Usuku lokuzalwa: Nge-16 ka-Okthobha , Ngo-1854
Wafa eneminyaka: 46
Umqondiso welanga: ILibra
Kwaziwa njenge:U-Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Ayalend
Uzalwe e:IDublin, eIreland
Idume njenge:Umdlali odlalayo, iMbongi kunye neNoveli
Iingcaphuno zikaOscar Wilde Izitabane
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UConstance Lloyd (m. 1884-1898), uConstance Lloyd (m. 1884-1898)
utata:Mnumzana William Wilde
umama:ILady Jane Francesca Elgee Wilde
abantwana:UCyril Holland, uVyvyan Holland
Usweleke kwi: Nge-30 kaNovemba , Ngo-1900
indawo yokufa:EParis, eFrance
Isixeko: IDublin, eIreland
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:IPortora Royal School, i-Enniskillen, ikholeji yaseTrinity eDublin, i-BA, ikholeji yaseMagadalen, iYunivesithi yaseOxford (1874-78)
amabhaso:Ngo-1988-I-National (USA) yabaGxeki beeNgcaciso zeeNcwadi
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UMartin McDonagh UJames Joyce UBrendan Behan UThomas MooreNgubani u-Oscar Wilde?
U-Oscar Wilde wayengumbhali odumileyo wase-Ireland, umbhali wenoveli, umbongi kunye nombhali wezincoko, owazalwa embindini wenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kusapho lwengqondo. Ngelixa wayefunda ku-Emnye, eDublin, waphenjelelwa ngumbutho wobugcisa, owawukhuthaza ukuba ubugcisa benziwe kuphela ngenxa yobugcisa kwaye kungekudala waba ngomnye wabalandeli bayo abazimiseleyo. Nangona incwadi yakhe yokuqala, 'Imibongo' yammisela njengembongi ezayo, wangcamla impumelelo yokwenene kuphela kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo yobomi bakhe obufutshane. Kodwa ngelo xesha, nangona wayetshatile noonyana ababini, wayenomdla kubufanasini kwaye xa oko kwavela, wagwetywa iminyaka emibini ejele. Ukuphuma kwakhe entolongweni, waya e-France, apho wachitha khona iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, wahlukaniswa nosapho kwaye waphepha uninzi lwabahlobo bakhe. Ngelo xesha, iincwadi zakhe zazisele ziyekile ukuthengisa kwaye nemidlalo yakhe yayivaliwe. Yiyo ke loo nto waphila kwintlupheko kunye nempilo enkenenkene de wasweleka eneminyaka nje engamashumi amane anesithandathu.
Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:
Iimodeli eziDumileyo zeNdima ongathanda ukudibana nazo Amanani embali Abangabazukulwana bakhe bathwala into eyothusayo kubo Ababhali abaPhikisayo abangama-50 ngalo lonke ixesha Ababhali beGay abadumileyo kwiMbali
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaEmxjvpy00 (A. O'Farrell)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaEmxjvpy00 (A. O'Farrell)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaEmxjvpy00 (A. O'Farrell)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaEmxjvpy00 (A. O'Farrell)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3HlF_kkmfU (Ithala leencwadi laseMorgan kunye neMyuziyam)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Oscar_Wilde_3g07095u-adjust.jpg (UNapoleon Sarony / Indawo yoluntu)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaEmxjvpy00 (A. O'Farrell)Amadoda aseIreland Ikholeji kathathu yaseDublin IYunivesithi yaseOxford ELondon Ekugqibeleni kwakhe ngo-1878, u-Oscar Wilde wabuyela eDublin ixesha elifutshane. Okwangoku, utata wakhe wayesele ephantse wafa. Usapho ngoku luyithengisile indlu kwaye nesabelo sakhe selifa uWilde wafudukela eLondon, apho wanyamezelana nomzobi uFrank Miles, odumileyo kwisangqa esiphakamileyo saseLondon. Wabhalela abahlobo abahlukeneyo eOxford naseCambridge, ezama ukungaphumeleli kwisikhundla kwiiklasikhi. Ngaxeshanye, wagxila ekubhaleni imibongo emitsha, andise kwaye ahlaziye ezindala, awazipapasha njenge ‘Poems’ phakathi ku-1881. Nangona umsebenzi wawufumana uphononongo oluxubeneyo wammisela njengembongi ezayo. Kwakhona ngo-1881, wakhusela umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala njengomvavanyi wobugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, wayishiya ngasekupheleni konyaka, waqalisa ukhenketho lokufundisa e-United States nase-Canada ngokumenywa ngu-Richard D'Oyly Carte, iarhente ye-English kunye ne-impresario.
