Wazalwa:470 BC
Wafa eneminyaka: 71
Uzalwe e:IAthene
Idume njenge:Isithandi sobulumko
Iingcaphuno zikaSocrates Izithandi zobulumko
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:Xanthippe
utata:ISophroniscus
umama:Phaenarete
abantwana:IiLamprocles, iMenexenus, iSophroniscus
Usweleke kwi:Ngowama-399 BC
indawo yokufa:Classical Athene
Isixeko: IAthene, iGrisi
ukufumanisa / ukuveliswa:Indlela yoLuntu
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
IPythagoras UDiogenes weSinope Epicurus IParmenidesWayengubani uSocrates?
USocrates wayengomnye wezithandi zobulumko zamaGrike zexesha lamandulo. Wazalwa kwinkulungwane yesihlanu BC kwisixeko saseAthene. Utata wakhe wayengumakhi wamatye kwaye umama wakhe wayengumbelekisi. Akukho nto ingako eyaziwayo malunga neminyaka yakhe yokuqala ngaphandle kokuba wajoyina urhwebo lukayise kwaye kathathu wayethatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yasePeloponnesia njengejoni elingummi. Emva kwexesha waqala ukuphonononga ifilosofi kwaye kungekudala waqokelela iqela labafundi abathembekileyo, phakathi kwabo abaziwa kakhulu sisithandi sobulumko uPlato, umbhali-mbali uXenophon, umseki wesikolo samaCynic, iAntisthenes kunye nomseki wesikolo saseCyrenaic, uAristippus. Nangona wayengutitshala owaziwayo, uSocrates akazange ashiye nantoni na ebhaliweyo. Nantoni na esiyaziyo ngaye okanye iimfundiso zakhe zivela kwimibhalo kaPlato noXenophon. Wayengumntu owahlukileyo, owayengakhathalelanga ukwahlulwa ngokodidi okanye indlela yokuziphatha efanelekileyo. Wayeza kujikeleza esixekweni, enganxibanga zihlangu kwaye engahlanjwa, ebuza imibuzo, exoxa ngeempendulo kwaye ngaloo ndlela efikelela enyanisweni ngenkqubo eyodwa, ngoku esiyibiza ngokuba yi ‘Socratic Method’. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungahambelani namasiko asekuhlaleni, wadala neentshaba ezininzi, ezamtyhola ngokonakalisa ulutsha. Ugwetyelwe ukufa, wasweleka kamnandi ngokusela ihemmlock ebilisiweyo.Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:
Iimodeli zeNdima ezidumileyo Ongathanda ukudibana nazo Abona bantu banempembelelo kwimbali Abantu abadumileyo esinqwenela ukuba babesaphila Ezona ngqondo zibalaseleyo kwimbali
Ityala lemifanekiso http://ancientrome.ru/art/artworken/img.htm?id=3103 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://aminoapps.com/c/filosofia-de-los-cuervos/page/blog/el-juicio-de-socrates/64bJ_62Czu65kGXM3rGLMqBLpb0VXJ2j1W 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates#/media/File:Socrates_Louvre.jpg 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.prweek.com/article/1296336/students-socrates 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.thedailybuddha.com/2017/08/09/socrates/ 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Socrates_Louvre.jpg (Sting / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5))
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.instagram.com/p/CAEPZOLjJeU/ (Sbqinformativo12)WenaQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ifilosofi kunye noMfundisi Akwaziwa ukuba kwakutheni okanye nini xa uSocrates eqalisa ubukrelekrele bakhe; kodwa ngo-Xenophon, kungekudala waqala ukutyelela oomasifundisane abajikeleze indawo esembindini yoluntu ukudibana nabarhwebi apho. Apha, wadibana noSimon the Shoemaker, owathi kamva waba ngumfundi wakhe wabhala eyokuqala ‘Ingxoxo’. USocrates wayenendlela ekhethekileyo yokufundisa. Endaweni yokuthetha, wayeza kubuza imibuzo aze axoxe ngeempendulo ezinokubakho. Banokukhokelela kwimibuzo engaphezulu kwaye ekugqibeleni baqhubeke nokufumana iimpendulo kwaye ekugqibeleni baye ekuqondeni nzulu kwesihloko. Inkqubo kamva yaziwa ngokuba yi 'Socratic Method' Ngokuthe ngcembe, waqala wathandwa, ngakumbi kulutsha lwesi sixeko, eqokelela abafundi abakhethiweyo bebhendi, uninzi lwabo oludumileyo sisithandi sobulumko uPlato kunye nembali uXenophon. Ngokucothayo, waqala wayityeshela intengiso yakhe yoqobo, ezinikela ngokupheleleyo kwifilosofi. Kukho ukudideka malunga nendlela