Usuku lokuzalwa: Nge-31 ka-Agasti , Ngo-1880
Wafa eneminyaka: 82
Umqondiso welanga: Intombazana
Kwaziwa njenge:UWilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria, uWilhelmina
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: elamaDatshi
Uzalwe e:Ibhotwe laseNoordeinde, iHague, iNetherlands
Idume njenge:Ukumkanikazi waseNetherlands
IiKumkanikazi kunye neeQueens Abafazi baseDatshi
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UDuke Henry waseMecklenburg-Schwerin
utata: UJuliana we ... UWilliam III we ... Eleanor Apha ... U-Queen Rania we ...
Wayengubani uWilhelmina waseNetherlands?
UKumkanikazi uWilhelmina wase-Netherlands wayengoyena kumlawuli mdala wase-Dutch olawula iminyaka engama-58 ukusukela ngo-1890 ukuya kowe-1948. Wazuza njengelifa itrone eneminyaka elishumi emva kokusweleka kukayise, uKing William III, njengoyena mntwana usaphilayo. Wayenobuntu obomeleleyo kwaye wayephethe izandla malunga nomthetho wakhe. Wayekhathalela kakhulu impilo-ntle yezifundo zakhe, ngakumbi amajoni akhe, kwaye wayehlala esenza utyelelo olothusayo lokujonga imeko yabo. Wayenengqondo entle kwezorhwebo, kwaye ngokutyala ngononophelo kubutyebi bakhe obabuzuze njengelifa, waba ngowona mfazi usisityebi emhlabeni kunye nebillionaire yokuqala yabasetyhini (kwiidola zaseMelika). Waziwa ngokugcina ubundilele base-Dutch ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, kwaye walilawula ilizwe ekuthinjweni e-United Kingdom ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Nangona amandla e-colonial aseNetherland ancipha ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe, wayehlala ethandwa ngabantu. Ngaphambi kokusweleka kwakhe, wabhala incwadi ebalisa ngobomi bakhe, 'u-Eenzaam, maar niet alleen' ('Yedwa kodwa Akayedwa'), eyatyhila inkolo yakhe.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacob_Merkelbach,_Afb_010164033306.jpg (Atelier Jacob Merkelbach [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_of_Holland_2.jpg (Umthombo wemifanekiso: -Ukuqokelelwa kweBain-. Http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pp/ggbainhtml/ggbainabt.html [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Schwartze_013.jpg (Therese Schwartze [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Wilhelmina_as_a_young_woman.jpg (Jonga iphepha lombhali [Indawo yasesidlangalaleni]) Ngaphambili Okulandelayo Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala UKumkanikazi uWilhelmina uHelena Pauline Maria waseNetherlands wazalwa nge-31 ka-Agasti ka-1880, e-Noordeinde Palace e-The Hague, e-Netherlands, ku-King William III kunye nenkosikazi yakhe yesibini, u-Emma wase Waldeck kunye ne-Pyrmont. Uyise wayeneminyaka engama-63 xa wayezalwa, kwaye wayenonyana omnye kuphela koonyana bakhe abathathu kumfazi wakhe wokuqala uSophie waseWürttemberg esaphila. Ukuzalwa kwakhe, wayephethe isihloko 'seNkosazana uPauline waseOrange-Nassau' kwaye wayengowesithathu kumgca wokulandelana emva komntakwabo-Alexander umntakwabo, kunye nomalume wakhe omkhulu uPrince Frederick. UFrederick wasweleka ngo-1881, walandelwa ngu-Alexander ngo-1884, emenza ukuba angene ezihlangwini zobukhosi 'njengo-Princess Wilhelmina wase-Netherlands', nowabhengezwa ngokusesikweni