Usuku lokuzalwa: Epreli 4 , Ngo-1928 Abantu abadumileyo abamnyama bazalwa nge-4 ka-Epreli

Wafa eneminyaka: 86

Umqondiso welanga: IiAries

Kwaziwa njenge:UMarguerite Annie Johnson

Ilizwe lokuzalwa: eunited States

Uzalwe e:Louis, eMissouri, United States

Idume njenge:Imbongi

Iingcaphuno NguMaya Angelou Zoluntu

Ukuphakama: 6'0 '(183i-CM),6'0 'Abafazi

Iqabane / Ex-:I-Enistasious Tosh Angelos (d. 1951-1954), Paul du Feu (d. 1974-1983)

utata:UBailey Johnson

umama:UVivian Baxter Johnson

abantakwenu:UBailey Johnson Jr.

abantwana:UGuy Johnson

Iqabane:IVusumzi Yenza (1961-1962)

Usweleke kwi: Ngomhla we-28 kaMeyi , Ngo-2014

indawo yokufa:UWinston-Salem, North Carolina, eUnited States

U.S. Urhulumente: EMissouri,UmAfrika-waseMelika Ukusuka eMissouri

Isixeko: Louis, eMissouri

Imfundo:Isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo iGeorge Washington, iSikolo sezaBasebenzi eCalifornia

Umsebenzi woLuntu:Idityaniswa 'noMartin Luther King, Jr. Memorial'

Kuyacetyiswa Wena

Ngubani uMaya Angelou?

UMaya Angelou wayengumlobi waseMelika, umgqugquzeli wamalungelo oluntu kunye nomlobi. Uyaziwa ngokupapasha iimbali ezisixhenxe ezibalisa ngobomi bakhe bobuntwana kunye namava okufikisa. AmaMaya ajongene neengxaki ezininzi zasekhaya njengomntwana. Emncinci eneminyaka esibhozo ubudala, waxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ngumfana kanina. Ngoxa wayekhula, wayengenayo indawo yokuhlala kwaye kwakufuneka ahambe kwiindawo ezininzi kunye nomkhuluwa wakhe. Ngaphandle kobuntwana obunzima kunye nokufikisa, akazange avumele umoya wakhe ukuba wophuke. Waqala ukusebenza njengomqhubi wekhabhathi, emva koko waba ngumdanisi kunye nemvumi. Kungekudala, wafunda iilwimi ezininzi ngelixa wayekhenketha eYurophu, kwaye wabonisa umdla omkhulu kuncwadi lwesiNgesi. Wayengumhlobo nabalobi baseAfrika nabamaMerika abamkhuthaza ukuba aqhubeke nokubhala njengomsebenzi. UMaya wapapasha imbali yakhe yokuqala. Ndiyazi ukuba kutheni le ntaka iValiweyo icula, eneminyaka engama-41. Incwadi yafumana uphononongo oluqinisekileyo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe waba ngumbhali osisigxina. Uye wadlala kwezomculo, wazama isandla sakhe ekwenziweni kweemovie, kwaye wabhala wabhala i-documentary. Uyaziwa nangeengcinga zakhe zobufazi, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kumbongo wakhe odumileyo 'Umfazi oMangalisayo.'

Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:

Kwii-1950s zokuqala, waqala waba nomdla kumdaniso kwaye waqala ukudanisa eSan Francisco. Emva koko, wadibana nabadlali abadumileyo njengoRuth Beckford kunye noAlvin Ailey. Ngexesha elithile, uMaya wabonisa izakhono zakhe njengomdanisi kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo, edibana noAlvin.

Emva koko waya kwisiXeko saseNew York ngenzame yokuqeqesha phantsi komqeqeshi womdaniso waseAfrika uPearl Primus. Waqeqeshwa unyaka, emva koko wabuyela eSan Francisco.

Ngo-1954, waqala ukudanisa kwiiklabhu zasebusuku ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ne-'Purpion Onion 'eyaziwayo. Kude kube ngoko, wayesaziwa njengoMarguerite okanye uRita, kodwa kungekudala walitshintsha igama lakhe waba nguMaya Angelou njengoko lalifanele umsebenzi wakhe.

