Igama lomnxeba:Ugqirha, Umphathi, Don Pablo, INkosi

Usuku lokuzalwa: UDisemba 1 , Ngo-1949

Wafa eneminyaka: 44

Umqondiso welanga: Isagittarius

Kwaziwa njenge:UPablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria

Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Kholambiya

Uzalwe e:Umlambo omnyama

Idume njenge:INkosi yeziyobisi yaseColombia

Iingcaphuno zikaPablo Escobar Imigulukudu

Ukuphakama:1.67 m

Iqabane / Ex-: UMaria Victoria ... Manuela Escobar UCarlos Lehder UGriselda Mhlophe

Ngubani uPablo Escobar?

UPablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria wayedla ngokubizwa ngokuba 'nguKumkani wecoke' wayeyinkosi yeziyobisi yaseColombia. Wayejongwa njengolona lwaphulo-mthetho lubalaseleyo, olunempembelelo nolutyebileyo kwimbali yokurhweba ngabantu ngecocaine. I-'Medellin Cartel 'yenziwa nguye ngokusebenzisana nezinye izaphuli-mthetho ukuhambisa icocaine kwintengiso yaseMelika. I-1970s kunye ne-1980s yabona uPablo Escobar kunye ne'Medellin Cartel 'besonwabela kufutshane nokuzilawula kwishishini lokuthutyeleziswa kwecocaine e-U.S. Ukuhambisa ngaphezulu kwe-80% yazo zonke iziyobisi ezazithubelezisiwe elizweni. Ufumene amawaka ezigidi zeedola kwaye ngee-90s zokuqala ezaziwayo eziqikelelweyo nge-30 yeebhiliyoni. Ingeniso ifikelela kwi- $ 100 yezigidigidi xa imali ingcwatyiwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseColombia. Ngo-1989 uForbes wamkhankanya njengomntu wesixhenxe osisityebi emhlabeni. Wayephila ubomi obugqithisileyo ngobutyebi awayebenzile. Ubukhosi bakhe babubandakanya iindawo zokuhlala ezingamakhulu amane kwihlabathi liphela, ubugcisa beenqwelo moya zabucala kunye nomyezo wezilwanyana wabucala obeka izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Wayenomkhosi wakhe wamajoni kunye nabaphuli-mthetho abanamava. Ngelixa ubukhosi bakhe obukhulu babakhelwe ngokubulala nolwaphulo-mthetho, wayesaziwa ngokuxhasa iiklabhu zebhola ekhatywayo kunye neeprojekthi zesisa.

Ufuna ukwazi

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  Ngubani wadubula Pablo Escobar?

  Akukacaci ukuba ngubani kanye kanye owadubula umpu wokugqibela endlebeni kaPablo Escobar. Kukho iingcamango ezahlukeneyo malunga noku. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba wadutyulwa ngexesha lokulwa nemipu kunye namapolisa esizwe aseColombia okanye kunokwenzeka ukuba wabulawa ngabo. Kodwa, abantakwaboPablo Escobar uRoberto Escobar noFernando Sánchez Arellano banoluvo lokuba uPablo Escobar uzibulele kwaye wazidubula endlebeni. Baye bathi uPablo Escobar wayebaxelele kaninzi ukuba, ukuba angakheka ekoneni, 'uzakuzidubula ngendlebe'.

Kwi 'Ibali le-Akhawunti: Ngaphakathi kwiLizwe elinobundlobongela beMedellín Cartel' URoberto Escobar uxoxe ngendlela umntu ongacacanga nolula ophakathi ophakathi njengoPablo Escobar anyuke waba ngomnye wamadoda atyebileyo phantsi kwelanga.

URoberto Escobar wayeqhele ukugcina umkhondo kuyo yonke imali efunyenwe nguPablo Escobar njenge-accountant yakhe. Kwincopho yayo xa ‘iMedellin Cartel’ yayithutyeleziswa iitoni ezili-15 zecocaine mihla le e-U.S ezixabisa ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezigidigidi zeedola, uPablo nomntakwabo bathenga imitya yerabha exabisa i-1000 leedola ukusongela iinyanda zemali. Malunga ne-10% yemali egcinwe kwindawo yabo yokugcina impahla yayilahleka minyaka le ngenxa yokonakala kweempuku.

UPablo Escobar wangena kurhwebo lweziyobisi ngeminyaka yoo-1970 kwaye wenza umsebenzi wakhe wecocaine ngonyaka ka-1975. Yena ngokwakhe wayedla ngokubhabha inqwelo moya phakathi kweColombia nePanama ngokuthutyeleziswa kweziyobisi eU.S.