awayezixhasa ngayo kwesi sigaba sobomi bakhe. Ngelixa uXenophon no-Aristophanes babhala ukuba uyayamkela intlawulo evela kubafundi bakhe, uPlato wayelikhanyele ityala, esithi ubuhlwempu bakhe bubungqina. Umfazi wakhe wayesaziwa ekhalazela ukungabikho kwemali. Ngo-423 BC, waziwa kuluntu ngokubanzi ngomdlalo ka-Aristophanes, ‘Amafu’. Kule caricature, waboniswa njengesidenge esingenangqondo nesingcolileyo, ifilosofi yakhe yayikukufundisa indlela yokuphuma ematyaleni. Ngelixa icandelo lesibini lalingenabulungisa, eneneni wasika umntu ongaqhelekanga eAthene. Ngoboya obude, impumlo evuselelekileyo kunye namehlo aqhekekileyo, wajikeleza isixeko, enganxibanga zihlangu kwaye engahlambi, ebuza imibuzo kubantu abaphezulu nakubantu abaqhelekileyo, efuna ukufikelela enyanisweni. Abafundi bakhe abancinci bazonwabele iingxoxo, beyivuyela into yokuba uhlala esoyisa abo babonwa njengezilumko. Ngaphandle kokuduma nokuthandwa kwakhe, uSocrates akazange azicinge ukuba ulumkile. Ke ngoko, wamangaliswa xa umhlobo wakhe uChaerephon ebuza iOracle edumileyo eDelphi ukuba akukho mntu ulumke ngaphezu kukaSocrates kunye no-Oracle waphendula ngelithi akukho mntu ulumke ngaphezu kwakhe. Ukubonakalisa i-Oracle ukuba ayilunganga, ngoku waqala ukubuza imibuzo kwabo babonwa ukuba bazizilumko. Kungekudala, wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ulumkile kuba wayesazi ukuba akazi nto ngelixa abo bazicingela ukuba bazizilumko bengazi kwaye ke bazizidenge.
Izicatshulwa: Ubomi,UkuphilaQhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ezopolitiko USocrates wayehlala ehlala kude nezopolitiko. Kodwa ngo-406 BC, wenziwa ilungu le-boule, eyayikho eGrisi yamandulo yayilibhunga elinabemi abangama-500 ababephathiswe imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Esi yayisisihlandlo sodwa esaziwayo sokubamba iofisi yoluntu. Ngexesha lokuphatha kwakhe, iinjengele zomkhosi wase-Athene zasiwa kwinkundla yamatyala kusolwa ukungaphumeleli ukuhlangula oomatiloshe abasindayo ngexesha lesiphango. Kumjikelo wokuqala wetyala iinjengele zaphumelela ngovelwano. Phambi kokuba umjikelo wesibini uqale, kwagqitywa kwelokuba indibano kufuneka ivote kwityala labo okanye ubumsulwa babo ngaphandle kwengxoxo. Isigqibo, nangona singahambelani nomgaqo-siseko, sathathwa ngokunyanzelwa kwezopolitiko. Kwakubalulekile ukuba i-elite elawulayo igxeke umntu othile ngokoyiswa kwabo kwiMfazwe yePeloponnesi. Ngamabona-ndenzile, uSocrates wayeziincwadi, umphathi wengxoxo-mpikiswano, ngomhla ezathi zaxoxwa ngawo iinjengele. Nangona wazama ukubasindisa, evakalisa ukuba akukho kwanto aza kuyenza ngokuchasene nomthetho, iinzame zakhe zakhutshwa ngaphandle kwaye iinjengele zabulawa. Xa ngo-404 BC, i-Oligarchy yama-30 yaqalisa ukulawula baqala ukuziva besoyikiswa ngu-Athene jikelele, uLeon waseSalamis. Ukumshenxisa endleleni bayalela uSocrates nabanye abane ukuba beze noLeon eSalamis beze eAthene ukuze abulawe. USocrates, owayexhalabile ngokupheleleyo yayingekuko ukwenza nantoni na engenabulungisa okanye engekho semthethweni, wala ukuthobela lo myalelo wagoduka. Kwi-‘Pology ’kaPlato, kwathiwa ngewayengabulawa ngenxa yokungathobeli. Wasindiswa ngokulula kuba urhulumente wawa kungekudala emva koko. Uvavanyo kunye nokufa Emva kokuwa kwe-Oligarchy, idemokhrasi yasekwa e-Athene. Endaweni yokuyamkela, uSocrates waqala ukufumana iziphene ngale nkqubo, ebuza umbono oqhelekileyo wokuba 'unokulunga'. Kwakubanjelwe ukuba wayechasene nentando yesininzi kuba uCritias, oyena mntu uzwelayo kwi-Oligarchy, wayengumfundi wakhe wangaphambili. Ngaphambili, wenza iintshaba ezifihlakeleyo ngokwenza abantu abaninzi ababalulekileyo babonakale ngathi bazizidenge. Bephenjelelwe nguye, abafana abaninzi baye babaphoxa abazali babo ngokuyeka indlela ababefuna ukuba bahambe ngayo. Baye bagqiba kwelokuba baziphindezele. Ngo-399 BC, uMeletus imbongi, u-Anytus umsuki wezikhumba, kunye no-Lycon i-orator, batyhola uSocrates ngokukhanyela oothixo abaziwa ngurhulumente nokwazisa oothixo abatsha nokonakalisa abatsha. Batyhola ngelithi wonakalise nengqondo yabagxeki, efuna isigwebo sentambo ngenxa yoko. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Kwakukho izizathu ezininzi zokuzisa isityholo. Umzekelo, u-Anytus wayeqeqesha unyana wakhe ubomi kwezopolitiko; kodwa le nkwenkwe yaba nomdla kwiimfundiso zikaSocrates yaza yaziyeka izinto zobupolitika. USocrates wagqiba kwelokuba azithethelele, engavumi ukuncedwa ngumbhali odumileyo, uLisiya. Endaweni yokuzama ukungqina ubumsulwa bakhe kwaye acele inceba, waziphosa kwindima yeAthene '' impukane '- umntu ocaphukisayo okanye ogxeka abanye ukuze abagcine besazi kwaye bekhuthele. Oko kwathethwa nguSocrates ekuzikhuseleni kamva kwabhalwa nguPlato kwincwadi yakhe ethi ‘Apology of Socrates’. I-Xenophon's 'Apology of Socrates to the Jury' ikwajongana nesifundo esinye. Ngelixa ithoni yakhe enesidima yenza ukuba ijaji ingakhululeki, imo yabo yayiqaqadekile ngexesha lokuxoxa ngesohlwayo. Xa wayebizelwa ukucebisa esinye isohlwayo, uSocrates wacebisa ukuba kufuneka ahlonitshwe ngokuvusa iingqondo zakhe kwaye agcinwe ePrytaneum, indawo ebekelwe amaqhawe eOlimpiki. Ekupheleni kwetyala, uSocrates wagwetyelwa ukufa nge-280 ukuya ku-221. Ngelixa abo babemlungiselela kakuhle kunye nabafundi bemcenga ukuba abaleke, wahlala eAthene, elinde ukufa. 
Imisebenzi emikhulu Ngelixa uSocrates esaziwa kakhulu ngendlela yakhe yokufundisa, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yi 'Socratic Method', udume ngokulinganayo ngombono wakhe wokuba ifilosofi kufuneka ivelise iziphumo ezibonakalayo, izisa intlalo-ntle yabantu. Wazama ukuseka inkqubo yokuziphatha ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na imfundiso yezakwalizwi. Wayekholelwa ukuba ukhetho lomntu luqhutywa ngumnqweno wokuba wonwabe kwaye olona lonwabo luvela ekuzazini. Ke ngoko, wazama ukususa inkolelo yabo ebubuxoki ngeengxoxo; yiyo loo nto yabenza ukuba bazi ngokungazi kwabo, okwathi emva koko kwabanceda ukuba bafumane inyani engabo. Ubomi bobuqu kunye nelifa USocrates watshata noXanthippe, okhunjulwa ngokukodwa ngokukhalaza ngokungabikho kwemali. Babenonyana abathathu, uLamprocles ogama linguSocrates utatomkhulu womama, uSophroniscus ogama linguYise noMenexenus. USocrates wachitha inyanga yokugqibela yobomi bakhe evalelwe eAthene. Abantu ababemnqwenelela okuhle bacebisa ukunyoba oonogada ukuze abaleke. Kodwa uSocrates wenqabe ikakhulu kuba oko kwakuza kubonisa ukuba woyika ukufa, ekungafuneki ukuba kwenziwe sisithandi sobulumko sokwenene. Ngapha koko, njengommi onyanisekileyo wayeyihlonela imithetho yaseAthene. Ngomhla wokubulawa kwakhe, wanikwa ikomityi yesiselo esenziwe ngesiselo, awayalelwa ukuba asele. USocrates wayisela ngokuzolileyo ityhefu emva koko njengoko kuyalelwe ngoonogada, waqala wajikeleza igumbi de iinyawo zakhe zaba ndindisholo. Emva koko, walala phantsi, ezolile kwaye onwabile. Njengokuba wayelele phantsi engqongwe ngabahlobo bakhe, elinde ukuba ityhefu ifike entliziyweni yakhe, kukholelwa ukuba ukhumbuze umhlobo wakhe, uCrito waseAlopece, Sinetyala ku-Asclepius. Nceda ungalibali ukuhlawula ityala. La kukholelwa ukuba ngamazwi akhe okugqibela. Umqolomba awayegcinwe kuwo esentolongweni kwaye wasweleka ukhona unanamhla. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, umfanekiso wakhe obekiweyo ubekwe phambi kweAkhademi yaseAthene. Ngapha koko, iibhasi zakhe zibonisiwe kwiimyuziyam ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela, ezinje ngeVictoria Museum, iPalermo Archaeological Museum kunye neLouvre. Inqaku Ingxoxo yokuqala ‘yeSocrate Dialogue’ ayibhalwanga nguPlato okanye uXenophon, kodwa yabhalwa nguSimon, umenzi wezihlangu. Nangona kunjalo, ivolumu yayincinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba inganela phantsi kobude bamaphepha amabini kaStephanus. 'Ingxoxo yeSokrasi', ebhalwe nguPlato noXenophon, ityhila ngakumbi ngoSocrates. Zombini ezi ncwadi zirekhode iimfundiso zikaSocrates ngeengxoxo, ngaloo ndlela zibonisa oko ngoku sikwaziyo njengeSocrate Method.