Ukusuka ngo-1954 ukuya ku-1955, waya e-Yurophu, ehamba neqela lomculo 'uPorgy noBess.' Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eYurophu, wazama konke okusemandleni akhe ukufunda iilwimi zeendawo awayezityelela.

Ngo-1951, u-Angelou watshata nombane wamaGrike, owayengumatiloshe, kunye nomnqweno womculo uTosh Angelos. Watshata naye ngaphandle kokugwetywa kobudlelwane bezinye iintlanga ngelo xesha kunye nokungavumi kukanina.

Ngo-1957, wakhupha i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala ebizwa ngokuba 'nguNkosazana Calypso' apho wayebhale khona kwaye wenza iingoma zakhe. Emva koko wenza ukubonakala kuphononongo lwe-Broadway olukhuthaze i-movie ye-1957 'iCalypso Heat Wave.' Kwifilimu, u-Angelou wabonakala njengaye, esenza iingoma zakhe.

Ngomnyaka we-1959, uMaya waziswa kuJohn Oliver Killens, umbhali odumileyo, owayenempembelelo enkulu kwikhondo lakhe langaphambili njengombhali. Kwingcebiso yakhe, waqala ukubhala njengelungu le-'Harlem Writers Guild 'kunye nabanye ababhali abaziwayo njengoRosa Guy, uJulian Mayfield noJohn Henrik Clarke.

Kunyaka olandelayo, waba nelungelo lokudibana nomlweli wamalungelo abantu uMartin Luther King Jr. Ephefumlelwe bubukho bakhe, umbhali wenoveli uKillens noMaya babamba inkqubo yomculo osihloko sithi 'Cabaret for Freedom.' Umboniso wawenzelwe ukuxhasa ngemali iNkomfa yeNkokeli yobuKrestu yamaZantsi (SCLC).

Ephefumlelwe nguMartin Luther King, Omnci, kunye nenkokheli yobukomanisi yaseCuba uFidel Castro, waqala walwela amalungelo abantu, kunye neenjongo zokulwa ucalucalulo.

Kwi-1961, umbhali-mvumi wazama isandla sakhe ekusebenzeni ngokwenza umdlalo osihloko sithi 'AbaMnyama' ngumbhali ongumFrentshi uJean Genet. Wayehamba nabanye abadlali base-Afrika nabamaMelika abanjengoCicely Tyson, James Earl Jones, Roscoe Lee Brown, kunye noAbbey Lincoln.

Kwangelo xesha, wayeqeshwe 'yiArabhu Observer' awayesebenza kuyo njengomncedisi womhleli.

Kunyaka olandelayo, waya kwidolophu yase-Ghana i-Accra, wahlala apho de kwaba ngo-1965. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe e-Accra, wayesebenza 'kwiDyunivesithi yaseGhana.' Ubuye wasebenza njengomhleli 'kuVavanyo lwaseAfrika.' Ukwasebenza ngokuzimeleyo njengegalelo 'kwiGhanaian Times' nakwi 'Radio Ghana,' ngamanye amaxesha esebenza kwi 'National Theatre.'

KwakuseGhana apho wadibana khona notshantliziyo loluntu uMalcolm X. Emva koko, wabuyela e-United States ukuyomncedisa ekusekeni 'uMbutho weAfro-American Unity.' Emva kokubulawa kukaMalcolm, wathuthela eHawaii ukuba abe kunye nomntakwabo. Apho, wenza njengemvumi kangangexesha elithile, ngaphambi kokuya eLos Angeles.

Ngo-1967, wazinza eNew York, waqalisa ukubhala kwakhona. Wabhala imidlalo emininzi, waze wenza ezinye zazo. Kwakuloo nyaka, wadibana nabahlobo bakhe bakudala, ababhali uRosa Guy noJames Baldwin.

UMartin Luther King Jr. wacela uncedo lukaMaya ekuququzeleleni umngcelele wamalungelo oluntu ngo-1968. Nangona kunjalo, phambi kokuba baququzelele umngcelele, uLuther wabulawa ngo-Epreli 4, mhla uMaya wagqiba i-40.

