Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoNovemba 10 ,1483
Wafa eneminyaka: 62
Umqondiso welanga: IScorpio
Uzalwe e:Eisleben, eJamani
Idume njenge:Uyise wobuProtestanti kunye noHlaziyo lweCawa
Iingcaphuno zikaMartin Luther Abefundisi
Usweleke kwi: NgoFebruwari 18 ,1546
Ubuntu: INTJ
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi
Kuyacetyiswa Wena
Upopu Benedict XVI U-Eckhart Tolle UAlbert Hildegard ka-Bi ...Wayengubani uMartin Luther?
UMartin Luther wayengumfundisi waseJamani owayengumntu ophambili kuHlaziyo lwamaProtestanti. Unjingalwazi wezakwalizwi nowayesakuba yimonki, waziwa ukuba nguye owaqala uHlaziyo lwamaProtestanti ngenkulungwane ye-16 yaseYurophu eyatshintsha indlela yaseNtshona. Akaphelelanga nje ekulahleni iimfundiso kunye nezenzo zeLate Medieval Catholic Church, kodwa wayichasa kabukhali inkolelo yokuba inkululeko kwisohlwayo sikaThixo ngenxa yesono ingathengwa ngemali. Uzalelwe kwintsapho yamaKatolika, wayenomdla kwithiology nakwifilosofi esemncinci. Ngenye imini xa wayengumfana waphantse wabethwa ngumbane ngexesha lesiphango. Esoyika, wafunga kuThixo ukuba uyakuba yimonki ukuba uyasinda esinda. Ke ngoko waqalisa ubomi obunikezelwe kwinkolo kwaye wazuza isidanga sobugqirha kwi-Theology. Ekuqaleni wayengumlandeli wobuKatolika, ekugqibeleni wazilahla iinkolelo zakhe ezininzi kwaye waguqula ezinye iinkolelo ezisisiseko zenkolo yobuKrestu eyakhokelela ekwahlulweni kweNgqobhoko yeNtshona yaba ngamacandelo amabini: ubuRoma Katolika kunye namasiko amaProtestanti asandula ukusekwa. UPopu Leo X kunye noMlawuli oyiNgcwele oyiRoma uCharles V bacatshukiswa zizenzo zikaLuther kwaye bamcela ukuba arhoxe bonke ubugqi bakhe. Akazange avume ukwenjenjalo yaye wasikwa ngaphandle ngupopu.Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:
Iimodeli eziDumileyo zeNdima ongathanda ukudibana nazo Abona bantu banempembelelo kwimbali
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.jpg (U-Lucas Cranach uMdala / indawo kaRhulumente)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Martin_Luther_as_an_Augustinian_Monk.jpg (Iworkshop kaLucas Cranach uMdala, indawo yoluntu, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Bildnis_Luthers_als_Junker_J%C3%B6rg_(Leipzig).jpg (ULucas Cranach uMdala, indawo kaRhulumente, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXK9NNp1yk4 (URick Steves waseYurophu)MnaQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiIingqondi zaseJamani kunye nezifundo Iinkokheli Zomoya Nezenkolo zaseJamani Amadoda eScorpio Kamva uBomi Emva kokuba egqibe kwelokuba anikezele ngobomi bakhe kwinkolo, waqala izifundo zakwalizwi kwiYunivesithi yase-Erfurt ngo-1507; wamiselwa ububingeleli kwangalo nyaka. Wadlulela kwikhaya loonongendi lika-Augustine eWittenberg kunyaka olandelayo, waza wafumana isidanga se-bachelor kwizifundo zebhayibhile ngo-1508, nesinye isidanga se-bachelor kwizigwebo zika-Peter Lombard ngo-1509. Kungekudala wajoyina i-faculty yeYunivesithi yaseWittenberg apho wayeza kuchitha khona lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1517, uPopu Leo X wabhengeza umjikelo omtsha woxolelo ukuze kuncedwe kwakhiwe iSt. Peter's Basilica. Le ntshukumo yamcaphukisa kakhulu uLuther owayeqinisekile ukuba icawa yonakele ngeendlela zayo. Wabhala i-‘Theses 95 ’, ngokuziphindezela apho wayegxeka kanobom iinkolelo ezithile zeCawe yamaKhatholika kwaye efuna uhlaziyo. Emva koko wabethelela isicatshulwa kumnyango weyunivesithi kwaye wakwabelana ngeekopi nabahlobo bakhe abanomdla ofanayo ukuze zisasazwe ebantwini. ’IiTses ezingama-95 zazisasazwe ngokubanzi kulo lonke elaseJamani naseYurophu, zaya kufikelela eFransi, eNgilani naseItali, ngaloo ndlela zibhengeza ukuqala koHlaziyo lwamaProtestanti. U-Archbishop Albrecht waseMainz naseMagdeburg wayevutha ngumsindo nguLuther ‘The 95 Theses’ kunye nokuma kwakhe ngokuchasene nokuxolelwa kwezono nanjengoko u-Archbishop ngokwakhe wayefuna ingeniso evela