Usuku lokuzalwa: Julayi 15 ,Ngo-1606
Wafa eneminyaka: 63
Umqondiso welanga: Umhlaza
Kwaziwa njenge:Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Rembrandt van Rijn, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (Indawo yokusebenzela)
Uzalwe e:Khokela
Idume njenge:Umzobi
Amagcisa Abapeyinti beBaroque
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:USaskia van Uylenburgh
utata:UHarmen Gerritszoon van Rijn
umama:UNeeltgen Willemsdatter van Zuytbrouck
abantakwenu:UAdriaen van Rijn, uCornelis van Rijn, uGerrit van Rijn, uLysbeth van Rijn, uMachtelt van Rijn, uWillem van Rijn
abantwana:UCornelia van Rijn, uTitus van Rijn
Usweleke kwi: Nge-4 ka-Okthobha , 1669
indawo yokufa:IAmsterdam
Isixeko: ILeiden, eNetherlands
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:IYunivesithi yaseLeiden
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UCarel Fabritius UPaul Potter UJohannes Vermeer UAelbert CuypWayengubani uRembrandt?
URembrandt wayengumzobi waseDatshi obalwa phakathi kwabapeyinti abakhulu baseYurophu ngalo lonke ixesha. Wayephila ngexesha lamaDatshi eGolide, ixesha ngenkulungwane ye-17 apho urhwebo lwesiDatshi, isayensi, ezomkhosi, kunye nobugcisa zaziphakathi kwezona zidumileyo emhlabeni. Emva kokusebenza ngelinye lawona maxesha amnandi kwimbali yaseDatshi, uRembrandt waphakama waduma njengegcisa lokuyila, elinyanisekileyo nelinovelwano kwaye namhlanje uhlonitshwa njengomnye wamagcisa amakhulu awakha akho. Uzalelwe kwiintsapho ezizizityebi eLeiden, waba notyekelo lobugcisa kunye nokupeyinta esemncinci. Njengenkwenkwana wafunda ngomzobi wembali, uJacob van Swanenburgh, kunye noPieter Lastman, owokugqibela okwahlala ixesha elifutshane kodwa washiya impembelelo ebalulekileyo kulowo wayeza kuba ngumculi. Emva kokuqalisa ikhondo lomsebenzi wobugcisa njengomzobi wobugcisa, uRembrandt kungekudala wafumana udumo olukhulu njengomzobi. Wayekhuthazwa ngokukodwa ngenxa yemifanekiso yakhe ayenzileyo enesidanga esinyanisekileyo sokunyaniseka kunye nokunyaniseka okungahambelaniyo. Wayekwayaziwa ngemizobo yakhe yemiboniso yebhayibhile kunye nokuhonjiswa kwezinto ezintsha. Uye wacebisa inani elikhulu labafundi kubandakanya uHendrick Fromantiou, Aert de Gelder, uSamuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten, kunye no-Abraham Janssens, abathi baba ngamagcisa awaziwayo kumalungelo abo.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembrandt (Rembrandt [Indawo kawonke-wonke okanye indawo kawonke-wonke], nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/did-rembrandt-have-help-180959809/ (Rembrandt [Indawo yoluntu], nge-Wikimedia Commons)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.art-prints-on-demand.com/a/rembrandt/rembrandtselbstbildnisvor.html (http://www.kunstkopie.de/a/rembrandt/rembrandtselbstbildnisvor.html)Amagcisa omhlaza kunye nabaPeyinti Amadoda omhlaza Umsebenzi Emva kokugqiba uqeqesho, uRembrandt waba ngumculi oqeqeshiweyo kwaye wavula isitudiyo eLeiden phakathi kwiminyaka ye-1620 ngoncedo lomhlobo kunye nomzobi, uJan Lievens. Waqala ukuzama ii-etchings kwaye waqala ukupeyinta imiboniso yebhayibhile. Uvelise eyakhe indlela eyahlukileyo yokupeyinta ukukhanya kunye nokukhanyisa okwamenza waduma kakhulu. Imizobo yakhe ethi ‘Peter and Paul Disputing’ (1628) kunye ‘noJudas oguqukileyo kunye nokubuyisa iziqwenga zesilivere’ (1629) zezinye zemizobo ebonisa ubukrelekrele bakhe ekuphatheni ingcamango yokukhanya. URembrandt uphumelele kakhulu kwisithuba seminyaka embalwa yokuba ngumzobi oqeqeshiweyo kwaye oku kuye kwatsala uninzi lwabazobi abanqwenela ukuba ngabaphathi besitudiyo sakhe ababenomdla