Kwakuloo nyaka, wavelisa uxwebhu olubhaliweyo olunesihloko esithi 'AbaMnyama, iBlues, abaMnyama!' Umbhalo obonisa igalelo lama-Afrika aseMelika kumculo we-blues, wakhutshelwa 'iThelevishini yezeMfundo kuZwelonke.'

Ngo-1969, wabhala incwadi yakhe yokuqala ngobomi bakhe, 'Ndiyazi ukuba kutheni le ntaka iVimba intaka,' ekwabelana ngamava akhe kwiminyaka eli-17 yokuqala yobomi bakhe. Incwadi yaba yinto esheshayo kwaye u-Angelou wathandwa njengombhali. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wabhala ingqokelela yemibongo ethi, 'Ndiphe nje Isiselo Esipholileyo saManzi' ngaphambi kwe-IDiiie. '

Ngo-1972, wabhala i-screenplay ye-'Georgia, Georgia, 'waba ngumfazi wokuqala omnyama ukubhala isicatshulwa sefilimu. Kunyaka olandelayo, wadlala kunye noGeraldine Page kumculo obanzi obizwa 'Jonga kude.'

Imbali yesibini kaMaya ethi 'Hlanganani Ndawonye Egameni Lam' yapapashwa ngo-1974. Njengobomi bakhe bokuqala, le ncwadi yamkelwa kakuhle ngabagxeki nangabalandeli ngokufanayo. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, weza nenye ingxelo ngobomi bakhe ethi 'Singin' kunye noSwingin 'kunye noGettin' Merry Like Christmas. '

Ngo-1977, waphoswa kwi-'Roots, 'uthotho lukamabonwakude olusekwe kwincwadi enegama lika-Alex Haley. La manqaku abonisa ubunzima abajamelana nabo amakhoboka ase-Afrika ngenkulungwane ye-18. Emva kwexesha elishumi, wadibana nomsasazi we-TV odumileyo u-Oprah Winfrey, waba ngumhlobo wakhe kunye nesikhokelo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, wakhupha ezinye iingxelo ezimbini ezingobomi, ezizezi ‘Intliziyo Yomfazi’ nethi ‘Bonke Abantwana BakaThixo Bayadinga Izihlangu Zokuhamba.’ Ezi ncwadi zaphinda zamngqina amandla akhe njengombhali. Ubuye wajoyina 'iYunivesithi yaseWake Forest' eMantla Carolina njengomhlohli phantsi kwe 'Reynolds Professorship of American Studies,' ayinikwa liziko.

Ngexesha elifanayo, wayalela 'iNyanga,' umdlalo ngu-Errol John, owawusenziwa e-Almeida Theatre eLondon.

Ngo-1993, u-Angelou wamenywa nguMongameli uBill Clinton ukuba afunde umbongo wakhe 'KwiPulse of Morning' kumsitho wakhe wokufungisa. Waba yimbongi yesibini ukufumana imbeko enjalo, emva kokuphindaphinda kukaRobert Frost kusuku lokuqala lobongameli bukaKennedy.

Ukuphindaphinda kwakhe okulandelayo esidlangalaleni yayingo-1995 xa wayefunda umbongo wakhe 'Inyaniso Ekhaliphileyo kunye neQalayo' kwimibhiyozo yomnyhadala wegolide 'weZizwe eziManyeneyo. Kunyaka olandelayo, wakhupha i-albhamu yomculo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Been Found 'ngokudibana neemvumi u-Ashford & Simpson.

Ngo-1998, waba ngumfazi wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika ukuqondisa i-movie. Walathisa 'ezantsi eDelta,' eneenkwenkwezi uWesley Snipes kunye noAlfre Woodard.

Ingxelo yakhe yesithandathu ngobomi bakhe ethi ‘Ingoma yanyukela emazulwini,’ neyathandwa kakhulu ngabafundi, yapapashwa ngo-2002. Kwakwiminyaka elishumi, wakhupha iincwadi ezimbini zokupheka, ‘Haleluya! Itheyibhile yokwamkela 'kunye' nokutya okumnandi, imini yonke: Pheka ngokuqaqambileyo, utye ubukrelekrele. '

Wazibandakanya nakwimikhankaso kaMongameli kaHilary Clinton kunye noBarack Obama. Ngo-2011, waqeshwa njengomcebisi ngu-‘Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial,’ Washington, D.C. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uMaya wakhupha incwadi yakhe yokugqibela ethi ‘Mama & Me & Mom’ ehlola iqhina lombhali nomama wakhe.