Iimbongi zeLibra Iimbongi zaseIreland Ababhali beLibra EMelika UOscar Wilde wafikelela kwisiXeko saseNew York nge-2 Januwari 1882. Nangona ukhenketho lwalucwangciselwe iinyanga ezine, ngenxa yempumelelo yalo kwezorhwebo, lwandiswa phantse unyaka. Ngeli xesha, wazisa malunga ne-140 yezifundo, ikakhulu kubuhle. Naphi na apho aya khona, wayezixuba neklasi nganye yabantu. Wayesela iwhiskey kunye nabasebenzi basezimayini e-Leadville naseColorado kwaye kwangaxeshanye, watyelela ezona salon zinemfashini kwizixeko ezinjengeNew York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, naseWashington, besitya nabantu abadumileyo abanjengoHenry Wadsworth Longfellow noWalt Whitman. Nangona umatshini wokushicilela wawunobutshaba kuye, uluntu lwalunomdla kwindlela yakhe yokunxiba kunye nomntu ongaqhelekanga. Uye wancoma izinto ezininzi malunga neMelika, ngakumbi idemokhrasi kunye nemfundo yendalo iphela. Ke ngoko, ubuyele e-Great Britain esisityebi, kokubini kwimicimbi yemali kunye namava.Ababhali baseIreland Iinoveli zabesilisa Iinoveli zaseIreland Buyela eGreat Britain Ekubuyeni kwakhe e-Great Britain, u-Oscar Wilde waqalisa enye isekethe yesifundo e-England nase-Ireland, eyayizakuqhubeka ukuya phakathi ku-1884. Ngelo xesha phakathi kukaFebruwari noMa 1883, waya eParis iinyanga ezintathu nalapho wagqiba umdlalo wakhe. , 'IiDuchess zasePadua'. Kungekudala uWilde wakwazi ukuzibeka njengomxhasi ophambili wentshukumo yobuhle kwaye waduma ngayo. Ngaphandle kwezinto awayezenza ngokoqobo, waqala ukufaka igalelo rhoqo njengombuyekezi 'kwiPall Mall Gazette.' Qhubeka nokuFunda ngezantsi ukusukela ngo-1887, uWilde wafumana ingqesho njengomhleli weLady's World, iphephancwadi elalisenza kwimfashini yabasetyhini kwaye lalilahlekile. ukuthandwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kungekudala, wakwazi ukuvuselela eli phephancwadi ngokubandakanya iimbono zabasetyhini kungekuphela kwezobugcisa, uncwadi kunye nomculo, kodwa nakwimpilo yanamhlanje. Ngo-1888, xa wayesebenza njengomhleli ‘weLady's World,’ uWilde wapapasha umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala omkhulu owawunesihloko esithi, ‘INkosana eyonwabileyo kunye nezinye iiNdaba’, ingqokelela yamabali abantwana. Ngokulandelayo ngo-1889, wapapasha enye yemisebenzi yakhe engalibalekiyo, ‘Ukonakala Kokuxoka’. NgoJulayi 1889, wawushiya umsebenzi wakhe ukuze ajolise kumnqweno wakhe wokubhala. Inoveli yakhe ekuphela kwayo ethi, ‘Umfanekiso kaDorian Grey’ yavela kuhlelo lukaJulayi 1890 lweMagazini iLippincott yanyanga zonke. ’Nangona umhleli weli phephancwadi wayewasusile amagama amalunga nama-500 yayigxekwa ngabavavanyi ngenxa yobubi nobufanasini. Nangona kunjalo, uWilde wawukhusela umsebenzi wakhe kwaye ngo-1891, wawupapasha