Usuku lokuzalwa: Ngomhla we-6 kaMeyi , Ngo-1856
Wafa eneminyaka: 83
Umqondiso welanga: ITaurus
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Umphakathi waseCzech
Uzalwe e:Zokusika, eCzechia
Idume njenge:Ingcali yonyango
Iingcaphuno zikaSigmund Freud Iingcali ze-Neurologists
Ukuphakama: 5'8 'Izimvo eziyi-173i-CM),5'8 'Akulunganga
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UMartha Bernays (m. 1886)
utata:UJacob Freud
umama:Amalia freud
abantwana: Ukugqithisa iziyobisi
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:KwiYunivesithi yaseVienna
amabhaso:Ngo-1930-Ibhaso likaGoethe ngegalelo lakhe kwizengqondo nakwinkcubeko yoncwadi lwaseJamani
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
U-Anna Freud UEdmund Husserl UAlfred Adler UWilhelm ReichNgubani uSigmund Freud?
Njengomnye wabona bantu babalulekileyo babecinga ngenkulungwane ephelileyo, uSigmund Freud wayeyi-neurologist yase-Austrian kunye nomsunguli we-psychoanalysis. Ubuyekeze ukufundwa kwamaphupha ngencwadi yakhe yemagnum ethi 'Ukutolikwa kwamaphupha.' Iingcamango zakhe malunga nengqondo kunye neemfihlakalo ezivalelwe ngaphakathi, zaguqula umhlaba wezengqondo kunye nendlela abantu abajonga ngayo inkqubo yamandla enzima eyaziwa ngokuba yingqondo. Wayicokisa imeko yokungazi, isini solutsha, kunye nokuthotyelwa, kananjalo wacebisa ithiyori yeendlela ezintathu ephathelene nobume bengqondo. Ngaphandle kwamacala amaninzi e-psychoanalysis njengoko ikhona namhlanje, inokuthi, phantse kuzo zonke izinto ezisisiseko, ilandelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi yokuqala kaFreud. Imisebenzi yakhe enxulumene nonyango lwezenzo zabantu kunye namaphupha athathelwe ingqalelo njengeyona iphambili kwihlabathi lenzululwazi kwaye yangqineka ineziqhamo ezigqwesileyo kwicandelo lezengqondo. U-Freethinker, umvukeli onamabhongo, kunye nomntu ongakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo, umbono kaFreud wawusisiphumo sokukhuliswa kwakhe ngamaJuda, ukuthanda amabali kaShakespeare, kunye nobomi bodwa. Nangona abagxeki abaninzi bewukhanyela umsebenzi kaFreud ngenxa yokuba enesini kakhulu kwaye engenangqondo, zininzi izinto ezintle awazithethayo ngokufumanisa kwakhe kwaye abanye bade bathelekisa imisebenzi yakhe naleyo ka-Aquinas noPlato.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/B97duttnEOS/ (edlulileyo ebomini)
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Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/B97wAyAHBMF/ (nadircetintas34)
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/B4Fcv_8hn5E/ (umbhali wesitalato)
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Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/B1b0unoJNZy/ (sally_ghandour)Wena,Ngaba,EntleQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiIifilosofi zamadoda Iingcali zeengqondo zamadoda Oogqirha bengqondo abangamadoda Umsebenzi Ngo-Okthobha u-1885, waya eParis kubudlelane ukuya kufunda noJean-Martin Charcot, ugqirha we-neurologist owaziwayo. Wayephefumlelwe yindlela yakhe yokusebenza kwengqondo kwezonyango, eyamenza waqonda ukuba i-neurology yayingeyiyo incasa yakhe kwaye wayenzelwe into enkulu nenomdla. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe wabucala ngo-1886. Ephefumlelwe ngumhlobo wakhe kunye nomlingani uJosef Breuer, wamkela ukusetyenziswa kwe-'hypnosis 'emsebenzini wakhe weklinikhi. Unyango lukaJosef kwisigulana esithile esigama linguAnna O. sangqineka siguqula umsebenzi weklinikhi kaFreud. Wacinga ukuba isigulana sinokunyangeka kwiingxaki zengqondo ngelixa sisebenza kwintetho engathintelwanga malunga namava akhe abuhlungu kwimeko yokulala, isenzo awasibiza ngokuba 'ngumbutho wasimahla.' Ukongeza kulo mkhuba, wafumanisa ukuba amaphupha esigulana anokuhlaziywa kwaye nengcinezelo yengqondo yomntu inokufundwa kwaye inyange. Ngo-1896, wayesele enze uphando olunzulu ngesihloko esitsha, awasibiza ngokuba 'yi-psychoanalysis.' Ubuye wagqiba kwelokuba iingcinezelo