Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoSeptemba 27 ,Ngo-1722
Wafa eneminyaka: 81
Umqondiso welanga: ILibra
Uzalwe e:IBoston, eMassachusetts, eUnited States
Idume njenge:UBawo waseMelika
Abahlaziyi Amadoda aseMelika
umbono wezopolitiko:Iqela leDemokhrasi-yeRiphabhlikhi
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:U-Elizabeth Checkley
utata:USamuel Adams Sr.
umama:UMary Adams
abantwana:UHana, uSamuweli
Usweleke kwi: Okthobha 2 , Ngo-1803
indawo yokufa:IBoston
Isixeko: IBoston
U.S. Urhulumente: EMassachusetts
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:Ikholeji yaseHarvard (1740-1743), iKholeji yaseHarvard (1736-1740), iBoston Latin School
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UPatrick Henry UEthan Allen ILyman Hall UBenjamin LincolnNgubani uSamuel Adams?
USamuel Adams, ongomnye wooTata baseMelika, wazalwa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo eBoston, eMassachusetts, eyinxalenye yeBritane Colony. Unyana welungu elinempembelelo kwiBoston Caucus, waba nomdla kwezopolitiko ngeentsuku zakhe zokufunda eHarvard. Emva kokuthweswa isidanga, wazama ukuya kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kodwa nganye yasilela ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko. Ukufumana ukuqeshwa kwakhe okokuqala kwezopolitiko eneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesine, wangena kwi-Boston Caucus ekufeni kukayise kwiminyaka embalwa kamva. Ngokuthe ngcembe, njengokuba i-Bhritane yathabatha amanyathelo ngezenzo ezazichasene nomdla wobukoloniyali, waqala umbutho owathi kamva wavela kwi-American Revolution, evulela indlela inkululeko yelizwe. Emva kwexesha wenza igalelo elibonakalayo ekuyileni iRiphabhlikhi yaseMelika kwaye waba negalelo ekufakweni komthetho oyilwayo wamalungelo kumgaqo-siseko omtsha. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, amalungu aseMassachusetts kunye nezindlu zowiso-mthetho zomdibaniso zazinxiba amaqela okulila ngokumzukisa unyaka wonke.Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:
Ootata baseMelika abaShukumayo abaSebenzayo
Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/samuel-adams-30881 
Ityala lemifanekiso http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-168395/Samuel-Adams 
Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.thefederalistpapers.org/founders/samuel-adams/samuel-adams-writing-as-candidus-essay-in-the-boston-gazette-oct-14-1771 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile: J_S_Copley_-_Samuel_Adams.jpg (UJohn Singleton Copley / uMmandla woluntu) Ngaphambili Okulandelayo Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala USamuel Adams wazalwa ngoSeptemba 16, 1722 (umhla wesitayile esidala) eBoston, ngelo xesha wayeyinxalenye yeBritane Colony yaseMassachusetts. Ngokwenkqubo entsha yokuthandana, umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe uwela nge-27 kaSeptemba kwakuloo nyaka. Uyise, uSamuel Adams Sr., wayenguMdikoni kwiCawa yamaBandla. Ilungu elikhokelayo le-Boston Caucus, wayekwangumrhwebi ophumeleleyo kwaye ene-malt-house. Kwi-1739, wanyusa iBhanki yoMhlaba, eyazisa ngemali yamaphepha endaweni yegolide kunye nesilivere, ngaloo ndlela inceda ukusombulula ingxaki yemali eqhubekayo. Unina, uMary (nee Fifield) Adams, wayengumfazi othanda inkolo kwaye wayengumPuritan ozinikeleyo. Esi sibini sinabantwana abathathu abasindileyo. Baziswe bodwa, babethelelwa kwimvakalelo yokuba noxanduva. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uSamuweli wahlala enyanisekile kwilifa lakhe lamaPuritan. USamuel omncinci wayenemfundo yakhe yasekuqaleni kwiBoston Latin School. Ukugqiba kwakhe apho ngo-1736, wangena kwiKholeji yaseHarvard ukuze aqeqeshwe njengomfundisi; kodwa kungekudala umdla wakhe waqala ukutshintshela kwezopolitiko. Ngo-1740, waphumelela eHarvard, waphumelela kwingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nenkululeko emva koko wabhalisa kwiziko elinye lesidanga semasters. Kwakuloo nyaka, iBhanki yoMhlaba kayise yachithwa yiPalamente yase-Bhritane ngokunyanzelwa yiNkundla yezeNkundla, eyakhiwe ziingcungcu. Abaxhasi bebhanki, ababandakanya utata wakhe, baba noxanduva lwemali esasetyenziswayo. Ngenxa yoko, ilifa labo losapho laqala ukuncipha kwaye baphantse babhengezwa. Kwanasemva kokusweleka kukayise, amatyala enkundla aqhubeka, ekhumbuza uSamuel oselula ngamandla agwenxa e-Bhritane kwiikholoni zakhe. Ngo-1743, uAdams wanikwa isidanga senkosi yakhe kwithisisi yakhe ethi ‘Nokuba Kusemthethweni na ukumelana noMantyi oPhakamileyo, ukuba iCommonwealth ayinakugcinwa ngenye indlela’. Emva koko, wafunda ngokufutshane umthetho kwaye emva koko wanikezela ngokuqalisa umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ukungena kwezopolitiko Umsebenzi wokuqala kaSamuel Adams wawusendlwini yokubala. Kodwa waphulukana nayo kungaphelanga iinyanga ezimbalwa kuba umniniyo, uThomas Cushing II, wamfumanisa enomdla kwezopolitiko kunakwishishini. Utata wakhe emva koko waboleka i-1 000 yeerandi ukuqala ishishini lakhe. Wakhawuleza wanika umhlobo wakhe isiqingatha sayo waza wasicekisa esinye isiqingatha. Ngenxa yoko, ishishini lakhe lasilela kwaye amatyala akhe ahlawulwa ngutata, owathi wamqesha njengomphathi wekhaya lemalt. Yayiyinzuzo macala kwaye yanika bobabini utata kunye nonyana ixesha elingakumbi lezinto zabo zopolitiko. Emva koko, ngo-1746, i-Adams ezincinci zangena kwindibano yephondo ngenkxaso yeBoston Caucus. Yayilithuba lakhe lokuqala lezopolitiko. NgeyoMqungu ngo-1748, betyhwatyhwa yimincili yase-Bhritane, u-Adams, uGamaliel Rogers kunye no-Daniel Fowle basungula iphephandaba leveki ngeveki elibizwa ngokuba yi ‘The Independent Advertiser’. Kwakuyiphepha lezopolitiko kwaye u-Adams wabhala amanqaku amaninzi. Nangona yayinabafundi abambalwa kakhulu, ibaleka de yavalwa ngabaseBritane ngo-1775. Nangona wayephethe ishishini losapho ngokusemthethweni, akazange ayikhathalele, ethatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko. Ngo-1756 wanyulwa kwisikhundla sokuba ngumqokeleli werhafu yi-Caucus eyayilawulwa yiNtlanganiso yeDolophu yaseBoston. I-Adams yayingakulungelanga kakubi lo msebenzi. Amaxesha amaninzi waye wasilela ukuqokelela irhafu kwaye ngo-1765, amatyala ahlawulweyo erhafu afikelela kwi- $ 8,000, engenakuqokelelwa ngaphandle kwamatyala enkundla. Kwangelo xesha, yamenza wathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabahlali baseBoston abangahlawulanga. Ukuvela njengeNkokeli yeLisa Ngo-1764, iPalamente yase-Bhritane yawisa umthetho i-Sugar Law ukuze ijongane nengxaki yemali. I-Adams yabona njengokunyhashwa kwamalungelo ekoloniyali kwaye yabuza igunya lePalamente yase-Bhritane lokuqokelela irhafu eMelika. Uluvo lwakhe lwamkelwa yiNtlanganiso yeDolophu yaseBoston ngoMeyi 24, 1764. Yiyo ke loo nto yaba liqela lokuqala lezopolitiko ukuvakalisa ukuba iBritane ayinakubabhatala ngokusemthethweni abemi baseMelika, kuba bebengamelwanga kwiPalamente yaseBritane. I-Adams ngoku yaqala ukusebenza noJames Otis Jr., enye intshatsheli yamalungelo okoloniyali. Ngeli xesha, ngo-Matshi 22, 1765, umthetho weSitampu, owawunyanzelisa irhafu kwizinto ezishicilelweyo kwiikholoni zase-Bhritane, wapasiswa yiPalamente yase-Bhritane, yabangela isiphithiphithi esikhulu eMelika. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Iikholoni ziphendule ngokubiza 'Isitampu soMthetho weNkomfa'. I-Adams nayo yaqala ukulungiselela ukuxhathisa okukhulu koluntu, yokuhlanganisa abarhwebi abakhethekileyo kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Kungekudala wajongwa njengenkokeli yeqela eliphikisayo. NgoSeptemba 1765, u-Adams wanyulwa kwindibano kwaye kunyulo luka-Meyi 1766, iqela lakhe elidumileyo lathatha ulawulo lwalo. I-Adams ngoku yonyulwa njengonobhala wayo. Usebenzise isikhundla sakhe ukugweba into yokuba iindibano zengingqi zazingekho phantsi kwePalamente yase-Bhritane. Ukunyanzelwa kwabo kwanyanzela abasemagunyeni base-Bhritane ukuba bawutshitshise umthetho we-Stamp Act, kodwa ngo-1767, bapasisa umthetho we-Townsend Act, owawubeka imisebenzi emitsha kwimpahla ebalulekileyo kwiikoloniyali ezinje ngeti, iglasi, ipeyinti, iphepha njalo njalo. Ngo-1767 kunye no-Adams babiza uxhaso lwezoqoqosho. NgoFebruwari ngo-1768, uAdams no-Otis babhala isetyhula, eyathi kamva yaziwa njenge ‘Massachusetts Circular Letter’, bephikisana noMthetho wase Townsend. Kungekudala, ezinye iidolophu zaqala ukujoyina amakhwenkwe abo. Ukulawula le meko, iRhuluneli yaseBritane uFrancis Bernard, wayichitha iNdibano yaseMassachusetts wabiza umkhosi. Ukunika ithemba lwalo naluphi na uxolelwaniso, iAdams ngoku yaqala ukusebenza ngokufihlakeleyo ukuzimela. Ukususela ngo-Okthobha 13, 1768 ukuya ku-Agasti 1, 1769, ungcelele lwamanqaku ephephandaba, awayenesihloko esithi ‘Ijenali Yezinto Ezenzekileyo’, aqala ukuvela ‘kwiNew York Journal,’ ebalisa ngenkohlakalo yomkhosi waseBritane eBoston. Nangona ukubhalwa kwala manqaku bekungaziwa ukuba kukho bani, kukholelwa ukuba ubukhulu becala abhalwe nguAdams. Bakha uluvo ngokuchasene nokuhlala kweBritane, ngokunyanzela uBernard ukuba ashiye iBoston. Ngo-Matshi 5, 1770, ukubulawa kwabantu eBoston kwenzeka, i-Adams yaqinisa ukuphazamiseka kwakhe. Ngo-Epreli, umthetho we-Townshend watshitshiswa; Kusele irhafu yeti kuphela. U-Adams uzame ukubonakalisa kwabanye ukuba nokuba imali encinci kangaka yerhafu inokuthi isebenze njengesiqhelo kwiikoloni zerhafu, kodwa isilele Kancinci, abathengisi baqala ukuphakamisa ukutsiba kwempahla engeniswa ngaphakathi kwaye boyisa ngempumelelo iphulo lika-Adams. Nangona waphinda wanyulwa kwiNdibano yaseMassachusetts ngo-Epreli 1772, wafumana iivoti ezimbalwa. Umzabalazo wenkululeko Ngo-1772, uSamuel Adams wafunda ukuba iRhuluneli kunye namanye amagosa aphezulu, awayehlawulwe ngoku yiMassachusetts House of Representative, ukusukela ngoku aya kuhlawulwa ngurhulumente wase-Bhritane. Wayesoyika ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo onjalo wenzelwe ukwenza ukuba la magosa aphendule kurhulumente wase-Bhritane kuphela. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ezantsi ngo-Novemba, i-Adams, kunye nezinye iinkokheli, bakha iKomiti yembalelwano ukuqhankqalaza olu phuculo kunye nokugcina isithuba kwimisebenzi yase-Bhritane. Yalandelwa ngamanye amazwe. Emva kwexesha, ezi komiti zaba zizixhobo ezisebenzayo kwidabi laseMelika ngokuchasene ne-impiriyalizim yaseBritane. IKomiti yoNxibelelwano eBoston nayo yadlala enye indima ebalulekileyo, eyakhawulezisa iMfazwe ye-Independence. Ukubhikisha umthetho wee-1773 we-Tea Act owapasiswa nguRhulumente wase-Bhritane kwaye wanyanzela abo babethumele iti ukuba bayeke emsebenzini, bahlasela iinqanawa ezintathu zeti ezazibanjelwe eBoston bayithululela