Wazalwa:3150 BC
Ubudala:-1129 Iminyaka
Uzalwe e:Thinis
Idume njenge:UKumkani waseYiputa
Abalawuli kunye neeKumkani Indoda yase-Egypt
Usapho:
utata:Shesh uIre
indawo yokufa:Umm El Qa'ab
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi
Kuyacetyiswa Wena
Amenhotep III Iinyani II UTutankhamun UThutmose III
Ngubani uNarmer?
UNarmer wayengumlawuli wamandulo wase-Egypt owayesaziwa njengokumkani wokugqibela wexesha likaNaqada kunye nokumkani wokuqala woBukhosi bokuqala. Kuthathwa njengomdibanisi wase-Yiphutha, wayenokuba yindlalifa yokumkani waseProtodynastic, uKa, okanye iScorpion II. Uninzi lwee-Egyptologists lumchonga noFaro Menes, umntu owaziwayo ngokwesiko lakudala, owaziwa kwiirekhodi zamandulo zase-Egypt njengenkosi yokuqala ye-Egypt emanyeneyo. U-Narmer ekuqaleni wayengumlawuli we-Upper Egypt kwaye kamva wathatha ulawulo kwi-Lower Egypt, nokuba ngoxolo okanye uloyiso. Kwi-Narmer Palette, isaliti yamatye ebhalwe mandulo, unokubonwa ngumqhele omhlophe waseHedjet wase-Upper Egypt kunye neRed Deshret Crown yase-Lower Egypt. Umhla ngokubanzi ochazwe ekuqaleni kolawulo lukaNarmer ngu-3,100 BC. Ngokwenani elibalulekileyo lezazi zase-Egypt, ukumkanikazi kaNarmer wayenguNeithhotep okanye uNeith-hotep kwaye owangena ezihlangwini zakhe kwangoko, uHor-Aha, wayengunyana wakhe noNeithhotep. Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyanwa kwamva nje kuyaphikisana noku, kuphakamisa ukuba uNeithhotep wayengumlingane kaHor-Aha. Ingcwaba likaNarmer lifumaneka e-Umm el-Qa'ab kufutshane ne-Abydos e-Upper Egypt kwaye inamagumbi amabini adibeneyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ebengumbandela wemisebenzi eliqela eqanjiweyo, kubandakanya 'uFaro wokuQala' nguLester Picker kunye 'neSango lesiThathu' nguLincoln Umntwana.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmer#/media/File:King_Narmer.jpg 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://rainbowjam.weebly.com/king-narmer.html Ngaphambili Okulandelayo Ukulandela isazisi kunye nosapho Ubunyani bokwenyani bukaNarmer ibingumbandela weengxoxo phakathi kwabafundi be-Egypt ixesha elide. Uninzi lwazo lubambe umbono wokuba uNarmer noFaro Menes ngabantu abafanayo. Ngokwengxelo ezibhaliweyo zakudala zase-Egypt, Amadoda ayingukumkani yokuqala ye-Egypt emanyeneyo. Isizathu sokuba uNarmer achongwe njengamadoda kukuba iNarmer Palette imbonisa njengomdibanisi wase-Egypt, enxibe zombini i-Hedjet Crown emhlophe ye-Upper Egypt kunye ne-Red Deshret Crown ye-Lower Egypt. Amatywina amabini e-necropolis, afunyanwa kumangcwaba e-Umm el-Qa'ab e-Abydos, nawo ayasetyenziswa njengobungqina bokubonisa ukuba uNarmer wayengukumkani wokuqala woBukhosi bokuqala. Uninzi lwama-Egyptologists ngokubanzi bakholelwa ukuba i-3,100 BC yayisisiqalo solawulo lwakhe. Olunye uluvo oludumileyo kukuba walawula ngamanye amaxesha phakathi kwe-3, 273 kunye ne-2,987 BC. Le ithiyori ixhaswe ziindlela zembali kunye ne-radiocarbon dating. Imithombo emininzi iyavuma ukuba utata wakhe yayinguKa, uPharao weProtodynastic wase-Upper Egypt ongowobukhosi. UKa walawula ngaphezulu kukaThinis kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-32 BC kwaye kukholelwa ukuba nguye oza kungena ezihlangwini zikaIry-Hor. Unokuba ngumlawuli wokuqala wase-Egypt ukuba abhalwe serekh kwinani lezinto zakudala, into ekhokelele abaninzi kwisigqibo sokuba yaqanjwa ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe. Omnye ukumkani ovela kwiProtodynastic Period ye-Upper Egypt oye waqatshelwa njengo-Narmer owayengaphambi kwakhe ngu-Scorpion II. Wayengomnye wabalawuli ababini be-Upper Egypt ngexesha likaNaqada III, omnye ingu-Scorpion I, okholelwa ukuba ngumdibanisi we-Upper Egypt. UScorpion II wayegweba ngexesha eliphakathi kolawulo lukaKa, owayengaphambi kwakhe, noNarmer, owangena ezihlangwini zakhe. