane kumlo wayo neJamani yamaNazi. Ngaphandle kokugxekwa, uMahatma Gandhi wahlala eqinile ekuthobeleni umthetho-siseko wobundlobongela kwaye wabongoza onke amaNdiya ukuba agcine abafundi kumzabalazo wabo wenkululeko yokugqibela. Kwisithuba seeyure zentetho yakhe enamandla, uGandhi kunye nayo yonke ikomiti esebenzayo yeCongress babanjwa ngabaseBritane. Waye wavalelwa iminyaka emibini kwaye wakhululwa phambi kokuphela kwemfazwe ngo-Meyi ka-1944. I-Quit India Movement yaba yeyona ntshukumo inamandla kwimbali yomzabalazo wenkululeko wase-India kwaye kukholelwa ukuba yadlala indima enkulu ekuzuzeni i-Indiya. Ngo-1947. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiAmadoda eLibra Ukuzimela kweIndiya kunye nokwahlulahlula Ngelixa i-Indian National Congress kunye no-Gandhi befuna i-Bhritane ukuba iyeke i-India, i-Muslim League yadlulisa isigqibo sokuba bohlule bayeke. UGandhi wayechasene nombono wokwahlula njengoko wawuphikisana nombono wakhe wobunye benkolo. UGandhi ucebise ukuba iCongress kunye ne-Muslim League basebenzisane kwaye bafumane inkululeko phantsi korhulumente wethutyana, kwaye bathathe isigqibo malunga nomba wesahlulelo kamva. UGandhi wayekhathazeke ngokunzulu yingcinga yokwahlulahlula kwaye wazama ngandlela zonke ukumanyanisa amaIndiya aziinkolo ezahlukeneyo noluntu. Xa uMbutho wamaSilamsi wawufuna uSuku lokuSebenza ngokuthe ngqo ngomhla we-16 Agasti 1946, lwakhokelela kuqhushululu nokubulawa kwabantu phakathi kwamaHindu namaSilamsi kwisixeko saseCalcutta. Ekhathazekile, uGandhi ngokobuqu watyelela ezona ndawo zixakeke zizidubedube kwaye wazama ukunqanda ukubulawa kwabantu. Ngaphandle kwemizamo yakhe emihle, uSuku lokuSebenza ngokuthe ngqo lwaphawula ezona mbambano zimbi zase-Bhritane zase-India ezazibonile kwaye zaqala uthotho lwezidubedube kwenye indawo elizweni. Xa inkululeko yafezekiswa nge-15 ka-Agasti 1947, ikwabona ukusekwa kolawulo olutsha lweIndiya kunye nePakistan kulandela iSahlulo seIndiya apho ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sesigidi baphulukana nobomi babo kunye nezigidi ezili-14 zamaHindu, amaSikh namaSilamsi. Amabhaso kunye neMpumelelo URabindranath Tagore, omkhulu waseIndiya, wanikwa isihloko seMahatma (esithetha ngomphefumlo ophakamileyo 'okanye ohloniphekileyo' eSanskrit), kuMohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Iphephancwadi i-'Time 'eligama linguGandhi iNdoda yoNyaka ngo-1930. UGandhi wonyulwa kwi-Nobel Peace Prize kahlanu phakathi kowe-1937 nowe-1948 nangona engazange anikwe mbasa. IKomiti yeNobel ibhengeze esidlangalaleni ukuzisola kwayo ngokushiya amashumi eminyaka kamva. Usapho kunye noBomi baBakho U-Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi watshata noKasturbai Makhanji Kapadia kumtshato ohleliweyo ngoMeyi 1883. Wayeneminyaka eli-13 ubudala kwaye uKasturbai wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala ngexesha lomtshato wabo. Umtshato uvelise abantwana abahlanu kubo abane basinda ebudaleni. Amagama abantwana bakhe yayingu: Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas, kunye no-Devdas Umfazi wakhe naye waba ngumlindi woluntu ngokwakhe kamva. UGandhi wayengumbhali ophumeleleyo kwaye wabhala iincwadi ezininzi kubandakanya neembali zembali ethi 'Ibali lamaNzame am neNyaniso', 'iSatyagraha eMzantsi Afrika', kunye 'neHind Swaraj okanye iNdlela yaseKhaya yaseIndiya'. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Wabulawa nge-30 kaJanuwari ngo-1948 ngu-Nathuram Vinayak Godse, umlweli wobuzwe ongumHindu owadubula iimbumbulu ezintathu esifubeni sikaGandhi kwindawo engenanto eBirla House (ngoku eyiGandhi Smriti) eNew Delhi. Phambi kokubulawa kwakhe, zazingaphumelelanga iinzame ezintlanu zokumbulala. Amanqaku ayi-10 aphezulu obungazi malunga noMahatma Gandhi UMahatma Gandhi wonyulwa amabhaso oXolo lukaNobel amatyeli amahlanu kwaye ikomiti izisola ngokungamniki mbasa ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla. UGandhi wayekholelwa ekubeni ukuhamba lolona hlobo lomthambo kwaye uhamba ujikeleze i-18 km yonke imihla, kangangeminyaka engama-40! Intshukumo yakhe yokungathobeli eyakhuthaza amawaka kwihlabathi liphela yayiphefumlelwe nguBritani, uHenry Stephens Salt, owazisa uGandhi kwimisebenzi kaHenry David Thoreau eyayinefuthe elikhulu ekucingeni kwakhe. UGandhi wayenoxanduva lokuhamba kwamaLungelo oLuntu kumazwe ali-12 kumazwekazi amane. Wayethetha isiNgesi ngendlela ebethetha ngayo eIreland, kuba omnye wootitshala bakhe bokuqala wayengumIreland. Ngelixa wayelapha eMzantsi Afrika, uGandhi wakhuthaza ibhola ekhatywayo kwimikhankaso yakhe engenabundlobongela kwaye wanceda ukuseka iiklabhu zebhola ezintathu eThekwini, ePitoli naseGoli. Umsunguli we-Apple uSteve Jobs wayengumlandeli kaMahatma Gandhi kwaye wayenxibe iiglasi ezijikelezayo njengembeko kwindoda enkulu. Wabhalelana nabantu abaninzi abadumileyo bexesha lakhe kubandakanya uLeo Tolstoy, uEinstein noHitler. I-Great Britain-ilizwe kanye alwa nalo kwi-India yokufuna inkululeko-yakhupha isitampu ngembeko ngo-1969. Iimpahla awayezinxibe xa wayedutyulwa zisalondolozwe kwiGandhi Museum, eMadurai.