zobuntwana zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini okanye ukuhlaselwa yayizinto eziyimfuneko yokuqonda imeko ethile yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'euroses '. Uphando lwakhe ngokufanayo, wavelisa 'ithiyori yokulukuhla' eyathi yakhanyisa indlela iinkumbulo zobuntwana ezoyikisayo ezinxulumene nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo okanye ezinye izinto ezihlasimlis 'umzimba ezinokuba zizinto ezibangela imeko ekhankanywe ngasentla. Waye wachongwa njengonjingalwazi we-neuropathology 'kwiDyunivesithi yaseVienna' ngo-1902, isikhundla awasibambayo kwade kwaqhambuka 'iMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. Imisebenzi yakhe yavelisa inani elinomdla phakathi kweqela elincinci loogqirha baseViennese. Abanye babo kungekudala baqala ukutyelela indlu yakhe rhoqo ngoLwesithathu kwaye bazonwabisa kwiingxoxo ezinxulumene ne-neuropathy kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo; eli qela ekugqibeleni laziwa njenge-‘Lwesithathu i-Psychological Society, ’liphawula ukuqala kwentshukumo yakhe yengqondo yezengqondo.
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiOogqirha be-Neurology baseAustria Izithandi zobulumko zaseOstriya Iingcali zengqondo zaseAustria I-International Psychoanalytical Congress Ngo-1906, amandla 'oLuntu lwangoLwesithathu lwezeNgqondo' ayekhule ngeendlela ezininzi. Nge-27 ka-Epreli, ngo-1908, babenentlanganiso yabo yokuqala yezizwe ngezizwe ebizwa ngokuba yi-'International Psychoanalytical Congress 'e'Hotel Bristol' eSalzburg. Ngaphezulu kwamalungu angama-40 ayekhona kule nkomfa kwaye iindaba zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kukaFreud zaqala ukusasazeka, kangangokuba zatsala abaphulaphuli ababanzi, nkqu nangaphesheya kweAtlantic. Wanikwa isidanga sobugqirha yi-‘Clark University ’eMassachusetts, neyatsala umdla wabasasazi ngokubanzi. Ikwathathe ingqalelo kaJames Jackson Putnam, ugqirha wengqondo owaziwayo waseMelika. Emva kweengxoxo ezimbalwa noFreud, uPutnam wayeqinisekile ukuba umsebenzi wakhe ubonakalisa impumelelo kwihlabathi lezengqondo e-United States. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwakhe, wonyulwa njengo Mongameli we 'American Psychoanalytical Society' xa yayisekwayo ngo-1911. Kwakuloo nyaka ngo-1912. Kwakuloo nyaka, wapapasha iphepha elalisithi 'Imbali yoMbutho wePsychoanalytical Movement' nelalikhanyisa ngenguquko yentshukumo yengqondo. Ngo-1913, i-‘London Psychoanalytical Society ’yasekwa nguErnest Jones, omnye wabalandeli bakaFreud abazinikeleyo. Igama lombutho latshintshwa laba 'liBritish Psychoanalytical Society' ngo-1919, uJones njengomongameli wayo; Isikhundla awayesibambe kwade kwango-1944. UFreud waya kwindibano yakhe yokugqibela ye-International Psychoanalytical Congress ngo-1922 eBerlin. Ngelo xesha amaziko ali-12 asekwa ngabalandeli bakhe kwihlabathi liphela; IRashiya, iJamani, iFransi, iMelika, iCanada, iSwitzerland, iPoland, njl.Iingqondi kunye neeAustria zaseAustria Amadoda eTaurus Kamva uBomi kunye neengxaki zamaNazi Emva kokuphela ‘kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala,’ wachitha ixesha elincinci kuphando lwezonyango kwaye wagxila ekusetyenzisweni kweemodeli zakhe kwicandelo lembali, uncwadi, kunye ne-anthropology. Ngo-1923, kwapapashwa i-‘Ego and the Id ’. Iphakamise indlela entsha esisiseko yengqondo yomntu, yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu— 'id,' 'ego,' kunye 'superego.' kodwa wayehleli enethemba kulo lonke usongelo lwamaNazi. UErnest Jones, owayengumongameli ngoko we-‘International Psychoanalytical Movement, ’wacenga uFreud ukuba afune indawo yokhuseleko eBritani, noFreud wavuma. Ukuhamba kwakhe nangona kunjalo, yayiyinkqubo ende nebuhlungu, eyayixutywe ngamaNazi. Ipasi lakhe lahluthwa, kodwa ngenkxaso yabalandeli bakhe, wasinda kwizikhohlakali zamaNazi washiya iVienna esiya eLondon kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nentombi yakhe uAnna. 
