Wazalwa: Ngo-1608
Wafa eneminyaka: 42
Kwaziwa njenge:Sant Tukaram, Bhakta Tukaram, Tukaram Maharaj, Tukoba, Tukaram Bolhoba Ambile
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: Indiya
Uzalwe e:Dehu, kufutshane nePune, India
Idume njenge:Ngcwele, Mbongi
Iimbongi Abangcwele
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:Jijiābāi, Rakhumābāi
utata:UBolhoba Ngakumbi
umama:Kaninzi
abantwana:UMahaddev, uNārāyan, uVithobā
Usweleke kwi:1650
indawo yokufa:UDehu
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
IGulzar Kumar Vishwas UVikram Seth KabirWayengubani uTukaram?
I-Tukaram, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Sant Tukaram, yayiyimbongi yase-Indiya kunye nengcwele ngenkulungwane ye-17. Wayengomnye wabangcwele bombutho weBhakti eMaharashtra owaqamba umbongo wokuzinikela, u-Abhanga. Iingoma zakhe ze-kirtans aka zokomoya zazinikezelwe kuVithoba okanye uVitthala, i-avatar yothixo wamaHindu uVishnu. Wazalwa njengowesibini kubantakwabo abathathu kwilali yaseDehu eMaharashtra. Usapho lwakhe lwaluneshishini lokubolekisa ngemali kunye nokuthengisa kwakhona kwaye wayezibandakanya kurhwebo nakwezolimo. Njengomfana oselula, waphulukana nabazali bakhe bobabini. Iintlekele ebomini bakhe zaqhubeka njengoko umfazi wakhe wokuqala kunye nonyana wakhe naye waswelekayo. Nangona uTukaram watshata okwesibini, akazange afumane ntuthuzelo kulonwabo lwehlabathi ixesha elide kwaye ekugqibeleni walahla yonke into. Uchithe iminyaka yakhe kamva kunqulo lokuzinikela, eqamba ii-kirtans kunye nemibongo. Wafunda nemisebenzi yabanye abangcwele, kubandakanya uNamdev, u-Ekanath, uJnanadev, njl.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tukaram_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg (UAnant Shivaji Desai, uRavi Varma Press [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tukaram_1832.jpg (http://www.tukaram.com/english/artgallery.htm [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tukaram-konkani_viahwakosh.png (Ababhali abaninzi [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)])Ababhali baseIndiya Ubomi emva kokufa koSapho Emva kokubhubha kwabazali bakhe, imeko yezemali kaTukaram yaba mbi kakhulu kangangokuba umhlaba wakhe awuzange uvelise mali. Amatyala akhe akwala ukuhlawula. Wadana ngobomi, washiya ilali yakhe, wanyamalala kwihlathi laseBhamnath elikufutshane. Apho, wahlala kangangeentsuku ezili-15 ngaphandle kwamanzi nokutya. Kwakungelo xesha ngeli xesha wayiqonda intsingiselo yokuziqonda ngokwakho. Nangona uTukaram ebuyile endlwini yakhe emva kokuba umfazi wakhe wesibini emfumene kwaye emcinezela ukuba eze naye, ngoku wayengenalo uthando ngendlu yakhe, ishishini, okanye inzala. Emva kwesiganeko, waphinda wakha itempile eyayingamabhodlo kwaye waqala ukuchitha iintsuku nobusuku esenza ii-bhajans kunye neekirt. Wafunda imisebenzi yokuthandaza yeengcwele ezithandwayo njengoJnanadev, Ekanath, Namdev, njl. Kwaye ekugqibeleni waqalisa ukubhala imibongo. Guru Upadesh aka Isikhokelo sokomoya nguGugu Ngenxa yokuzinikela kwakhe ngentliziyo epheleleyo, uTukaram wavuzwa ngeGuru Upadesh. Ngokutsho kwakhe, wayenombono apho uGugu wamtyelela waza wamsikelela. Umphathi wakhe wathatha amagama amabini angaphambi kwakhe, uKeshava noRaghava Chaitanya, wamcebisa ukuba akhumbule uRamakrishna Hari rhoqo. UTukaram wayekhe waphupha nalapho ingcwele edumileyo uNamdev yavela khona kwaye yamcebisa ukuba aqambe iingoma zokuthandaza. Wamxelela ukuba agqibe intsalela yeecrores ezintlanu kunye nemibongo engamashumi amathandathu eerandi ngaphandle kwekhulu leecrores awayezimisele ukuzenza. Uncwadi olusebenzayo USant Tukaram waqamba uhlobo loncwadi lwesiMarathi olubizwa ngokuba sisihobe sika-Abhanga esidibanisa amabali abantu kunye nemixholo yokomoya. Phakathi kowe-1632 nowe-1650, waqamba ‘iTukaram Gatha,’ ingqokelela yolwimi lwesiMarathi yemisebenzi yakhe. Ikwayaziwa njenge ‘Abhanga Gatha,’ kuthiwa ibandakanya malunga nama-4 500 abhangas. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi kwi-gatha yakhe, wayethelekise u-Pravritti aka ukuthanda ubomi, ishishini, kunye nosapho kunye no-Nivritti aka umnqweno wokushiya iimbeko zehlabathi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuzuza inkululeko yomntu okanye imoksha. Udumo olubanzi Iziganeko ezininzi ezimangalisayo zenzeka ngexesha lobomi bukaTukaram. Ngenye imini, wayesenza ibhajans kwilali yaseLohagaon xa uBrahmin ogama linguJoshi weza kuye. Umntwana wakhe ekuphela kwakhe wasweleka ekhaya. Umntwana wabuyiselwa ebomini ngcwele emva kokuba ethandaze kwiNkosi uPandarinath. Udumo lwakhe lwasasazeka kwilali yonke nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Kodwa ke, akazange ahlale echaphazelekayo. UTukaram ukhuthaze uSaguna Bhakti, uqheliselo lokuzinikela apho kuculwa iindumiso zikaThixo. Ukhuthaze ii-bhajans kunye nee-kirtans apho acele khona abantu ukuba bacule iindumiso zikaSomandla. Njengoko wayelele ukufa, wacebisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba bahlale becamngca ngeNkosi u-Narayana kunye no-Ramakrishna Hari. Uye wabaxelela nokubaluleka kweHarikatha. Wayethatha uHarikatha njengomanyano lukaThixo, umfundi kunye negama lakhe. Ngokutsho kwakhe, zonke izono zitshisiwe kwaye nemiphefumlo iyahlanjululwa ngokumamela nje. Uhlaziyo lweNtlalo kunye naBalandeli UTukaram wamkela abazinikeli kunye nabafundi ngaphandle kocalucalulo ngokwesini. Omnye wabazinikeli bakhe ababhinqileyo yayinguBahina Bai, ixhoba lobundlobongela basekhaya elalishiya ikhaya lomyeni walo. Wayekholelwa ukuba xa kufikwa kumba wokukhonza uThixo, udidi alubalulekanga. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ikratshi le-caste alizange limenze umntu abe ngcwele. UShivaji, inkosi enkulu yomlo waseMaharashtrian, wayeyithanda kakhulu ingcwele. Wayedla ngokumthumelela izipho zexabiso ade ambizele enkundleni yakhe. Emva kokuba uTukaram ewalile, inkosi ngokwayo yatyelela ingcwele kwaye yahlala naye. Ngokwezicatshulwa zembali, uShivaji wayefuna ukubunikela ubukumkani bakhe ngaxa lithile. Nangona kunjalo, uTukaram wamkhumbuza ngomsebenzi wakhe kwaye wamcebisa ukuba akhumbule uThixo ngelixa elonwabela ulonwabo lwehlabathi. Ukufa Nge-9 ka-Matshi 1649, kumnyhadala waseHoli, iqela le-'Ramdasi 'Brahmins langena elalini liphethe amagubu abetha kunye ne-Sant Tukaram. Bamthatha bamsa kwiindonga zoMlambo i-Indrayani, babophelela umzimba wakhe elityeni baza bawuphosa emlanjeni. Umzimba wakhe ofileyo awuzange ufunyanwe. Ilifa UTukaram, owayezinikele kuVithoba okanye uVitthala, i-avatar ka-Lord Vishnu, waqamba imisebenzi yoncwadi eyanceda ukwandisa isiko likaVarkari kwi-pan-Indian Bhakti uncwadi. Imbongi edumileyo u-Dilip Chitre ushwankathela ilifa le-saint phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-14th kunye neye-17th century njengokuguqula 'ulwimi lwenkolo ekwabelwana ngayo, kunye nenkolo ulwimi ekwabelwana ngalo. Wayekholelwa ukuba bangcwele njengaye bazisa iiMaratha phantsi kophahla olunye kwaye zabenza bakwazi ukumelana neMughal. Kwinkulungwane yokuqala yama-20, uMahatma Gandhi wafunda kwaye waguqulela umbongo wakhe ngelixa wayeseJerra Central Jail.