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi IPalette yeNarmer Ifunyenwe ngo-1897 okanye ngo-1898 ngabembi bezinto zakudala baseBritane uJames E. Quibell noFrederick W. Green, uNarmer Palette okanye uNarmer uVictory Palette okanye iGreat Hierakonpolis Palette inobude obuziisentimitha ezingama-63 (2.07 ft). isiqwenga esinye setafile, siltstone esimnyama esimnyama esimnyama. Kubhalwe kumacala omabini kwaye iqulethe ezinye ze-hieroglyphics zokuqala eziye zafunyanwa. Kwelinye icala, uNarmer unokubonakala enxibe izithsaba zoPhezulu kunye noMzantsi wase-Egypt, okuthetha ukuba, ngexesha elinye ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe, wayelawula lonke ilizwe. Eli cala lephalethi likwabonelela ngee-Egyptologists ngegama lakhe, eliqulathe iisimboli ezimbini, i-catfish (nr) kunye ne-chisel (mr). Ngenxa yoko, igama lakhe lifundwa njengoNarmer. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ukuguqulelwa ngokoqobo kwelizwi lonke kuyabetha. Nangona kunjalo, le ngcamango iphikisana kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, omnye, umzobo owahlukileyo weNarmer kunye neklabhu yakhe yemfazwe ephakanyisiweyo. Sele eza kuhlasela utshaba alubambe ngeenwele. Ngaphambi kwakhe nangaphezulu kotshaba, kukho umzobo wefalcon, efuzisela uHorus, uthixo osondelelene kakhulu noofaro. Isicaka siyabonakala emva kwakhe siphethe iimbadada zaso. Kumacala omabini, uNarmer uboniswe enxibe ezinye iziqwenga zobukhosi ngaphandle kwezithsaba, kubandakanya ikiliti yasebukhosini kunye nomsila wenkunzi yenkomo oxhonywe ngasemva kwetile yakhe. Imbali kunye noLawulo Uninzi lweXesha leProtodynastic, i-Egypt yahlulahlulwa yangamacandelo amabini, i-Upper Egypt (emazantsi) kunye ne-Lower Egypt (emantla, kufutshane noLwandle lweMeditera). I-Upper Egypt yayiphuhlisiwe kwaye inezinye zeedolophu ezisezidolophini ngelo xesha, kubandakanya iThinis, iHierakonpolis neNaqada. I-Egypt esezantsi yayifana nengingqi yasemaphandleni. Nangona kunjalo, yayinoqoqosho olomeleleyo ngenxa yecandelo lezolimo elityebileyo. Le mimandla yomibini yafumana ukukhula ngokufanayo ukusukela oko izizwe ezazizingela zaziphuma eSahara ngenxa yokuhamba kancinci kokuhlala entlango kwaye zahlala phantsi zaza zajikeleza umlambo iNayile. I-Upper Egypt yafumana ukukhula ngakumbi kunommelwane wayo mhlawumbi ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwezorhwebo nezinye iinkcubeko. Abemi balo mmandla babekhula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu ngokunjalo. Zonke ezi zinto ziye zakhokelela ekubeni abalawuli bayo baphume baye ngaphaya kwemida yabo. I-Scorpion ndandulela uNarmer malunga neminyaka engama-200 kwaye kukholelwa ukuba idibanise i-Upper Egypt. Ngokwe-graffito eneminyaka engama-5 000 ubudala esele ifunyenwe kutshanje kwi-Theban Desert Road Survey, uScorpion I woyisa omnye umlawuli weProtodynastic, ngokunokwenzeka inkosi yaseNaqada. Qhubeka nokufunda Apha ngezantsi kwengcwaba lakhe lafunyanwa ngaphambili emangcwabeni asebukhosini e-Abydos. Kuyo, kwafunyanwa iipleyiti ezininzi ezincinci zeendlovu. Iphawulwe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo enye okanye nangaphezulu yohlobo lwe-hieroglyph, nganye kula macwecwe anomngxuma wokuyibopha. Inokuba ichaza amagama eedolophu kunye nemimandla ethe yahlawula iminikelo kunye neerhafu kwiScorpion I. Ezinye zezi zibonisa ukuba umkhosi kaScorpion I wawufikile kuNayile Delta. Nokuba ababengaphambi kukaNarmer kwangoko, uKa, u-Iry-Hor, kunye no-Scorpion II, babeyihlanganisile i-Egypt ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Imibhalo ebhaliweyo ka-Ka no-Iry-Hor ifunyenwe kwi-Lower Egypt naseKhanani, eyayifumaneka nge-Lower Egypt ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa noNarmer, ogama kuye kwafunyanwa ii-serekh zakhe kwiindawo ezilishumi e-Lower Egypt nakwiindawo ezisithoba eKanana, ababengaphambi kwakhe babeshiye imibhalo embalwa ngaphaya kwe-Upper Egypt. Oku kungafani kungobunye ubungqina bokuba uNarmer wayengumlawuli wokuqala welizwe lonke. Kungenzeka ukuba umanyano luqale ngaphambi kolawulo lukaNarmer kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo lwagqitywa ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe. Ngokwenkcubeko yase-Egypt yakudala, uFaro ogama linguMenes wayengumanyanisi wase-Egypt kwaye uninzi lwee-Egyptologists ziyavuma ukuba uNarmer kunye noMenes ngumntu ofanayo. Nangona kunjalo, abambalwa abalandela uNarmer ophumeleleyo, uHor-Aha, njengamadoda. Esinye sezizathu zolu dideko ngelixa uNarmer ethathwa njengegama likaHorus okanye igama le-serekh, Amadoda kucingelwa ukuba ligama leSedge neBee. Ngexesha elitsha loBukumkani, amagama ookumkani aqala ukudweliswa kwaye phantse lonke olo luhlu lwaqalwa ngooMadoda okanye lwaqala ngoThixo kunye / okanye kubukumkani obusemhlabeni, kunye neMadoda idunyiswa njengenkosi yokuqala yabantu. Amatywina amabini e-necropolis, awafunyanwa ngo-1985 nango-1991 e-Abydos, adwelisa bonke ookumkani abasibhozo boBukhosi bokuQala ngokulandelelana. Kuwo omabini la magama, igama likaNarmer livela phezulu, linika ubungqina obomeleleyo bokuba wayeyinkosi yokuqala yoBukhosi bokuqala, ethi yona immisele njengeMenes. Ngaphandle kweNarmer Palette, kukho ezinye iziqwenga zobungqina ezibonisa ukuba i-Egypt yayihlangene phantsi kweNarmer. Kwi-1993, ileyibhile yonyaka kaNarmer yafunyanwa e-Abydos, ibonisa iziganeko ezifanayo njengephalethi kwaye oko kungqina, kwizazi ezininzi zase-Egypt, ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwephalethi ziziganeko zembali. I-Narmer Macehead kwidiphozithi ephambili kwitempile yaseHierakonpolis ibonisa inkosi (uNarmer) enxibe isithsaba esibomvu. Ngexesha lolawulo lukaNarmer, i-Egypt yayinomdla kwezoqoqosho eKanan. Uninzi lweengqayi zomdongwe eziye zafunyanwa kumazantsi alo mmandla zisuka kwiimbiza ezenziwe e-Egypt uqobo kwaye zaziswa eKanana okanye zenziwa ngendlela yase-Egypt ngezinto zalapha. Oku mhlawumbi kubonisa ukuba zazikhona iindawo zokuhlala zase-Egypt kommandla ngeli xesha. Kufunyenwe kummandla waseKanan ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ubunyani bobuncinane baba sixhenxe buthandabuza kakhulu. Neithhotep kunye neHor-Aha INeithhotep ngumntu obaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yase-Egypt. Ngamaxesha athile, wayekholelwa ukuba ungumlawuli oyindoda ngenxa yemastaba yakhe enkulu kunye ne-Royal serekh ejikeleze igama lakhe kwimiboniso emininzi. Kuphela kuxa abaphengululi baba nobuchule ngakumbi ekufundeni imibhalo yase-Egypt apho baqonda khona ukuba wayengumfazi okwinqanaba elingaqhelekanga. Kude kube kutshanje, izazi zase-Egypt zazicinga ukuba uyindlovukazi kaNarmer. Kukho iingcamango eziphikisanayo malunga nokuba wayevela phi uNeithhotep. Intsingiselo yegama lakhe, 'uNeith wanelisekile', kuthetha ukuba wayeyinkosazana yase-Egypt esezantsi njengoko uNeith wayenguthixokazi wesixeko saseSais, esasiseNtshona Delta, ingingqi uNarmer ekunokwenzeka woyisa ngexesha lakhe uhambo oluya e-Egypt esezantsi. Umtshato ngokuqinisekileyo wenzelwa ukomeleza ubudlelwane phakathi kwale mimandla mibini. Nangona kunjalo, ingcwaba likaNeithhotep lafunyanwa eNaqada, nto leyo ekhokelele kwizazi ngeengcungcu zase-Egypt ukuba zikholelwe ukuba wayeyinkosazana yaseNaqada. Ngo-2012, kwafunyanwa ubungqina obutsha obuphikisana nayo yonke into eyayisaziwa ngaye. Ibonisa ukuba, inene, wayengumfazi uHor-Aha, owangena ezihlangwini zikaNarmer. Emva kokufa kukaHor-Aha, wacinga ukuba ngunyana wabo, u-Djer. Ingcwaba Ngo-1964, amangcwaba abembiweyo ngaphambili i-B17 kunye ne-B18 athatyathwa njengengcwaba likaNarmer nguWerner Kaiser. Inamagumbi amabini akufutshane enziwe ngezitena zodaka kwaye imi kufutshane namangcwaba eKa naseHor-Aha. Ngelixa ngokobungqina bezinto zakudala, bekukho ookumkani ngaphambi kukaNarmer, akukho namnye kubo oboniswe kwimbali yobugcisa enxulumene naye. Oku kuseka into enye: kumaYiputa amandulo, imbali mhlawumbi iqale ngoNarmer kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-Egypt. Nokuba yeyiphi na eyayikhona ngaphambili yayichongwe njengentsomi.
