UFilipu II waseSpain uBiography

Imbuyekezo Yophawu Lwe-Zodiac
Ukuqiqa

Fumana Ukuhambelana Nophawu Lwe-Zodiac

Iinkcukacha ezikhawulezayo

Usuku lokuzalwa: Ngomhla wama-21 ,1527





Wafa eneminyaka: 71

Umqondiso welanga: IGemini





Kwaziwa njenge:UFilipu osisilumko, uPhilip II weNdlu yaseHabsburg

Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Speyin



Uzalwe e:I-Pimentel Palace, iValladolid, eSpain

Idume njenge:UKumkani waseSpain



Abalawuli kunye neeKumkani Iinkokeli zomkhosi



Usapho:

Iqabane / Ex-:UAna waseAustria, uElizabeth waseValois, uMaria Manuela, uMary Tudor, iNkosazana yasePortugal, uKumkanikazi waseSpain

utata: Umhlaza

Isixeko: IValladolid, eSpain

Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi

Kuyacetyiswa Wena

Isabella wePor ... UFilipu III weS ... UFelipe VI waseSpain UJuan Carlos I

Ngubani uFilipu II waseSpain?

UKumkani uPhilip II (iSpanish: Felipe II) waseSpain, okwabizwa ngokuba nguPhilip osisilumko okanye uPhilip II weNdlu yaseHabsburg, wayengoyena mlawuli ubalulekileyo kwimbali yaseSpain. Kwakuphantsi kolawulo lwakhe iSpain yafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lempembelelo kunye namandla, kunye nokugqwesa kwezobugcisa, uncwadi, kunye nomculo. Ngenxa yoko, loo minyaka ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Golden Age '. Waphinda wabizwa ngokuba ngu-King of Portugal, King of Naples, Duke of Milan, and Lord of Seventeen Provinces of Netherlands kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bakhe. Ixesha elifutshane, waba ngu-Jure uxoris King wase-England nase-Ireland ngomtshato wakhe ku-Queen Mary I. Njengomfana omncinci, wakhula efunda, engcwabile, kwaye evuthiwe ngaphaya kweminyaka yakhe; imfundo yakhe esesikweni kunye noqeqesho emkhosini efumana ingqalelo elinganayo. Kwiminyaka eyi-16, utata wakhe wamenza umlawuli waseSpain, kwaye kwiminyaka elandelayo wayeza kuba yinkosi yobukumkani obukhulu obabuzokwanda kwilizwekazi lonke elaziwa ngabantu baseYurophu bangoku, ekhokelela ekuyileni intetho, ubukhosi apho ilanga lingatshoniyo. NjengomRoma Katolika onenzondelelo, waqalisa iphulo lokulwa amaProtestanti eNgilani kwiminyaka yokugqibela yolawulo. Xa kuthelekiswa, iinzame zakhe ngokuchasene neFrance kunye nobukhosi base-Ottoman zavelisa ngakumbi. Iziqithi zePhilippines zathiywa ngegama lakhe.