Ngo-1975, emva kokuba ebuyele eMedellin esuka e-Ecuador ephethe umthwalo onzima, wabanjwa kunye namadoda akhe. Kwafunyanwa kubo iiponti ezimashumi mathathu anethoba zepasta emhlophe. Uhlulekile kwilinge lokunyoba iijaji zetyala lakhe kwaye kamva wabulala amagosa amabini abambayo abangela ukurhoxa kwetyala lakhe. Kungekudala waqala ukusebenzisa iindlela zakhe zokunyoba okanye ukubulala ukujongana nabasemagunyeni.

Kwangoko, wayehamba ngokuthubelezisa i-cocaine kumavili amadala eenqwelomoya kwaye umqhubi wenqwelomoya wayeza kufumana i-500, 000 yeedola ngenqwelomoya. Kamva xa ibango e-US lisanda, wacwangcisela ukuthunyelwa okongeziweyo kunye nezinye iindlela kunye nothungelwano kubandakanya iCalifornia kunye noMzantsi Florida.

Ngokusebenzisana noCarlos Lehder wavelisa udongwe lukaNorman kwiiBahamas njengesiqithi esitsha sokuhambisa ngenqanawa. Phakathi kowe-1978 nowe-1982, eli nqanaba lahlala liyindlela ephambili yokuthubelezisa iMedellin Cartel ’.

U-Pablo Escobar ukhuphe izigidi ngezigidi zeedola kwaye wathenga umhlaba ongange-7.7 yeekhilomitha ezibandakanya indawo yakhe 'Hacienda Napoles'.

Embindini ka-1980s wambona ekwincopho yamandla akhe okuthubelezisa malunga neetoni ezili-11 zecocaine ngenqwelomoya e-U.S. Ngokutsho kukaRoberto Escobar, uPablo Escobar uphinde wasebenzisa oomatshini abaphantsi beenqanawa abalawulwa kude ukuhambisa icocaine.

Ngo-1982, i-‘Colombian Liberal Party ’yamnyula ukuba abe‘ kwiQela labaMeli baseColombia ’njengelungu elilelinye. Wayemele urhulumente waseColombia ngokusemthethweni kwitheko lokufungisa uFelipe Gonzalez eSpain.

Esinye isimangalo nxamnye no-Escobar yayikukuba wayexhasa iqela labanqolobi elalisekhohlo le-'19 April April Movement '(M-19) elaligqogqa iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseColombia ngo-1985. ixesha apho inkundla yayithathela ingqalelo isivumelwano sokuyiswa kwelizwe laseColombia ne-United States Isivumelwano sasiza kuvumela ilizwe ukuba linikezele iinkosi zamachiza e-United States ukuze zitshutshiswe.

Njengoko inethiwekhi yakhe yanda kwaye yafumana udumo, waba ludumo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngelo xesha i-‘Medellin Cartel ’yayilawula indawo enkulu yokurhweba ngeziyobisi egubungele i-United States, iSpain, iMexico, iDominic Republic, iVenezuela, iPuerto Rico namanye amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika. Amarhe okuba inethiwekhi yakhe yafika e-Asiya nayo yayijikeleza.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wokujongana nenkqubo yaseColombia eyayiquka ukoyikisa kunye nenkohliso kwathiwa yi 'plata o plomo'. Nangona ngokwenyani lithetha 'isilivere okanye ilothe' kwisichazi-magama sakhe, oko kwakuthetha ukuba yamkele 'imali' okanye ujongane 'neembumbulu'. Imisebenzi yakhe yolwaphulo-mthetho yayiquka ukubulawa kwamakhulu amagosa aseburhulumenteni, abahlali kunye namapolisa nokunyoba abezopolitiko, iijaji kunye namagosa aseburhulumenteni.

Ngo-1989 i-‘Medellin Cartel ’yakhe yayilawula ama-80% eemarike zecocaine ehlabathini. Kwakukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba wayeyimali eyintloko yeqela lebhola ekhatywayo laseColombia 'iMedellín's Atlético Nacional'. Wayekwalelwa ngokuphuhlisa iinkundla zemidlalo emininzi, amabala ebhola ekhatywayo kunye nokunceda iqela lebhola labantwana.

Nangona wayejongwa njengotshaba kurhulumente waseColombia kunye ne-U.S., Waphumelela ekwenziweni okuhle phakathi kwabantu abahluphekileyo. Wayencedisa ekwakheni izikolo, iicawa nezibhedlele kwintshona yeColombia kwaye wanikela nangezimali kwiiprojekthi zezindlu zabantu abahluphekileyo. Wayedume kakhulu kwiCawe yamaRoma Katolika yasekuhlaleni kwaye abahlali baseMedellin babedla ngokumnceda nokumkhusela kubandakanya ukumfihla kwabasemagunyeni.

