Usuku lokuzalwa: Julayi 31 , Ngo-1880
Wafa eneminyaka: 56
Umqondiso welanga: Leo
Kwaziwa njenge:I-Premchand kunye neDhanpat Rai Srivastav
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Indiya
Uzalwe e:ILamhi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Idume njenge:Inoveli kunye noMbhali
Iinoveli Ababhali bamaBali amafutshane
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UShivarani Devi (m. 1895)
utata:UAjaib Lal
umama:UAnand Devi
abantakwenu:Isuti
abantwana:Amrit Rai, Kamala Devi, Sripath Rai
Usweleke kwi: Nge-8 ka-Okthobha , Ngo-1936
indawo yokufa:Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:madarsa
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
URuskin Bond UJhumpa Lahiri UChetan Bhagat UVikram SethNgubani uMunshi Premchand?
UMunshi Premchand wayengumbhali waseIndiya owayebalwa phakathi kwababhali abakhulu bamaHindustani benkulungwane yama-20. Wayengumbhali wenoveli, umbhali webali elifutshane, kunye nomdlalo weqonga owabhala iinoveli ngaphezulu kweshumi elinambini, amakhulu amabali amafutshane, kunye nezincoko ezininzi. Uye waguqulela inani elithile lemisebenzi yokubhala kwezinye iilwimi kwisi-Hindi. Utitshala ngoqeqesho, waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala njenge-freelancer e-Urdu. Wayenomoya ozimeleyo othanda ukuthanda ilizwe kwaye imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yoncwadi eUrdu yayigcwele inkcazo yombutho wobuzwe waseIndiya owawusanda kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseIndiya. Kungekudala watshintshela kwi-Hindi kwaye wazibonakalisa njengombhali othandekayo ngamabali akhe amafutshane kunye neenoveli ezinganeli nje ukonwabisa abafundi, kodwa zikwanemiyalezo ebalulekileyo kwezentlalo. Wayechukumiseka kakhulu yindlela engenabuntu apho abafazi baseIndiya bexesha lakhe babephathwa ngayo, kwaye wayehlala ebonisa imeko elusizi yamantombazana nabasetyhini kumabali akhe benethemba lokudala ulwazi ezingqondweni zabafundi bakhe. Ukuthanda ilizwe lokwenene, wawushiya umsebenzi wakhe woburhulumente njengenxalenye yentshukumo engasebenzisaniyo neyayibizwa nguMahatma Gandhi nangona wayenosapho olwandayo ekondlayo. Ekugqibeleni wonyulwa njengoMongameli wokuqala woMbutho wabaBhali abaqhubela phambili eLucknow.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Premchand_1980_stamp_of_India.jpg (I-India Post, uRhulumente wase-India, u-GODL-India, nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso http://kashikwasi.com/?portfolio_item=premchandIsidingoQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiIiNoveli zaseIndiya Ababhali bamaBali amaNdiya amfutshane Leo Amadoda Umsebenzi Emva kokuzabalaza iminyaka embalwa njengotitshala ofundisayo, u-Premchand wanikwa isithuba sokuba ngumncedisi katitshala kwiSikolo seSithili sikaRhulumente eBahraich ngo-1900. Ngeli xesha ke naye waqala ukubhala iintsomi. Ekuqaleni wamkela isibizo esithi Nawab Rai, wabhala incwadi yakhe yokuqala emfutshane, ethi ‘Asrar e Ma’abid’ ehlola urhwaphilizo phakathi kwababingeleli betempile kunye nokuxhaphaza kwabo ngokwesondo abafazi abahluphekileyo. Inoveli yapapashwa kuthotho kwi-Benares-based Urdu veki nganye 'Awaz-e-Khalk' ukusukela ngo-Okthobha u-1903 ukuya ku-Februwari 1905. Watshintshela eKanpur ngo-1905 wadibana no-Daya Narain Nigam, umhleli wephephancwadi i 'Zamana'. Uya kubhala amanqaku kunye namabali aliqela kwiphephancwadi kule minyaka izayo. Ukuthanda ilizwe, wabhala amabali amaninzi e-Urdu ekhuthaza uluntu ngokubanzi ukuba luthathe inxaxheba kumzabalazo wenkululeko e-India kulawulo lobukoloniyali base-Bhritane. La mabali apapashwa kwingqokelela yakhe yokuqala yamabali amafutshane, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Soz-e-Watan 'ngonyaka we-1907. Oku kuye kwanyanzelisa uDhanpat Rai ukuba atshintshe igama lakhe lokubhala ukusuka kuNawab Rai aye ePremchand ukuze abaleke intshutshiso ezandleni zamaNgesi. Phakathi ku-1910s wayesele engumbhali odumileyo e-Urdu emva koko waqala ukubhala ngesi-Hindi ngo-1914. Premchand waba ngu-Master Master