Izicatshulwa: Uthando,Akunakuze Ithiyori kunye neembono Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, waba nefuthe kakhulu kwimisebenzi yomhlobo wakhe waseViennese uJosef Breuer ngoncedo awathi wafumanisa ukuba xa isigulana esibuhlungu sicelwa ukuba sithethe ngokungathintelwanga malunga nentlungu okanye iintlungu ezithile, iimpawu zentliziyo zaziza kuphela. Ucebise ukuba imithambo-luvo imvelaphi yayo ibingene nzulu kwisazela somntu kwaye umntu unokuzikhupha kwizimpawu ze-neurotic ngokukhumbula amava ngokucacileyo. Oku kwazala ithiyori ye 'psychoanalysis,' elandela unyango oluyimpumelelo luka-Anna O. Ubuye wacebisa ukuba iinkumbulo ezingazi nto, ezinje ngokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwesondo, kungakhokelela 'kwimithambo-luvo engafunekiyo.' Usebenzise inani ' ubuchule boxinzelelo 'kunye nezinye iinkqubo zeklinikhi zokufumana inkumbulo yamava ezigulana zakhe ukuze zibanyange. Ithiyori ‘yokungabikho zingqondweni’ yayibalulekile kutoliko lweengqondo zikaFreud. Wema ngelithi uluvo ‘lokungabikho zingqondweni’ lwalusekelwe kwingcamango ‘yengcinezelo.’ Wahambisa umjikelo ‘wokungazi nto,’ owawusekelwe kuphando lwabantu abanamava abuhlungu. Ikwacebise ukuba indlela yokuziphatha kwabaguli ayinakucaciswa ngaphandle kokujonga izimvo okanye iingcinga ababengazi nto ngazo. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Uphinde wachaza izimvo zakhe malunga 'nokungazi' kwiimpapasho ezimbini; 'Ukutolikwa kwamaphupha' kunye 'neziqhulo kunye nokunxulumana kwabo nokungazi,' epapashwe ngo-1899 nango-1905, ngokulandelelana. Iimbono zakhe kwabasetyhini zaxhokonxa impikiswano ebingalindelekanga ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi kwaye ziyaqhubeka nokuvusa ingxoxo nanamhlanje. Wayechasene nenkululeko yabasetyhini kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba ubomi babasetyhini babulawulwa ikakhulu yimisebenzi yabo yesondo okanye yokuzala. Ucacisile kwizimvo zakhe ngokuchaza ukukhula kwamantombazana ngokwesini, kwaye wacebisa ukuba amantombazana akwiminyaka eyi-3-5 aqalise ukwahlula iimvakalelo koomama kwaye achithe ixesha elininzi kunye nengqwalaselo kooyise; wakubiza oku ngokuba ‘libala lobudoda.’ Wayegxekwa nangengcebiso yakhe yokuba amabhinqa ayengaphantsi kunamadoda. Imisebenzi emikhulu ‘Ukutolikwa kwamaphupha,’ epapashwe ngo-Novemba 4, 1899, yayingomnye wemisebenzi ephambili kaFreud eyazisa umxholo wokuba 'ungazi nto' ngokubhekisele kuhlalutyo lwamaphupha. Nangona ushicilelo lokuqala lwencwadi lwaluphantsi kakhulu, yaqhubeka njengenye yeencwadi ezifundwayo kunye nezinye ezisixhenxe ezifanayo ezapapashwa kamva. Umbhalo wokuqala, obhalwe ngesiJamani, waguqulelwa esiNgesini waphinda wapapashwa ngo-1913. 'I-Psychopathology yoBomi bemihla ngemihla' yapapashwa ngo-1901. Ithathwa njengomnye wemisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo kuba yabeka esona siseko sakhe Ithiyori ebalulekileyo, 'psychoanalysis.' Incwadi yaqhubeka ukuba yenye yezona klasiki zakudala zekhulu lama-20 kwaye yapapashwa ngesiNgesi ngo-2003. Abahlalutyi bemihla ngemihla. Iphepha lakhe 'i-Ego kunye ne-Id' lichaze ithiyori ye-psychodynamics ye-id, i-ego, kunye ne-super-ego. Le ngxelo yeendlela ezintathu yengqondo yomntu yaqhubela phambili ukukhula kwe-psychoanalysis kwaye yapapashwa ngo-Epreli 24, 1923. Kuthathwa njengomnye weyona misebenzi yakhe inempembelelo, u-'Ego no-Id 'wabeka isiseko sayo yonke imisebenzi yakhe yexesha elizayo kunye nemibono. Amabhaso kunye neMpumelelo Wanikwa i-‘Goethe Prize ’ngo-1930 ngegalelo lakhe kwisayikholoji nakwinkcubeko yemibhalo yaseJamani. Wenziwa Ilungu eliHloniphekileyo langaphandle kwiBritish Royal Society of Medicine kwi-1935. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa Watshata noMartha Bernays ngo-1886 kwaye esi sibini sasinabantwana abathandathu. UAna, enye yeentombi zakhe, waqhubeka waba ngomnye wabaxhasi bakhe abakhulu kwaye wamnceda ekwenzeni uphando kwiminyaka yakhe yamva. Kwakhona waba yingcali yeengqondo evelele, elandela ezinyathelweni zikayise. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Ngo-1923, wafumanisa ukuba wayenomhlaza emhlathini, ekukholelwa ukuba ubangelwa luthando lweecuba. Kwafuneka anyamezele utyando olubuhlungu olungama-33 ngelizama ukususa umhlaza. Wayesebenzisa icocaine rhoqo kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba inciphisa iingxaki zengqondo nezomzimba. Wayesoloko ehlupheka ngenxa yokudakumba, migraine, kunye nokudumba kwempumlo awayekulwa esebenzisa icocaine. Usweleke eLondon nge-23 kaSeptemba 1939, emva kokunikwa idosi ye-morphine, ngaloo ndlela ephelisa iintlungu kunye nokubandezeleka kwakhe. Iyeza laqhutywa kuye ngenxa yesifo somhlaza, esabhengezwa singasebenzi emva kotyando lwama-33. Kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokubhubha kwakhe, umzimba wakhe watshiswa. Umngcwabo wakhe wawuzinyaswe ngabalandeli bakhe abaninzi kunye nabanye abahlalutyi-psychoanalyst. Imisebenzi yakhe yaphembelela kakhulu izifundo zenkulungwane yama-20 ezinxulumene nefilosofi, isayensi kunye noncwadi. Inkqubo yakhe edumileyo yengqondo yalawula kwicandelo lonyango lwengqondo kwangoko kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwaye iyaqhubeka ukwenza njalo nanamhlanje. Ukutolikwa kwakhe kwamaphupha, 'isayikholojikholo ye-ego,' kunye nokufundwa kweelwimi kubeke isiseko sophando lwangoku kunye nophando. Amalinge aliqela enziwa kwiingcinga zikaFreud kwaye izimvo zakhe zazitolikwa njengezibalulekileyo kunye 'phambili ngeminyaka engama-50 okanye nangaphezulu' ngoososayensi bale mihla. Ukwehla kokuthandwa kwakhe kwahlelwa luvukelo lobufazi lwe'50s. Imisebenzi yakhe yagwetywa ngababhali ababhinqileyo abanjengoBetty Friedan owathi uninzi lwemisebenzi kaFreud yayigxininisa ukonganyelwa kwamadoda nokuzithoba kwabantu ababhinqileyo. Namhlanje, inani lamabhaso, anje nge-'Sigmund Freud Award ye-Psychotherapy yesiXeko saseVienna 'kunye ne-'The Sigmund Freud Award' zinikezelwa kwimbeko yakhe kubantu abafanelekileyo ngegalelo labo kwingqondo, kuncwadi nakwinzululwazi. Inqaku Uyise wovavanyo lwengqondo, njengoko ebizwa njalo, wayesazi iilwimi ezisibhozo. Wafunda isiLatin, isiHebhere nesiGrike, wafunda isiJamani nesiNgesi, wazifundisa isiFrentshi nesiTaliyane. Le ngcinga ingumJuda kunye nengqondo edumileyo yayinenkolelo malunga nenombolo 23, 28, kunye no-51. Wayekholelwa ukuba u-23 no-28 baneempawu zobugqi kwaye uzakufa eneminyaka engama-51. Kukwathiwa wayexhalabele nenombolo 62 kamva. ebomini bakhe.