Lo mbhali udumileyo uyaziwa ngembali yakhe ethi ‘Ndiyasazi Isizathu Sokuba I-Cage Bird Sings’ eyapapashwa ngo-1969. Le ncwadi ixhaphaza ubomi buka-Angelou ukuze achukumise izifundo ezifana nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, ingxaki yesazisi, kunye nokufunda kwabafazi kuluntu olulawulwa ngamadoda. Incwadi yonyulwa njengomnye wabasukuzana ngo-1970 kwi-'National Book Award 'e-United States.

Ngo-1971, u-Angelou wonyulwa ukuba 'yiPulitzer Prize' kwincwadi yakhe ethi 'Ndiphe nje Isiselo Esicocekileyo Samanzi' ngaphambi kwe-IDiiie. ' Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wafumana i-'Tony Award 'yokutyumba intsebenzo yakhe kwi-Broadway' Jonga kude. '

Ukusuka kwi-1994 ukuya kwi-1996, lo mbhali wanikwa i-'Grammy 'amatyeli amabini phantsi kwecandelo le-'Olona Lizwi liLungileyo eliThethiweyo' kwimibongo yakhe ethi 'KwiPulse of Morning' kunye 'nePhenomenal Woman.

Ngo-2000, wafumana 'iMedali kaZwelonke yoBugcisa,' lelona wonga liphezulu laziswa kumzobi ngurhulumente waseMelika.

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, waphumelela enye i-'Grammy 'ye' Ingoma eya phezulu ezulwini 'phantsi kwecandelo le' Best Spoken Word Album '.

Lo mbhali-ntloko-mbhali wayedume ngembasa 'yeMbasa yeLincoln' kunye 'neMedali kaMongameli weNkululeko' kwiminyaka yoo-2000. Uye wafumana izidanga zembeko kumaziko emfundo angaphezu kwama-50.

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala, wazala inkwenkwe eyathiya igama elinguClyde. Emva kwexesha, uClyde walitshintsha igama lakhe laba nguGuy Johnson. Njengomama wakhe, ukwangumbhali ophumeleleyo.

Ngo-1951, watshata noTosh Angelos, umatiloshe ongumGrike. Wayetshate naye phantse iminyaka emithathu.

Ngo-1973, watshata nomchweli ogama linguPaul du Feu, owayekhe watshata noGermaine Greer owayengumfazi. Esi sibini sahlukana emva kweminyaka esibhozo sitshatile.

Ngo-Meyi 28, 2014, uMaya Angelou wasweleka. Iinkonzo zomngcwabo wakhe zazibanjelwe kwi 'Mount Zion Baptist Church,' Winston-Salem, nase 'Wait Chapel,' kwizakhiwo ze 'Wake Forest University.' Le nkonzo ibizinyaswe ngabantu abadumileyo njengo Oprah Winfrey, uBill Clinton kunye noMichelle U-Obama.

Isitampu esiqulathe isicatshulwa esithi 'Intaka ayiculi kuba inempendulo, iyacula kuba inengoma' ikhutshwe yi-United States Postal Service 'ukuhlonipha le mbongi ikwayimbongi yase-Afrika kunye neMelika. Isicatshulwa sihlala siphazanyiswa kukuba sesakhe, kanti kuyinyani ngumbongo kaJoan Walsh Anglund.

Ngo-Meyi ka-2021, iMint yaseMelika yabhengeza ukuba uMaya Angelou uzakuboniswa kuhlobo olutsha lwekota emiselwe ukuba ikhutshwe ngoJanuwari 2022.

Ngo-Meyi ka-2021, iMint yaseMelika yabhengeza ukuba uMaya Angelou uzakuboniswa kuhlobo olutsha lwekota emiselwe ukuba ikhutshwe ngoJanuwari 2022.

Amabhaso