elwandle. Nangona u-Adams engazange athathe inxaxheba kuhambo lweenqanawa, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni lo msitho, owathi kamva waduma njenge-Boston Tea Party. Xa urhulumente wase-Bhritane waphendula ngezenzo zokunyanzela, wadlala indima ephambili ekuchaseni. Xa i-Continental Congress yokuqala yabanjwa ngo-Septemba 1774 e-Philadelphia, u-Adams wanyulwa njengomnye wabathunywa. Ukubuya kwakhe ngo-Novemba, waba lilungu loRhulumente wePhondo laseMassachusetts kwaye waqala ukuthatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo ekulungiseleleni i-Revolution ezayo. Ngomnyaka we-1775, u-Adams wayengummeli kwiNgqungquthela yesiBini yase-Continental. Kuba ibisebenza phantsi komthetho wokugcina imfihlo, akukho nto ingako iyaziwayo malunga nemisebenzi ka-Adams ngeli xesha. Kodwa esebenza emfihlekweni, wakwazi ukubonelela ngempembelelo enkulu ngexesha leMelika yoQhushululu, esebenza kwiikomiti ezahlukeneyo zomkhosi. Wayengomnye wabasayinayo ababalulekileyo kwisibhengezo senkululeko sase-United States, esatyikitywa ngoJulayi 4, 1776. Kunyaka olandelayo, wonyulwa ukuba abe kwiBhodi Yemfazwe kwaye nalapho wadlala indima enkulu. Iminyaka kamva Ngo-1779, uSamuel Adams wabuyela eMassachusetts kwaye wanceda ekuyileni uMgaqo-siseko waseMassachusetts. Kodwa uqhubeke nokuhlala esebenza kwezopolitiko kude kube ngo-1781, awathi ngalo unyaka warhoxa kwi-Continental Congress, ebuyela ngokusisigxina eBoston. Ngeli xesha, waba nefuthe elikhulu kwezopolitiko zalapha, ehlala esebenza njengemodareyitha yeNtlanganiso yeDolophu yaseBoston. Ngexesha elithile ngoku, wanyulwa ukuba abe lilungu lebhunga leenkundla, ehlala ekhonza njengomongameli. Xa imibutho yesizwe yayisekwa, wajoyina iDemocratic Republican Party. Kwangaxeshanye, wayekhathazekile malunga nemanyano yelizwe. Ukulungisa imeko eqinileyo yomgaqo-siseko kumgaqo-siseko omtsha, wagqwesa kwiNdlu yabameli yase-United States ngo-Disemba 1788. Nangona waphulukana nolonyulo, waqhubeka nokusebenzela izilungiso kuMgaqo-siseko, owathi ngo-1791 wakhokelela ekufakweni koMthetho oYilwayo. Amalungelo kumgaqo-siseko. Ngeli xesha ngo-1789, wenziwa i-lieutenant gavana waseMassachusetts, isithuba awasibambayo kwade kwango-1793. Ngokulandelayo ukususela ngo-1794 ukuya ku-1797, wenziwa irhuluneli yaseburhulumenteni. Ekupheleni kwekota, wenqabile ukuphinda akhethwe kwakhona kwaye uthathe umhlala-phantsi kubomi babucala. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Ngo-Okthobha u-1749, uSamuel Adams watshata no-Elizabeth nee Checkley, intombi yomfundisi wase-New South. Esi sibini sinabantwana abathandathu, kubo abane bafa besebusana. Umfazi wakhe usweleke kungekudala emva kokuba ezele umntwana oswelekileyo ngo-1757. Phakathi kwabantwana bakhe abasaphilayo ibingunyana wakhe omkhulu nonyana wakhe oseleyo, uSamuel Adams Jr. Ngo-17, 1788 ngelixa utata wakhe wayeye kwindibano yokuqinisekiswa komgaqo-siseko omtsha. Ngo-1764, uAdam watshata noElizabeth nee Wells. Esi sibini sasingenabantwana. Ukuya esiphelweni sobomi bakhe i-Adams yafumana ubunzima kukungcangcazela okwamenza akakwazi ukubhala. Usweleke ngo-Okthobha u-2, ngo-1803 eneminyaka engama-81 kwaye waxoxwa eGranary Burying Ground eBoston. Ukusweleka kwakhe, wadunyiswa njengo 'Bawo woHlaziyo lwaseMelika' liphephandaba laseRiphabhlikhi laseBoston, i 'Independent Chronicle yaseBoston.' Inqaku EHarvard, uSamuel wabekwa kwindawo yesihlanu kwiklasi yamashumi amabini anesibini; kodwa kungenxa yokuba ngelo xesha, inqanaba leklasi laligqitywa kukuma koluntu kusapho, hayi ngobuchule bezemfundo bomfundi.