nguyise oneminyaka engama-70 ngo-1887. Ukusungulwa kunye noMtshato U-Princess Wilhelmina wase-Netherlands oneminyaka eli-10 ubudala waba nguKumkanikazi wase-Netherlands emva kokusweleka kukatata wakhe nge-23 kaNovemba ngo-1890, kwaye de waneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, umama wakhe wasebenza njenge-regent. Umsitho wakhe wokufungiswa nokusungulwa wawubanjelwe eNieuwe Kerk eAmsterdam ngoSeptemba 6, 1898. Waya eSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt eThuringia yanamhlanje, eJamani, ukuya kudibana nabantu abaza kuba ngumtshato wePrince Friedrich Wilhelm wasePrussia kunye noonyana ababini bakaFriedrich. UFranz II, uMkhulu oMkhulu waseMecklenburg-Schwerin. Isibhengezo sokubandakanyeka kwakhe kuDuke Henry waseMecklenburg-Schwerin senziwa ngo-Okthobha 16, 1900, kwaye batshata ngoFebruwari 7, 1901, eGrote yaseSint-Jacobskerk eHague eNetherlands. Ngelixa umyeni wakhe waba yiNkosana yaseDatshi, wabhengeza ngommiselo wokuba iNdlu yeOrange-Nassau izakuhlala iyindlu yobukhosi yaseDatshi, kwaye ayizukutshintsha iye kwiNdlu yaseMecklenburg-Schwerin. Wayedinga indlalifa ngokukhawuleza njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba iNkosana yaseJamani uHeinrich XXXII Reuss waseKöstritz angazuza ifa lesihlalo sobukhosi ukuba indlalifa yakhe ikhukhumele, umzala wesibini uWilliam Ernest, Grand Duke wase Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, wayilahla. Kwiminyaka esibhozo elandelayo, uKumkanikazi uWilhelmina waphunyelwa sisisu izihlandlo ezibini kwaye wazala unyana ozelwe ngaphambi kwexesha ngoMeyi 4, 1902. Imeko yakhe yayisesichengeni sobomi ngaxa lithile, kodwa wazala uPrincess Juliana ngo-Epreli 30, 1909, nkqu Nangona wayenokuphazamiseka kwesisu kabini ngo-1912. Ulawulo lwakwangoko kunye neMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe kwasekuqaleni, uKumkanikazi uWilhelmina wase-Netherlands wakhula waba nenzondo ngakwi-United Kingdom emva kokuthimba iiriphabliki zaseTransvaal nase-Orange Free State emva kweMfazwe yesibini yamaBhulu ngo-1902. Abantu abaninzi eNetherlands, kuquka noKumkanikazi, baziva besondele amaBhulu, inzala yamakholoniyali angamaDatshi, kwaye wade wayalela umkhosi wenqanawa waseDatshi uHNLMS Gelderland ukuba ashiye uMongameli waseTransvaal uPaul Kruger. Ngelixa uKumkanikazi uWilhelmina wayexhasa imigaqo-nkqubo yezangaphandle neyokukhusela yase-Netherlands, nangona kunjalo wayefuna ukuseka imigaqo-nkqubo kwindawo yamandla. Ngaphandle kokuba wayengenguye umphathi wamajoni, wayenomdla omkhulu kwimpilo yamajoni akhe kwaye waxhasa umkhosi omncinci kodwa onamandla kwaye uxhobile. INetherlands yahlala ingathathi cala xa kwaqhambuka iMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala, kodwa yagcina iso elibukhali kwimicimbi yezomkhosi ngomphathi-ntloko wayo kunye ne-Nkulumbuso. Nangona kunjalo, iNkosana yakhe, iNkosana yaseJamani uHenry waba luxanduva njengoko wayevakalise umnqweno wakhe wokuwela umda waseBelgium ngo-Agasti ka-1914 esiya kutyelela izalamane zakhe ezazisilwa nomkhosi waseJamani. U-Queen Wilhelmina, owayethanda ngamandla, wayedla ngokungqubana namagosa akhe aseburhulumenteni, awayewathatha njengabuthathaka kwaye engenamkhondo, kwaye wakhula edelela ngakumbi njengoko umgaqo-nkqubo wase-Bhritane wokuvalwa waqalisa ukuthimba zonke iinqanawa zase-Dutch, ezichaphazela uqoqosho lwesizwe. Uphendule ngokurhweba neJamani, esele ityale kakhulu kuqoqosho lwaseDatshi kwaye inentsebenziswano enkulu kurhwebo. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Ngo-1917, wasinda engenzakalanga xa uloliwe wayemthathe xa ebuya kutyelelo lweentsuku ezimbini e-Zaltbommel etyibilika, wafumana udumo ngokunyamekela abo benzakeleyo. Kwakuloo nyaka, waphelisa imvukelo yinkokheli yobusoshiyali uPieter Jelles Troelstra, owayezama ukuthatha ulawulo lwePalamente ukuphelisa urhulumente kunye nobukhosi. Ukuphela kwemfazwe, uKumkanikazi uWilhelmina wavumela indawo yezopolitiko kuMlawuli waseJamani uWilhelm II, ngokuyinxenye kuba wayenonxibelelwano nosapho kunye noKaiser. Wayenenkxalabo malunga nomfanekiso welizwe lakhe njengelizwe lokusabela, kwaye xa ama-Allies emcela ukuba anikezele ngeKaiser, wafundisa oonozakuzaku bamanye amazwe ngamalungelo okhuseleko. Ulawulo lwamva kunye neMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi Ngexesha elilandelayo lolawulo lukaKumkanikazi uWilhelmina, iNetherlands yabona ukwakhiwa kweZuiderzee Works, iprojekthi enkulu yobunjineli bombane obuyisele umhlaba omninzi ngaphantsi kolwandle. Ilizwe lajongana nengxaki yezoqoqosho ngeminyaka yoo-1930, xa wayesencotsheni yamandla akhe phantsi korhulumente olandelelanayo wenkulumbuso u-Hendrik Colijn. Ngo-1934, uKumkanikazi uWilhelmina waphulukana nonina, uKumkanikazi uEmma, kunye nomyeni wakhe, iNkosana uHenry. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye yokugqibela yeshumi ichithwe kulungiselelwa umtshato kaPrincess Juliana kwisikhulu saseJamani, iNkosana uBernhard waseLippe-Biesterfeld, ngo-1937, phakathi kwamarhe okubandakanyeka kwakhe kwangaphambili namaNazi. Urhulumente wakhe wawagcina amaYuda aseJamani ngo-1939, kwaye ngoMeyi 10, 1940, iJamani yamaNazi yahlasela iNetherlands, yamnyanzela ukuba abalekele eUnited Kingdom ekhwele i-HMS Apha, ithunyelwe nguKing George VI. Wayelawula ilizwe lakhe ekuthinjweni, kwaye wavunyelwa ixesha likanomathotholo kwi-BBC ukuba isasaze imiyalezo kubantu baseDatshi. Ngexesha lokuthinjwa kwakhe, uKumkanikazi uWilhelmina watyelela i-United States njengendwendwe kurhulumente wase-US, waya eCanada, kwaye wakhulelwa i-odolo entsha yenkululeko yasemva kwenkululeko. Ekugqibeleni wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe ngo-1945, kodwa waphoxeka kukufumanisa ukuba amaqela ezopolitiko angaphambili aphinda athatha amandla kwakhona. Kamva uBomi kunye nokufa Emva kwemfazwe, uKumkanikazi uWilhelmina waseNetherlands wayehlala kwindlu enkulu eseHague, kwaye ngoSeptemba 4, 1948, wasithimba isihlalo sobukhosi ngenxa yentombi yakhe uJuliana. Usweleke ngo-Novemba 28, 1962 kwiHet Loo Palace eneminyaka engama-82, emva koko wangcwatyelwa eNieuwe Kerk eDelft, kwi-Royal Royal Family crypt. Inqaku Ukulandela iMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, uKumkanikazi uWilhelmina waseNetherlands wayenqwenela ukuhlonipha iParachute Brigade yasePoland ngezenzo zabo ngexesha le-Operation Market Garden, neyaliwa ngabaphathiswa bayo. Ngomhla we-31 kaMeyi ka-2006, i-Brigade yawongwa nge-Order yoMkhosi ka-William.