kwi-Normal High School, e-Gorakhpur, ngo-1916. Waqhubeka ebhala amabali amafutshane kunye ne-novellas, kwaye wayipapasha Inoveli yokuqala enkulu yaseHindi 'uSeva Sadan' ngo-1919. Yamkelwa kakuhle ngabagxeki, kwaye yamnceda ukuba afumane ukwaziwa ngokubanzi. Kwi-1921, waya kwindibano apho uMahatma Gandhi wabongoza abantu ukuba bayeke imisebenzi yabo kurhulumente njengenxalenye yombutho ongasebenzisaniyo. Ngeli xesha u-Premchand wayetshatile nabantwana, kwaye wayekhuthazwe waba nguSekela Mhloli weZikolo. Ukanti uthathe isigqibo sokuyeka umsebenzi wakhe exhasa intshukumo. Emva kokushiya umsebenzi wafudukela eBenares (Varanasi) kwaye wagxila kwikhondo lakhe lobugcisa. Waseka umatshini wokushicilela kunye nendlu yokupapasha ebizwa ngokuba yiSaraswati Press ngonyaka ka 1923, waze wapapasha iinoveli ezithi ‘Nirmala’ (1925) kunye ne ‘Pratigya’ (1927). Zombini iinoveli zazijongana nemiba yezentlalo ejolise kwabasetyhini njengenkqubo yedrosi kunye nokutshata kwakhona komhlolokazi. Usungule iphephancwadi eliphuma veki zonke elinoncwadi olunesihloko esithi ‘Hans’ ngo 1930. Eli phephancwadi lijolise ekukhuthazeni amaIndiya kumzabalazo wawo wenkululeko kwaye esaziwa ngeembono zawo ezikhuthaza ezopolitiko. Ayiphumelelanga ukwenza inzuzo, inyanzela i-Premchand ukuba ikhangele umsebenzi ozinze ngakumbi. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Waba ngumfundisi-ntsapho kwiKholeji yaseMarwari, eKanpur, ngo-1931. Lo msebenzi, nangona kunjalo, awuzange uhlale ixesha elide kwaye kwafuneka ahambe ngenxa yokungafani nabaphathi beekholeji. Ubuyele kwa-Benares kwaye waba ngumhleli wephephancwadi i ‘Maryada’ kwaye naye wakhonza ngokufutshane njengenqununu ye Kashi Vidyapeeth. Enomdla wokuvuselela imeko yakhe yezezimali eyanciphayo, waya eMumbai ngo-1934 kwaye wamkela umsebenzi wokubhala iskripthi sendlu yemveliso iAjanta Cinetone. Ubhale iskripthi sefilimu ethi 'Mazdoor' ('Umqeshwa') apho naye wenza ukubonakala kwe-cameo. Lo mboniso bhanya-bhanya, obonisa imeko elusizi yodidi lwabasebenzi, ukhuthaze abasebenzi kumaziko amaninzi ukuba bame ngokuchasene nabanini kwaye ke kwavalwa. Imeko yorhwebo kumzi mveliso wefilimu waseMumbai ayimfanelanga kwaye ebelangazelela ukushiya indawo. Umsunguli we-Mumbai Talkies wazama konke okusemandleni akhe ukumkholisa ukuba ahlale, kodwa u-Premchand wayesenzile isigqibo. Wayishiya iMumbai ngoAprili 1935 wafudukela eBenares apho wapapasha ibali elifutshane elithi ‘Kafan’ (1936) kunye nenoveli ethi ‘Godaan’ (1936) eyayiphakathi kwemisebenzi yokugqibela awayigqibayo. 
Imisebenzi emikhulu Incwadana yakhe, i-'Godan ', ithathwa njengenye yeencwadana ezinkulu zeHindustani zoncwadi lwangoku lwaseIndiya. Inoveli iphonononga imixholo eliqela njengokwahlulwa kwabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi eIndiya, ukuxhaphaza abantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ukuxhaphaza abantu basetyhini, kunye neengxaki ezibangelwa lushishino. Incwadi kamva yaguqulelwa kwisiNgesi kwaye yenziwa nakwifilimu yaseHindi kwi1963. Amabhaso kunye neMpumelelo Ngo-1936, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba asweleke, wonyulwa njengo-Mongameli wokuqala woMbutho wabaBhali abaqhubela phambili eLucknow. 
Izicatshulwa: Ubomi,Ngaba Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Wayetshate nentombazana eyayikhethwe ngutatomkhulu wakhe ngo-1895. Wayeneminyaka eli-15 kuphela ubudala ngelo xesha kwaye wayesafunda esikolweni. Wayengavisisani nenkosikazi yakhe awayifumanisa inengxabano. Umtshato wawungonwabanga kwaye umfazi wakhe wamshiya wabuyela kuyise. U-Premchand akenzanga nzame zokumbuyisa. Watshata nomhlolokazi ongumntwana, uShivarani Devi, ngo-1906. Lo mtshato ubonakalise ukuba ngowothando kwaye wavelisa abantwana abathathu. Wayekhathazwa yimpilo ngeentsuku zakhe zokugqibela kwaye wasweleka nge-8 ka-Okthobha ka-1936. I-Sahitya Akademi, i-National Academy of Letters yase-India, yaseka i-Premchand Fsocis kwimbeko yayo ngo-2005. Inikwa abantu ababalaseleyo kwicandelo lezenkcubeko elivela e-SAARC. amazwe.