wokuqeqeshwa yinkosi enkulu. Ekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1620 waqala ukwamkela abafundi kwaye uGerrit Dou wayengomnye wabafundi bakhe bokuqala. URembrandt waqhelana negosa likarhulumente uConstantijn Huygens elibonakalise ukuba liluncedo kakhulu kumculi. UHuygens wayixabisa kakhulu imizobo kaRembrandt kwaye ukuqala nge-1629, wanceda umzobi ekufumaneni iikhomishini ezibalulekileyo ezivela kwinkundla yaseHague. Eyothuswe yimpumelelo yakhe, uRembrandt wafudukela eAmsterdam e1631 ukuze andise ishishini lakhe. Ekuqaleni wayehlala nomthengisi wobugcisa, uHendrick van Uylenburgh, owayeneworkshop eyayenza imifanekiso kunye nokubuyisa imizobo. Ngeli xesha uRembrandt waqala ukusebenza njenge-portraitist okokuqala kwaye wanconywa ngenxa yenyani kwimifanekiso yakhe. Ngexesha le-1630s waqala ukupeyinta imifanekiso emnandi yebhayibhile kunye neentsomi ngefomathi enkulu. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ukususela ngeli xesha iquka ‘Ukungaboni kukaSamson’ (1636), ‘umthendeleko kaBelshashatsa’ (c. 1635), kunye ne ‘Danaë’ (1636). Indlela yakhe yatshintsha kakhulu ngee-1640s. Imizobo yakhe ngoku yaba yinto engacacanga kwaye yathamba ngakumbi kwilizwi. I-1640s ikwaphawule ixesha elibi kubomi bakhe obunokuba sisizathu sokutshintsha kwesimbo sakhe. Ngeli xesha linzima wapenda imifanekiso emininzi yeBhayibhile kwiTestamente eNtsha kuneTestamente eNdala. I-1650s yabona utshintsho ngakumbi kwisitayile sakhe sobugcisa. Wathatha ukupeyinta ngee-hues ezinamandla ngakumbi kunye neebrashi ezomeleleyo. Isitayile sakhe esitsha sishiya kakhulu isitayile sakhe esidala kwaye saba krwada. Imixholo yebhayibhile kwimizobo yakhe yamva yatshintshela kumanani asondeleleneyo anjengomfanekiso ovela kumdlalo weqonga omangalisayo awayefudula esebenzisa ubuchule kuwo. Imisebenzi emikhulu Umzobo wakhe 'Isifundo seAnatomy sikaGqirha Nicolaes Tulp' (1632) yinto ekuxoxwa kakhulu ngayo phakathi kwezonyango. Kwipeyinti yeoyile wabonisa uGqirha Nicolaes Tulp, ugqirha odumileyo waseDatshi, echaza izihlunu zengalo kwiingcali zonyango. Umzobo wakhe we-1642, 'Ubusuku bokuBukela' yenye yemisebenzi yakhe yokuvelela. Kucingwa ukuba ngumzekelo owaziwayo wehlabathi wobugcisa beBaroque, umzobo udume ngokusetyenziswa kokukhanya kunye nesithunzi, kunye nembono yokunyakaza kwinto eyayinokuba yimizobo yasemkhosini emileyo. Ubomi boBuntu kunye neLifa URembrandt watshata umzala wakhe uHendrick, uSaskia van Uylenburgh, ngo-1634. Umfazi wakhe wayeyintombi yegqwetha. Ubomi bosapho bakhe babonakaliswa ziintlekele ezininzi. Nangona umfazi wakhe wazala abantwana abane, mnye kuphela kubo owasindayo ebusaneni. Nomfazi wakhe usweleke esemncinci, wamshiya ekhathazekile. Wayenobudlelwane obufutshane nomongikazi wonyana wakhe uGeertje Dircx emva kokubhubha komfazi wakhe. Emva kwexesha waqala ukubandakanyeka kwezothando kunye nomfazi omncinci kakhulu, uHendrickje Stoffels, owayefudula eyintombazana yakhe. Lo manyano uvelise intombi. Nangona esi sibini singazange sitshate ngokusesikweni, bobabini babonwa njengabatshatileyo ngokusemthethweni phantsi komthetho oqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle kokuba ngumzobi ophumeleleyo ofumene ubutyebi obuninzi, uRembrandt wayeyaziwa ngobomi bakhe obutofotofo kunye nobunewunewu obabuphantse bumqhubela kubhengezo. Iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela yayintle kakhulu njengoko umfazi womfazi wakhe kunye nonyana wakhe babedlula kumzobi. Usweleke ngomhla we-4 kweyeDwarha ngo-1669 eAmsterdam, kwaye wangcwatyelwa kwingcwaba elingaziwayo eWesterkerk. Wayeyindoda elihlwempu ngexesha lokufa kwakhe.