Ubukhosi bakhe baba namandla kangangokuba abanye abathengisi beziyobisi bamnika iipesenti ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-35% yenzuzo yabo kuye ukuze athumele i-cocaine yabo e-U.S.

Ngo-1989, watyholwa ngokufumana uLuis Carlos Galan, owayengumgqatswa wobongameli baseColombia. Waye watyholwa nangeziqhushumbisi ‘kwi-DAS Building’ eBogota nakwi-Avianca Flight 203.

Emva kokubulawa kukaLuis Carlos Galan uCesar Gavitis wakhokela kulawulo. Urhulumente wathethathethana naye ukuba anikezele ngesigwebo esincinci kunye nokuphathwa kakuhle ngexesha lokuvalelwa kwakhe.

Ngo-1991, wazinikezela kurhulumente waseColombia kwaye wagcinwa eLa Catedral eyaguqulwa yaba yintolongo yabucala. Phambi kokuba anikezele uMgaqo-siseko osandula ukwamkelwa waseColombia walela ukubuyiselwa kwabantu baseColombia ababekrokrelwa ukuba baphenjelelwa ngu-Escobar kunye nezinye iziyobisi.

NgoJulayi, ngo-1992, emva kokufumanisa ukuba uPablo Escobar wayesenza amatyala akhe eLa Catedral, urhulumente wazama ukumtshintshela kwintolongo eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, wazi ngesi sicwangciso ngempembelelo yakhe kwaye wasinda ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

I-‘Umsebenzi oDibeneyo wokuSebenza ngokuDibeneyo ’kunye ne‘ Centra Spike ’ngokudibeneyo baqala ukumzingela ngonyaka ka 1992.‘ Search Bloc ’a special task Colombian task force were kwao.

I-'Los Pepes '(Los Perseguidos por Pablo Escobar,' Abantu Abatshutshiswa nguPablo Escobar ') iqela eliphaphileyo elincedwa ngabantu ababekhuphisana nabo kunye nababesakuba ngabahlobo bakaPablo Escobar babulala igazi elininzi. Oku kukhokelele ekubulaweni kwezihlobo ezingama-300 kunye nabahlobo baka-Escobar kunye nokonakaliswa kwepropathi enkulu yenqwelomoya yakhe.

Kwakukho uQuquzelelo phakathi 'kweBlogi yokuKhangela', iiarhente zobuntlola zaseColombia kunye naseMelika kunye 'neLos Pepes' ngokwabelana ngezobuntlola ukuze 'iLos Pepes' yehlise u-Escobar kunye namahlakani akhe ambalwa aseleyo.

UPablo Escobar utshatile UMaria Victoria ngo-Matshi 1976. Esi sibini sasinabantwana ababini - uJuan ngoku ubizwa ngokuba nguJuan Sebastián Marroquín Santos kunye Manuela Escobar .

Nge-2 kaDisemba ngo-1993, emva kwenyanga elishumi elinesihlanu ekhangelwa ‘yiBlog Search’, iColombia kunye neearhente zobuntlola zaseMelika kunye neLos Pepes, wafunyanwa kwindawo awayezimele kuyo wadutyulwa ‘ngamaPolisa esizwe aseColombia’. Kuhleli kuyimfihlakalo ukuba ngubani owamdubula entlokweni yakhe njengoko izalamane zika-Escobar zikholelwa ukuba wazidubula wafa.

Bamalunga nama-25,000 abantu ababeze emngcwabeni wakhe kubandakanya uninzi lwamahlwempu akwaMedellin awayencedwa kakhulu nguye. Ingcwaba lakhe lihlala e-Itagui 'Cemetario Jardins Montesacro'.

Ngexesha le-1990s, urhulumente wahlutha indawo yakhe yobunewunewu i-'Hacienda Napoles ', indawo yokuhlala engagqitywanga yohlobo lwamaGrike kunye nomyezo wezilwanyana phantsi komthetho' extinción de dominio 'wazinikezela kwiintsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi. Ipropathi yahlengahlengiswa yipaki yomxholo equka iihotele ezine zodidi ecaleni komyezo wezilwanyana kunye nepaki yetropiki.

UPablo Escobar uhlala engumxholo weencwadi ezininzi, iifilimu, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, amaxwebhu, umculo kunye nemidlalo.