kwifom yencwadi. Ngo-1891, ngaphandle 'komfanekiso kaDorian Grey', wayeneminye imisebenzi emihlanu epapashiweyo. Phakathi kwazo, ‘iinjongo’ zaziquka izincoko ezazishicilelwe ngaphambili. Abanye yayingu 'Umphefumlo woMntu phantsi kweSocialism', 'Ulwaphulo-mthetho lweNkosi u-Arthur Savile kunye namanye amaBali', 'Indlu yeerharnate' kunye no 'Salome'. UWilde emva koko uqhubeke nokuvelisa imidlalo emininzi, uninzi lwayo lwaluzalisa uluntu oluphezulu. Bawela kolu didi yayingu'Lady Windermere's Fan '(1882) kunye' Nomfazi ongabalulekanga '(1893), bobabini baphumelela kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, 'Umyeni oLungileyo', umsebenzi owaqalwa nguWilde ngehlobo lika-1883, ejikeleze inkohliso kunye nenkohliso kwezopolitiko. Njenge 'Ukubaluleka kokufumana umvuzo', awabhala ngayo ehlotyeni ka-1894, 'Indoda elungileyo' ikwathathwa njengenye yobugcisa bakhe. 
Izicatshulwa: Mna Amadoda eLibra Imisebenzi emikhulu U-Oscar Wilde ukhunjulwa kakhulu ngomdlalo wakhe wokugqibela, 'Ukubaluleka kokufumana umvuzo', umdlalo ohlekisayo apho abalinganiswa abaphambili bagcina izazisi ezibini. Unconyiwe ngobuchule bayo, umdlalo uye wavuselelwa amatyeli amaninzi ukusukela okokuqala kwi-14 kaFebruwari 1895 eSt James's Theatre, eLondon kathathu kwenziwa iifilimu. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ubomi boBuntu kunye neLifa Ngomhla wama-29 kuCanzibe ngo-1884, u-Oscar Wilde watshata noConstance Lloyd, intombi kaHorace Lloyd, uMcebisi kaKumkanikazi osisityebi. Esi sibini sasinoonyana ababini, uCyril noVyvyan. Ngo-1886, ngelixa uConstance wayekhulelwe umntwana wabo wesibini, uWilde walukuhlwa nguRobert Baldwin Ross oneminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe, umzukulwana wenkokeli yohlaziyo eCanada uRobert Baldwin. Emva koko, bahlakulela ubudlelwane kwaye uRoss waba ngumthandi wokuqala wesilisa waseWilde. Ngo-1891, uWilde wadibana noAlfred Douglas, unyana kaJohn Douglas, uMarques we-9 waseQueensberry, waza waqalisa ukuthandana naye. Engakwazanga ukuyeka ukunxibelelana, iiMarques zalishiya ikhadi lakhe lokufowunela kwiklabhu yaseWilde, zabhalwa zathi: 'Ngu-Oscar Wilde, ebuza isodomite nge-18 kaFebruwari 1895. Ngokuchasene neengcebiso zabahlobo bakhe, uWilde wafaka isimangalo esinyelisayo ngokuchasene neMarques. Ukuzikhusela, iiMarques zonyula abacuphi ukuba bafumane ubungqina ngobufanasini bukaWilde kwaye baceba ukumbonisa njengendoda endala eyayiqhele ukulukuhla abancinci nabamsulwa. Uninzi lwalunyanzelwe ukuba lubonise ubungqina ngokuchasene noWilde. Ukuvalelwa ejele ngeSodomy Njengobungqina obuchasene no-Oscar Wilde, ityala lokuziphatha gwenxa kunye nokuziphatha gwenxa kwafakwa kuye. Umtshutshisi, owavulwa ngomhla wama-26 ku-Epreli ngo-1895, wamfumana