UFilipu II waseSpain Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.pinterest.com/rachelholtz/philip-ii-king-of-spain-portugal-habsburg/ Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=print_topic;f=15;t=007695 Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.mappingtitian.org/paintings Ityala lemifanekiso https://wikia.lordofthecraft.net/index.php?title=File:Otto_Marius_Baruch_(Philip_II_of_Spain).jpg Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.pinterest.com/pin/95912667038219561/Iinkokeli zomkhosi waseSpain Ubuntu beMbali yaseSpain Amadoda eGemini Ukungena kunye nolawulo UCharles V wathinjwa ngo-1554, eneminyaka engama-54 ubudala emva kweminyaka engama-34 yolawulo olusebenzayo olamshiya edinwe emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Umntakwabo uFerdinand, owayesele elawula imihlaba yookhokho babo e-Austria, wangena ezihlangwini zakhe njengo-Emperor oyiNgcwele waseRoma. UFilipu wathabatha ubukhosi baseSpain, kunye neepropathi ezinkulu eNetherlands nase-Itali. Obu bukhosi bobabini babezona zibalaseleyo komnye nomnye kude kube kuphele isebe laseSpain lobukhosi baseHabsburg ngenkulungwane ye-18. Olona longezo lwakutshanje kubukhosi baseSpain yayikukuba buBukumkani baseNavarre. Yoyiswa yangeniswa ebukumkanini nguFerdinand II waseAragon ngo-1512. Kumyolelo wakhe, uCharles wavakalisa inkxalabo yakhe ngobukumkani, waze wacebisa ukuba uPhilip anike uNavarre inkululeko. Ayizange ibe nesiqhamo. Bobabini basilele ukuqonda imeko yonyulo yesithsaba sobukumkani. Emva kokubeka iimvukelo ezininzi, uPhilip wafaka uCarlos njengoKumkani waseNavarre kwaye wamisela amagosa akhe athembekileyo kurhulumente. Ngo-Okthobha u-2, 1554, wathweswa isithsaba sokuba ngu-King of Naples ngu-Pope Julius III, kwaye ngo-Novemba ngo-18, wanyukela kwitrone yase-Sicilian. Uqalise imfazwe kwiiPapa States ngo-1556, edla ngokubangelwa nguPapa Paul IV. Upopu wamangalela uxolo. Kwatyikitywa isivumelwano phakathi kukaKhadinali Carlo Carafa nenkosana yaseAlba, emele iinkosi zabo, ngoSeptemba 13, 1557. Inxalenye yokugqibela yeeMfazwe zaseItali yaba liphulo elinomvuzo kuFilipu naseSpain. Umkhosi waseSpain waphumelela ngokuchasene namaFrentshi eSt Quentin ngo-1557 naseGravelines ngo-1558. Isivumelwano saseCateau-Cambresis satyikitywa phakathi kukaPhilip noHenry II, uKumkani waseFrance, ngomhla we-3 ku-Epreli ngo-1559. IPiedmont, iSavoy, neCorsica banikwa amahlakani obukhosi. Ikwafumanise uPhilip njengomlawuli waseMilan, iNaples, iSicily, iSardinia, kunye ne-State of Presidi kwaye yaphelisa imfazwe eyayithathe phantse iminyaka engama-60. Wayexhasa ngezimali iqumrhu lamaKatolika ukusukela oko kwaqalwa ‘ngeeMfazwe ZaseFransi Zonqulo.’ Ngexesha amaSpeyin ahlasela iFransi ngowe-1589, iimfazwe eziphakathi kwamaqela amaKatolika namaProtestanti zazisele zineminyaka engama-27 ubudala. UFilipu wazama ukuhlalisa uHenry IV, owayenguCalvin kwaye wabeka intombi yakhe, u-Isabel Clara Eugenia, kwisihlalo sobukhosi saseFrance. UHenry waguqukela kubuKatolika ngo-1593, evakalisa ukuba makhe kuliwe neSpain ngoJanuwari 1595. Ingxabano yaqhubeka de kwangowe-1598, xa kwakutyikitywa iSivumelwano saseVervins. Ngelixa iSpain yarhoxa kumhlaba waseFrance, ithemba likaPhilip lokubona inkosi yamaFrentshi yaseFransi liye laba yinyani. Amaphondo alishumi elinesixhenxe aseNetherlands asongelwa zizidubedube kunye neziphithiphithi ngexesha lolawulo lukaPhilip. Kwaqhambuka imfazwe ngo-1568. Abantu belizwe, ubukhulu becala ababengamaProtestanti, babetshutshiswa ngokungapheziyo kwaye behlawuliswa irhafu eninzi. Ngo-1566, abefundisi bakaCalvin bakhuthaza ugonyamelo nxamnye nobuKatolika. Kwaqhambuka intshukumo yezidubedube nokonakaliswa kwempahla, okwaziwa njengeIconoclast Fury. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Inkokheli yenkululeko yamaDatshi uWilliam the Silent wabulawa ngo-1584, kulandela isibhengezo sikaFilipu semivuzo engama-25,000 yokufa kwakhe. Imfazwe yaqhubeka kakuhle nasemva kokufa kukaPhilip. Ngo-1648, iRiphabhlikhi yaseDatshi ezimeleyo yaqala ukubakho. Ingxaki yokulandelelana yamiselwa ePortugal emva kokusweleka kwenkosi yayo encinci uSebastian ngo-1578 ngaphandle kweendlalifa. UFilipu wahlasela nasemva kwedabi e-Alcântara, wenyuka esihlalweni njengo-Philip I wase-Portugal. Wakhe kunye nomfazi wakhe wesithathu, uMary I wobukumkani baseNgilani njengoKumkani kunye noKumkanikazi waseNgilani naseIreland kwakuyintlekele kumaProtestanti. Kakhulu, kangangokuba uMariya waziwa 'njengoMariya Onegazi'. Emva kokubulawa kukaMary, ukumkanikazi waseScotland, wasungula iSpanish Armada ukuba yoyise iNgilani kwaye ibeke umKatolika etroneni. Yayiyintlekele. Uninzi lweenqanawa zalahleka ngenxa yoqhwithela, kwaye ezinye zoyiswa ngokulula yimikhosi yamaNgesi. Imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo Ngaphambi kokuba abuyele eSpain, uFilipu wachitha iminyaka yokuqala yokulawula kwakhe eNetherlands. Ngamandla akhulayo e-bureaucracy, igunya likaPhilip lajongana nezithintelo ezininzi eziphunyezwe ngumgaqo-siseko, ngaphandle kokudunyiswa njengenkosi epheleleyo. ISpain yayiyimanyano yamazwe ahlukeneyo, oorhulumente basekhaya ababesaziwa ngokubeka phambili ukuzonwabisa ngaphezu komyalelo wasebukhosini. UPhilip uzuze njengelifa ityala elimalunga nezigidi ezingama-36 zeducuc kunye nonyaka oshiyekileyo osisi-1 semali esivela kuyise, ekuthe ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe kwabangela ukuba ama-bankruptcy amahlanu ahlukeneyo kurhulumente ngo-1557, 1560, 1569, 1575, no-1596. , ISpain igcina ubukhosi obukhulu, ichitha isixa esikhulu semali kuhambo lwaphesheya kwezilwandle, kwaye yenza iiprojekthi ezininzi zasekhaya ezibizayo ziya kuthi zibe negalelo ekunciphiseni kwayo kwisithuba seminyaka elikhulu ezayo. Yayingeyontiyo yakhe yenkolo eyathi yagqiba imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yezangaphandle; Ipolitiki ye-dynastic nayo yadlala indima elinganayo. Wenza ukomeleza inkolo yamaKhatholika umsebenzi wobomi bakhe kunye neyona njongo iphambili yokulawula kwakhe kwaye wakhokelela kumlo okhohlakeleyo nxamnye noqhekeko. INkundla Yokuncina Amakholwa yayisisixhobo esinamandla esasiyiphelisa inkululeko yonqulo ebukumkanini. Iimfazwe ezinkulu Ubukhosi base-Ottoman babukhule baba lelona qela linamandla eMeditera, ngakumbi oko boyisa uCharles wase-Spain ngo-1541. UDuchy waseSavoy kunye neKnights yaseMalta ngo-1560. Ngo-1571, phantsi kobunkokheli bukaDon John, uManyano Olungcwele latsho loyisa imikhosi yaseTurkey kwidabi laseLepanto. Isivumelwano soxolo satyikitywa phakathi kwamaqela alwayo ngo-1585. Eyona nto wayeyiphumelele kwezomkhosi ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo yayiluloyiso olunxamnye nomkhosi waselwandle wase-Ottoman. Ngelixa ungquzulwano luqhubekile iminyaka ethile, umkhosi waselwandle waseTurkey awuzange uphinde ube sisoyikiso esikhulu kumagunya aseYurophu. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa UFilipu II watshata amatyeli amane ebomini bakhe. Watshata umfazi wakhe wokuqala, owayekwangumzala wakhe wokuqala, uMaria Manuela, inkosazana yasePortugal, ngoNovemba 12, 1543. Wafa kwiintsuku ezine emva kokubeleka unyana wabo, uCarlos, iNkosana yaseAsturias (owazalwa ngo-1545), ukuphuma kwegazi kubandezeleke ngexesha lokuhanjiswa. Wayeneminyaka eli-17 ngoko. Wayeneminyaka engama-27 xa kwakusenzeka umtshato phakathi kwakhe noMary. Kuye, yayingumbandela wobumbano kwezopolitiko, ngelixa uMary owayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala wayemthanda ngokunyanisekileyo. Umtshato wabo awuzange uvelise mntwana, nangona bekukho imeko yokukhulelwa okungeyonyani. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe ngo-Novemba 17, 1558, uPhilip wazama ukutshata udade wabo ongumProtestanti uElizabeth. Emva kokutyikitywa koXolo lweCateau-Cambrésis, olwaphawula ukuphela kwembambano eyayineminyaka engama-65 ubudala phakathi kweFrance neSpain, uPhilip watshata neNkosazana uElisabeth waseValois, intombi kaHenry II waseFrance ngoJuni 22, 1559. omnye wemigqaliselo ebalulekileyo yothethathethwano. U-Elisabeth, owayefanele ukutshata noCarlos, wakhulelwa iintombi ezintlanu kunye noonyana ababini kunye noFilipu, babini kuphela kubo abasinda ebudaleni: u-Isabella Clara Eugenia (1566) no-Catherine Michelle (1567). Ngo-1568, u-Elisabeth wasweleka ngelixa ebeleka umntwana wabo wokugqibela. Umtshato wakhe wesine nowokugqibela wayenomtshana wakhe, u-Anna wase-Austria. Ukutshata ngoMeyi 4, 1570, esi sibini sasinoonyana abane, uFerdinand, iNkosana yaseAsturias (1571), uCharles Laurence (1573), uDiego, iNkosana yaseAsturias (1575), kunye noPhilip III, owangena ezihlangwini zobukhosi baseSpain (1578) ), kunye nentombi, uMaria (1580). Kwiinyanga ezisibhozo emva kokuzalwa kukaMaria, uAnna wahlaselwa yintliziyo kwaye wasweleka. Ubudlelwane bukaPhilip nonyana wakhe omkhulu, indlalifa ebonakalayo uCarlos, babunzima. Aba babini babanyamezelana. Emva kwengozi ngo-1562, apho uCarlos wawa khona kwizinyuko, waba nomonzakalo omkhulu entloko kwaye nangona wachacha ngendlela emangalisayo. NgoJanuwari 1568, wavalelwa yedwa eRoyal Alcazar yaseMadrid nguyise. Usweleke ngoJulayi 24 ngenxa yokungondleki kunye nokuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo. UFilipu wayengumlawuli wobukhosi bokuqala baseYurophu beli xesha langoku, apho ubugcisa kunye nesayensi ziqhubela phambili ngokuxhuma kunye nemida. Nangona kunjalo, lukholo lwakhe olwaba ngumqobo kulawulo lwakhe. Kwilinge lakhe lokuphelisa ubuProtestanti, wanika amaDatshi namaNgesi indawo yokuhlangana. Impatho yakhe yamaMorisco yayiyinto ekhohlakeleyo, eyakhokelela kwimvukelo yeAlpujarras (1568-71). Ubudala beminyaka engama-71, uPhilip wabulawa ngumhlaza ngoSeptemba 13, 1598, e-El Escordial, ibhotwe awalixhasayo ngokwakhe, neliyindawo yokuhlala yembali kaKumkani waseSpain. Inqaku Wayisusa inkundla yakhe eValladolid wayisa eMadrid ngoJuni ka-1561, esenza ngempumelelo ukuba ibe likomkhulu lobukhosi baseSpain, obusekhona nanamhlanje.