Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoJanuwari 1 ,1431
Wafa eneminyaka: 72
Umqondiso welanga: Capricorn
Kwaziwa njenge:URodrigo de Borja kunye noDoms, uRodrigo Borgia
Uzalwe e:Xàtiva, eSpain
Idume njenge:INkokeli yeNkolo
Abalawuli kunye neeKumkani Amadoda amaTaliyane
Usapho:
abantwana:Umlawuli wokuqala we-Gandía, uBernardo Borgia,ULucrezia Borgia UCesare Borgia UCharles IV weS ... Mnyama
Wayengubani uPopu Alexander VI?
URodrigo de Borja y Doms (wase-Italiya: URodrigo Borgia) wayengu-214-Pope owazalelwa eSpain owakhuliswa wasisihlalo sikapopu njengo-Pope Alexander VI. Ungomnye wamanani aphikisayo kwimbali yobupapa. Wancoma evela kwindlu ka-Borgia eyayiyintsapho ebalaseleyo nenamandla e-Italo-Spanish ngexesha loKuvuselela i-Italiya kunye namalungu aliqela awayekhonza kwizikhundla zolawulo kwiCawa yamaKatolika. Phantsi kweliso likayisekazi, uAlonso de Borgia, uBhishophu waseValencia, uRodrigo wafundela ezomthetho kwaye waphumelela njengogqirha wezomthetho. Emva kokonyulwa kuka-Alonso njengo-Pope Callixtus III, wonyulwa ngokulandelelana njengebhishophu, ikhadinali, kunye nosekela-ngqonyela weCawa. Usebenze phantsi kwezinye iiponti ezine, efumana amandla amakhulu kunye nobutyebi. Ngo-1492, emva kokusweleka kukaPopu Innocent VIII, uBorgia wavela njengoPopu ngembonakalo engazange ibonwe ngaphambili yokunyanzela kunye nenkohliso, kwaye wabamba isikhundla de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngo-1503. , kunye nokuxhasa ngenkuthalo ubugcisa kunye nemfundo, ilifa lakhe liphawulwe ngobungqina, ukuzala, inkululeko, kunye nezityholo ezimbalwa zokubulala. Ababhali-mbali bahlala besithi ukunyuka kobuProtestanti kukungakhathaleli kwakhe ilifa leCawa yamaKatolika.
Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.aeroartinc.com/rodrigo-borgia-pope-alexander-vi.html 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VI#/media/File:Pope_alexander_VI.jpg (Jonga iphepha lombhali [Indawo yasesidlangalaleni])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI#/media/File:Pope_Alexander_Vi.jpg (UCristofano dell'Altissimo [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alexander_VI#/media/File:PopeAlexander_VI.jpg (KwiNdawo yoLuntu) Ngaphambili Okulandelayo Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala URodrigo wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1, 1431, kwidolophu yaseXàtiva kufutshane neValencia, indawo ebukumkanini baseAragon, ngoku eseSpain, kubazali uJofré Llançol i Escrivà noIsabel de Borja y Cavanilles. Abazali bakhe babengabazala abakude. Ngokwenye ithiyori, igama likayise lithathwa ngokuba nguJofré de Borja y Escrivà, nto leyo eyayiza kumenza abe yinxalenye yendlu kaBorgia macala omabini osapho. Ukunyaniseka koku akunakulindeleka, kuba bonke abantwana bakhe babesaziwa ukuba ngabomnombo ka-Llançol. Wayengumfundi ongumzekelo. Wabhalisa kwiDyunivesithi yaseBologna ukuze afunde ezomthetho. Umalume wakhe, u-Alonso de Borgia, njengo-Bhishophu waseValencia, wayejonge imfundo yomtshana wakhe. Waphumelela njengowona mthetho ubalaseleyo nongugqirha njengogqirha kwezomthetho weecawa. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ububingeleli URodrigo waya eRoma ukuze ajoyine u-Alonso emva kokuba eyokugqibela eyikhadinali. Ukunyuka kwakhe ngolawulo lwabefundisi kwaba meteoric. Emva kokubekwa kuka-Alonso njengoPopu Callixtus III ngo-Epreli 8, 1455, uRodrigo wathabatha igama likanina, eqonda amathemba amatsha amabhongo akhe. Wenziwa uBhishophu waseValencia kungekudala emva koko, isithuba esandula ukushiya umalume wakhe. Kwisenzo sobuphoyinti esasiqhelekile ngelo xesha, uAlonso wanika uRodrigo izibonelelo ezininzi ezityebileyo. Kwiminyaka engama-25, wenziwa umdikoni emva koko waba nguKhadinali-Deacon waseSan Nicola eCarcere. Wayezobamba isikhundla kude kube ngo-1471. Waye wachongwa njengomlawuli wase-Girona ngo-1457. Kwakuloo nyaka, waba ngu-Vice-Chancellor we-Holy Roman Church. Nangona uPopu Callixtus III wasweleka ngo-1458, ayizange iphazamise amandla nempembelelo kaBorgia eCaweni. Kwiminyaka engama-30, wakhonza phantsi koopopu abahlanu abahlukeneyo-umalume wakhe uCallixtus III, uPius II, uPaul II, uSixtus IV kunye no-Innocent VIII-ngalo lonke eli xesha wayehlala njengenkosana, efumana amava olawulo kunye nobutyebi. Ukumiselwa kwakhe kububingeleli kwenzeka ngo-1468 kwaye kwiminyaka emithathu emva koko, wathanjiswa njengobhishophu kwaye wonyulwa njengoKhadinali-Bhishophu wase-Albano. Ngo-1476 wanyulwa njengoKhadinali-Bhishophu wasePorto kunye noMlawuli weKholeji eNgcwele. Wabizwa ngokuba ngu-Archbishop wokuqala waseValencia emva kwesindululo sakhe sokwenza isixeko sibeyidolophu enkulu, engeniswe kwiintsuku ezili-16 ngaphambi kokubhubha kuka-Innocent VIII. Isikhundla sanikezelwa ngaphakathi kosapho lakwaBorgia, okokuqala 'kwazuz' ilifa kunyana wakhe uCesare, u-Archbishop wesibini waseValencia emva koko nguJuan de Borja noPedro Luis de Borja, owesithathu kunye nowesine uBhishophu omkhulu waseValencia, ngokwahlukeneyo. Ixesha lokuhlala njengoPopu Olunye utshintsho kumgaqo-siseko weKholeji yamaKhadinali lwaziswa ngenkulungwane ye-15, ngakumbi ngexesha lokulawula kukaSixtus IV kunye noInnocent VIII. Kwakukho iikhadinali ezingama-27 ekupheleni kolawulo luka-Innocent VIII, kubo abali-10 ubuncinci babe ngabakhadinali, abasi-8 bonyulwa ngabalawuli abohlukeneyo kwiNgqobhoko, abane yayizidwangube zaseRoma, kwaye omnye wafumana ikhadinali ngenxa yeminyaka yosapho. Inkonzo eya 'kwi-Holy See.' Babebathathu abagqatswa abaprayimari emva kokubhubha kuka-Innocent VIII ngoJulayi 25, 1492-uAscanio Sforza waseMilanese, uGiuliano della Rovere kwiqela laseFrance nelaseBorgia, owayegqalwa njengomgqatswa ozimeleyo. Kwakukho iingcinga zokuba uBorgia uthengile uninzi lweevoti, nditsho nokunyoba uSforza ngeeminyuzi ezine zesilivere. Ngayiphi na indlela, i-conclave ye-1492 yayili phulo elibizayo macala onke. Ngo-Agasti 11, 1492, eneminyaka engama-61 ubudala, uRodrigo wanyuselwa njengoPopu Alexander VI. Kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba ethathe upapa, wagcina ulawulo olungqongqo lwezobulungisa kunye nocwangco kurhulumente. Kungekudala, nangona kunjalo, waqala ukunika umhlaba, amandla, kunye nobutyebi kwizalamane zakhe. Ngaphandle kokwenza unyana wakhe ongekho mthethweni uCesare uKhadinali waseValencia eneminyaka eli-18, wanyula abanye ookhadinali abali-11, wanika nabanye oonyana bakhe uGiovanni iSpanish Dukedom yaseGandia, kunye noGioffre amatyeli aliqela aphuma kwiPapa States. Ukhuphe ‘Iinkunzi Zenkomo Zomnikelo’ ezintathu, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii ‘Alexandrine Bulls’, ukunika imimandla yaphesheya kwe Portugal ne Spain. I-‘Eeximiae ibadais ’yakhutshwa ngoMeyi 3, 1493,‘ Inter caetera ’ngoMeyi 4, kunye ne‘ Dudum siquidem ’ngoSeptemba 26. Qhubeka nokuFunda ngezantsi ngo-1494, uCharles VIII wase-France wahlasela i-Italiya ukuze athabathe itrone yaseNaples. UAlexander watyityimbiselwa umnwe nebhunga lenguqulelo. Ezopolitiko zodwa kwilizwe lakhe, wafuna uncedo kuBayezid II, uSultan waseTurkey. Wadibana nenkosi yase-France ngo-1495, xa wanikwa imbeko yesiqhelo ngenxa yakhe evela kumlawuli wase-France. Ekugqibeleni, wenza umanyano kunye neVenice, iMilan, kunye noMlawuli oyiNgcwele oyiRoma ukuba bagxothe amaFrentshi e-Itali. Unyana wakhe amthandayo, uGiovanni okanye uJuan, wabulawa ngoJuni 14, 1497. Ebuhlungu, uAlexander waqalisa uphando lokukhangela umbulali. Kwakungayi kubakho emva kwexesha elide ukuba uCesare akrokrelwe ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ababhali-mbali abaliqela batyhola uAlexander noCesare ngokufaka ityhefu kuKhadinali u-Adriano Castellesi. Nangona kunjalo, abukho ubungqina obucacileyo bokuxhasa ibango. Kukho kuphela ukuvuma kwezono okukhutshwe kwizicaka zika-Alexander, kodwa ezo zanikwa phantsi kwengcungcuthekiso eqatha, eyayijongwa nguJulius II, utshaba olude lobomi luka-Alexander. Ubonakalise ukomelela okukhulu ekusingatheni imeko yaseGirolamo Savonarola. USavonarola wayenguFlorentine waseDominican Friar owathimba ulawulo lwezopolitiko eFlorence ngo-1494 kwaye wabeka ii-invective ngokuchasene nenkohliso kapopu. Ekugqibeleni wabulawa ngurhulumente wesixeko sakhe. Wamisela isithethe esitsha sokuvula umnyango ongcwele ngeKhrisimesi kwaye wawuvalela ngomhla weKrisimesi kunyaka olandelayo kwi-Jubilee Year 1500. Ukwazile ukoyisa ezona ntsapho zimbini zazinamandla e-Roma, i-Orsini kunye ne-Colona, kule minyaka idlulileyo. kapopu wakhe. Ngo-Agasti 6, 1503, uAlexander noCesare babedla isidlo kunye no-Adriano Castellesi kwaye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, bobabini bagula. Ngelixa uCesare ekugqibeleni wachacha, uPontiff oneminyaka engama-72 akazange. Usweleke ngo-Agasti 18. Imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo Ngenxa yeminye imisebenzi yakhe, uhlengahlengiso olwenziwe ngu-Alexander VI oluzise kwi-Curia engakhathaliyo ihlala ihoywa. Wadala iqela labakhadinali abakholwayo eCaweni ukunceda inkqubo ihambe ngokukhawuleza. Olunye lotshintsho awayefuna ukulusebenzisa yayiyimithetho emitsha ekuthengisweni kwepropathi yeCawa, ukuthintela amakhadinali kububhishophu omnye, kunye nemigaqo engqongqo yokuziphatha kwabafundisi. Ukuba ebephile ixesha elide, mhlawumbi ngokwenziwa kwezi zicwangciso, ngesele efumene uvavanyo olungcono kwimbali. Njengomntu owaziwayo kwezobugcisa, wabamba uBramante, uRaphael, uMichelangelo, kunye noPinturicchio eRoma. Indlu yakhe kwiNdlu yabaPostile eVictoria yayipeyintwe ngobunono nguPinturicchio. Wayeyithanda nemidlalo yeqonga; I-Plautus '' Menaechmi 'yayihlala isenziwa kwisuti yakhe kapopu. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Ukhuthaze ukukhula kwemfundo kwiNgqobhoko. Wakhupha inkunzi yenkomo, wasungula iKholeji yaseKing, iAberdeen, kwisicelo esivela kuWilliam Elphinstone, uBhishophu waseAberdeen, kunye noKing James IV waseScotland. Utyikitye iphepha-mvume lokuvunywa 'kweYunivesithi yaseValencia' kwi1501. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Imithombo yangoku ithi kwasebutsheni bakhe, uBorgia wayeyindoda entle enobuso obuchwayitileyo kunye nokuzala. Wayenomtsalane kwaye ethetha kakuhle, kwaye abafazi abathandekayo babenomdla kuye. Wayeyinkokeli esebenzayo nenengqiqo, ejongwa ‘njengombingeleli wezopolitiko’ ngabaninzi. Isithethi esinetalente, iintetho zakhe zabonisa ulwazi olubanzi lwezibhalo. Wayekwangumxhasi onenzondelelo kuphuhliso lobugcisa kunye nesayensi. UAlexander VI wayeneempazamo ezininzi, eyona ibalaseleyo yayinguVannozza dei Cattanei. Ulwalamano lwabo lukholelwa ukuba luqale ngaxeshanye phakathi kwe-1466 kunye ne-1472 kwaye bahlala kwimitshato yakhe emithathu. Wazala abantwana abane, uCesare (owazalwa ngo-1475), uGiovanni (1476), uLucrezia (1480) noGioffre (1482). Kwiminyaka yakwangoko ekhokelela ekunyukeleni kwakhe koopopu, ukuthanda kukaBorgia ngaye kuye kwancipha ngandlel 'ithile, nangona wayegcina ukuba uthando lwakhe ngaye lwalungelomoya. Ngaphambi kokuba avume abantwana bakaVannozza njengabakhe, wenza ngathi ngabatshana bakhe, abazelwe ngabayeni bakhe. NjengoPopu, wamisela elowo njengowakhe, echitha isixa esikhulu semali kunye nezixhobo kubo. Enye yeempazamo zakhe ezibalulekileyo yayingumfazi ka-Orsino Orsini, uGiulia Farnese. U-Orsino wayehlobene no-Borgia ngunina u-Adriana, owayengumzala wakhe. U-Adriana wabekwa ukuba alawule uLucrezia, owayehlala etyelelwa ngutata wakhe e-Orsini estate. Kolunye lwezi tyelelo, wadibana noGiulia kwaye kwangoko wafuna imvume kumamazala wakhe wokuba abe yinkosikazi. U-Adriana uvumile ngeli lungiselelo kwaye ngokubuyisela u-Orsino wanikwa isikhundla sokuba ngusodolophu waseCarbognano. Ukuthandana kwabo kwavelisa intombi, uLaura, owazalwa ngo-1492. Esoyika ihlazo elinokuvela kanye ngonyaka wokunyuka kwakhe njengopopu, wavumela ukuba ubabawo abangwe kwaye amkelwe ngu-Orsini. Kunokwenzeka ukuba uGiulia wayenabanye abantwana ngaye. Emva kowe-1500, wathandana noPopu kwaye kwahlulwa ngoxolo kwafunyanwa uncedo luka-Adriana. Wayenabanye abantwana abane awabamkela ubuzali bakhe kodwa khange kubekho khankanywa ngoomama babo. NgoGirolama, Isabella, Pedro-Luiz, kunye noBernardo. Ungukhokho wendlovukazi ukumkanikazi u-Luisa María Francisca de Guzmán y Sandoval wase-Portugal, umfazi ka-King John IV. Ngaye, ungukhokho wezona ndawo zasebukhosini zaseMzantsi naseNtshona yeYurophu. Njengombingeleli, wafumana isohlwayo esiqatha kuPopu Pius II ngenxa yobundlobongela awayebuphila. Emva kokusweleka kukaBorgia, uPopu Pius III wakhonza njengoPopu wama-215 kuphela kwiintsuku ezingama-26 ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-Oktobha 18, 1503. Waphumelela nguJulius II. Ngomhla wokunyulwa kwakhe, uJulius II wabhengeza ukuba akazokuhlala kwigumbi elinye awayehlala kulo uBorgia. Wayalela ukuba kuvulwe onke amangcwaba akwaBorgia, nemizimba ithunyelwe eSpain. Amagumbi aseBorgia asala etywiniwe kude kube yinkulungwane ye-19. Enye yezinto ezahlula uAlexander VI kwimbali kapopu yelo xesha kukuphatha kwakhe abantu benkolo yobuJuda. Wamkela malunga nama-9000 amaJuda ase-Iberia ahluphekayo kwi-Papal States emva kokugxothwa kwabo eSpain ngo-1492. Ukwanikezela ngendlela ekhuselekileyo eya kumaJuda afudukayo agxothwa ePortugal ngo-1497 naseProvence ngo-1498. UDella Rovere wade wamtyhola ngokuba nguMarrano. Inqaku Amazwi akhe okugqibela ngaphambi kokufa ukuba ndiza kuza, ndiza kuza. Kuqhelekile ukuba unditsalele umnxeba. Kodwa linda kancinci. Ababini esikhundleni sakhe, oopopu Sixtus V kunye neUrban VIII, babemncomile njengomnye woopopu ababalaseleyo ukusukela nge-Saint Peter.