enetyala ngomhla wama-25 kuCanzibe ngo-1895. Wanikwa umsebenzi onzima. Ngemini enye wathunyelwa kwintolongo yaseNewgate. Emva koko watshintshelwa ePentonvile wasuka apho waya kwintolongo yaseWandsworth eLondon. Ubomi kwindawo yokugqibela babunzima kakhulu kwimpilo entle kaWilde. Kwasekuqaleni kukaNovemba ka-1895, wawa yindlala kunye nokugula, kukhokelela ekuxhwilweni kwegubu lendlebe lasekunene. Nge-23 ka-Novemba ngo-1885, wadluliselwa kwi-HM Prison Reading kwilinge le-Liberal MP kunye nohlaziyo u-Richard B. Haldane kwaye wabonelela ngokufunda kunye nezinto zokubhala. Ngeli xesha umfazi wakhe wamtshintsha yena kunye noonyana bakhe igama lokugqibela baya eHolland, ngaloo ndlela bazihlukanisa nehlazo likaWilde. Kwakukho apha kwi-Reading Gaol ukuba wabhala ileta engama-50 000 eya kuDouglas. Ibhalwe phakathi kukaJanuwari noMatshi 1887, ayizange ihanjiswe, kodwa yapapashwa ngokuyinxenye ngo-1905 njenge-‘De Profundis ’yaza yapapashwa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1962 njenge‘ Iileta zika-Oscar Wilde ’. Ukugxothelwa kunye nokufa UWilde wakhululwa entolongweni ngomhla we-18 Meyi 1887 kwaye ngoko nangoko wemka waya eFrance, engaze abuyele eNgilani. Kungekudala, wabhala 'I-Ballad of Reading Gaol', umsebenzi wakhe wokugqibela omkhulu. Ekuqaleni, ukubhalwa kwabhalwa kwi-C33, kodwa xa yaphumelela; igama lakhe longezwa kulo. UWilde waphila eminye iminyaka emithathu, elihlwempu kwaye esenkangala. Umfazi wakhe wamthumelela iipeni ezintathu ngeveki kwisibonelelo sakhe sonyaka. Walile ukumbona okanye wamvumela ukuba abone abantwana. Phakathi kwabahlobo bakhe abambalwa, abahlala bethembekile kwada kwasekupheleni, yayingumbhali uReginald Turner noRobert Ross. Ngaxa lithile malunga ne-25 kaNovemba ka-1900, uWilde wahlaselwa sisifo sokudumba kwenwebu yengqondo, esasivela kwilonda lendlebe awalikhulayo esentolongweni kwaye wasweleka kulo nge-30 kaNovemba ka-1900. Ekuqaleni wangcwatyelwa eCimetière de Bagneux ngaphandle kweParis. Ekufeni kwakhe, uRobert Ross waba ngumbhali wencwadi yakhe. Ngo-1900, wayenentsalela kaWilde eyadluliselwa ePrere Lachaise Cemetery. Ingcwaba, elithathe malunga neenyanga ezilishumi ukugqiba, lakhiwa ngumzobi uJacob Epstein ngelixa i-plinth yayakhiwe nguCharles Holden. Umbhalo owawukrolwe nguJoseph Cribb. Inqaku Ngokwesiko, iindwendwe zazidla ngokwanga ingcwaba likaWilde emva kokufaka umlomo kwimilebe yabo, ngaloo ndlela beshiya ushicilelo kuyo. Kwi-2011, i-edifice yasuswa la manqaku kwaye yenziwa 'ubungqina bokuncamisa' ngokumisa ityala leglasi ngeenxa zonke. Kwi-2017, njengoko umthetho wamaPolisa noLwaphulo-mthetho u-2017 wamiselwa e-UK, uWilde waxolelwa ngokusesikweni ngetyala lakhe njengoko ubufanasini bungaselolwaphulo mthetho eNgilane.