kuhlawulelo ukuze ahlawule ixesha likapopu. Yiloo nto ke kwathethisisi yakhe wajonga ukuba akukho qhekeko na wayithumela eRoma. Akuba efumene le theses, uPopu Leo X wathumela uthotho lwabefundisi bezakwalizwi kunye nabathunywa ngokuchasene noLuther. Kodwa oku akuzange kumthintele uLuther ekuthetheni okucingayo; enyanisweni, oku komeleze imfundiso yakhe yokuchasa upopu. Ngoku wade wathi iBhayibhile ayimniki upopu ilungelo elikhethekileyo lokutolika izibhalo, kwaye wathandabuza igunya likapopu. Upopu wacaphuka ngakumbi kuLuther waza wamthumelela ileta ngo-1520, esongela uLuther ngokumsika ecaweni ngaphandle kokuba wayezirhoxisa izivakalisi ezingama-41 ezivela kwimibhalo yakhe, kuquka ezingama-95, zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingama-60. ULuther wayitshisa le ncwadi esidlangalaleni, esongeza kupopu. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ngenxa yoko, upopu wagxotha uLuther ngoJanuwari 1521, kwi-yenkomo iDecet Romanum Pontificem. Ngoku uLuther wayeyalelwe ukuba avele phambi kweDiet of Worms, indibano ngokubanzi yamacandelo oBukhosi obuNgcwele baseRoma obabuseWorms. U-Luther wavela ngokomyalelo phambi kwe-Diet of Worms ngo-1521. UMlawuli uCharles V waqalisa i-Imperial Diet apho uLuther wanikwa iikopi zemibhalo yakhe waze wabuza ukuba uyayimela na imixholo yazo. Wala ukurhoxa kwimibhalo yakhe, kwathiwa ungumqhekeki. ULuther wajongana nomngcipheko wokubanjwa kwaye wancedwa ngabahlobo bakhe ukuba abaleke. Wahlala eWartburg castle e-Eisenach apho aqhubeka khona nemisebenzi yakhe. Uguqulele iTestamente Entsha ukusuka kwisiGrike wayisa kwisiJamani kwaye wabhala imixholo ethi ‘On Confession, Enoba uPopu unawo na amandla okuyifuna’ kunye ‘noMgwebo kaMartin Luther kwiMonastic Vows’. Ngexesha lakhe lokugqibela waququzelela icawa entsha, ubuLuthere, kwaye wafumana abalandeli abaninzi. Ngo-1533, waqala ukusebenza njenge-dean ye-theology kwiYunivesithi yaseWittenberg, isikhundla awayesibambe kwade kwasekufeni kwakhe.
Izicatshulwa: Akunakuze,Yedwa Imisebenzi emikhulu UMartin Luther ubizwa ngokuba nguye owakhokelela kuHlaziyo lwamaProtestanti olwaqala njengelinge lokuguqula iCawa yamaRoma Katolika. Wacel 'umngeni igunya lobupapa, kwaye wazama ukuguqula iimfundiso ezithile zobuKristu ngemibhalo yakhe. Ukongeza, iingoma zakhe zakhuthaza ukukhula kwengoma yebandla ebuKristwini. Uguqulele iBhayibhile ukusuka kwisiHebhere nakwisiGrike samandulo ukuya kulwimi lwaseJamani olwenza ukuba iZibhalo zifikeleleke ngakumbi kumntu oqhelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelele kwimpembelelo enkulu kwicawa nakwinkcubeko yaseJamani. Iinguqulelo zakhe azincedi kuphela ekwandiseni ubuKristu, kodwa zancedisa kuphuhliso lwenguqulelo esemgangathweni yolwimi lwaseJamani. Wabhala i-'The 95 Theses 'ethathwa ngokubanzi njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo yoHlaziyo lwamaProtestanti. Ezi theses zibuza umkhuba weCawa yamaKatolika wokuthengisa uxolelo kunye nokuhlukumeza oomabhalane, ngakumbi ubuhlobo, isimon, inzala, kunye nobuninzi. Ubomi boBuntu kunye neLifa Watshata noKatharina von Bora, ongomnye woonongendi awayebancedisile ekubalekeni kwikhaya loonongendi laseNimbschen Cistercian. Wayeneminyaka engama-41 ngelo xesha kwaye isigqibo sakhe sokutshata sothusa abantu abaninzi. Umtshato wesibini ubeka umzekelo wokwenza umtshato wobufundisi ngaphakathi kobuProtestanti. Babenomtshato owonwabileyo okhokelela ekuzalweni kwabantwana abathandathu. Wayekhathazwa yimpilo ebudaleni kwiminyaka yakhe yamva, ekhathazwa zizifo ezininzi ezinje ngamatye ezintso, isifo samathambo, iingxaki zentliziyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya. Wafa ngoFebruwari 18, 1546, eneminyaka engama-62 ubudala. UMartin Luther uthathwa njengomntu onegalelo kwimpikiswano ngoHlaziyo. Uzukisiwe nge-18 kaFebruwari ngesikhumbuzo kwiKhalenda yamaLuthere yaBangcwele nakwiKhalenda yabaNgcwele ye-Episcopal (United States). 
Izicatshulwa: Wena,Guqula
