Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoJanuwari 22 ,1561

Wafa eneminyaka: 65

Umqondiso welanga: U-Aquarius

Uzalwe e:Ulwandle, eLondon, eNgilani

Idume njenge:Isithandi sobulumko

Iingcaphuno zikaFrancis Bacon Ulwabelana ngesini

Iqabane / Ex-:UAlice Barnham (m. 1606-1625)

utata:Umnumzana uNicholas Bacon

umama:U-Anne (Cooke) Bacon

abantakwenu:U-Anthony Bacon

Usweleke kwi: Epreli 9 , 1626

indawo yokufa:Highgate, eLondon, eNgilani

Isixeko: IDublin, eIreland

Imfundo:Ikholeji yaseTrinity, iCambridge, iYunivesithi yasePoitiers, iYunivesithi yaseCambridge

Kuyacetyiswa Wena

Ngubani uFrancis Bacon?

Uluhlu olucetyiswayo:

Obomi bakwangoko UFrancis Bacon wazalwa ngoJanuwari 22, 1561 kwiYork House kufutshane neStrand eLondon. Wazalelwa uSir Nicholas Bacon kunye nomfazi wakhe wesibini u-Anne (Cooke) Bacon. Unina wayeyintombi yomntu omkhulu u-Anthony Cooke. Kukholelwa ukuba i-Bacon encinci yafumana imfundo ekhaya kuphela, kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi bakhe ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene. Wafumana uqeqesho oluvela kuJohn Walsall owayephumelele e-Oxford ngokugoba ngamandla ukuya kwiPuritanism. Nge-5 ka-Epreli, ngo-1573, uBacon wamkelwa kwiKholeji yaseTrinity, eCambridge eneminyaka eyi-12. Wahlala apho iminyaka emithathu nomninawa wakhe, uAnthony phantsi kolawulo lukaGqirha John Whitgift, uBhishophu omkhulu waseCanterbury. IBacon encinci yafundiswa ikakhulu ngesiLatin kwalandela ikharityhulam yamaxesha aphakathi. Waqhubeka nokufumana imfundo kwiYunivesithi yasePoitiers. E-Cambridge, wadibana noKumkanikazi uElizabeth, owayephenjelelwe bubukrelekrele bakhe obubizwa ngokuba 'yiNkosi encinci uMgcini'. Izifundo zikaBacon zamgcina kwinkolelo yokuba iindlela kunye neziphumo zenzululwazi njengoko zazisenziwa ngelo xesha zazingalunganga kwaphela. Uluvo lwakhe oluphezulu ngo-Aristotle lwalungqubana nokungathandi kwakhe ifilosofi ka-Aristoteli. Ithathe ifilosofi ka-Aristoteli njengengenanzuzo, iphikisana kwaye ayichanekanga kwinjongo yayo. Yena nomntakwabo, uAnthony wangena kwisocistate magistrorum eGrey's Inn ngomhla wama-27^thNgoJuni, 1576. Emva kweenyanga ezithile, uBacon waya phesheya kunye noMhlekazi Amias Paulet, inxusa laseNgilane eParis. Ubhuti wakhe uqhubeke nokufunda ekhaya qha. E-France, urhulumente kunye noluntu phantsi kuka-Henry III wanika i-Bacon imiyalelo exabisekileyo yezopolitiko. Ukulandela iminyaka emithathu, uBacon watyelela iBlois, iPoitiers, iTyelelo, i-Itali neSpain. Wafunda iilwimi, i-statecraft, kunye nomthetho woluntu ngelixa esenza imisebenzi yozakuzo yesiqhelo. Uhambisa iileta zoonozakuzaku eNgilane eWalsingham, eBurghley, naseLeicester nakwikumkanikazi. Ngo-1579, utata kaBacon wasweleka ngokukhawuleza emenza ukuba abuyele eNgilani. Umnumzana uNicholas walungiselela isixa semali esihle sokuthenga ilifa kunyana wakhe omncinci kodwa wasweleka kwangoko. UFrancis wafumana isihlanu kuphela kweso sixa semali emva koko. Njengoko uBacon wayethathe imali mboleko, waphulukana. Yena, ngo-1579, wahlalisa indawo yakhe yokuhlala kwezomthetho eGrey’s Inn. IPalamente Iinjongo ezintathu eziphambili zeBacon yayikukutyhila inyaniso, ukusebenzela ilizwe lakhe, kunye nokusebenzela ibandla lakhe. Ibhekoni yajonga ngakumbi kwezi ngokuzama ukufumana isikhundla esaziwayo. Uye wafaka nesithuba senkundla esebenzisa umalume wakhe; U-Lord Burghley ngo-1580 awayekholelwa ukuba angamvumela ukuba aqhubeke nobomi bokufunda kodwa isicelo sakhe samkelwa. Ukulandela iminyaka emibini, wasebenza eGrey's Inn, kodwa wamkelwa njengegqwetha langaphandle ngo-1582. Wahlala kwipalamente yaseMelcombe eDorset ngo-1584 nasemva koko waya eTaunton ngo-1586. Eli yayilixesha uBacon aqala ukubhala ngalo imeko yemibutho yecawa nakwisihloko sohlaziyo lwefilosofi kwincwadi elahlekileyo, Elona xesha likhulu ngeli xesha . Kwanasemva kokusebenza ixesha elide, uBacon akazange aphumelele ekufumaneni isikhundla awayesinqwenela esiya kumkhokelela kwimpumelelo enkulu. Ubonakalise iimpawu zovelwano kwiPuritanism ngokuya kwiintshumayelo zomfundisi wePuritan waseGrey's Inn. Wayehamba nomama wakhe ukuya e-chapelini eyokuva uWalter Travers. Ngenxa yoko, indlela yakhe yokuqala yokuphila yapapashwa eyayigxeka icawe yamaNgesi yokucinezela abefundisi bePuritan. Ngomnyaka we-1586, uBacon wakukhanyela ngokuphandle ukubulawa kukaKumkanikazi waseScots, uMary. Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yakhe eyandayo ebharini, uBacon waqhagamshelana nomalume wakhe ukuba amncede. Kwakuloo nyaka, waba nguBencher kwaye wonyulwa njengomfundi ngo-1587. Wenza intetho yakhe yokuqala ngeLente kunyaka olandelayo. UBacon wakwamkela ukutyunjwa okubalulekileyo kokubuyiselwa kubuChwephesha beNkwenkwezi yeNkwenkwezi ngo-1589, nangona wangena e-ofisini ngokusesikweni ngo-1608. Kamva uBomi UFrancis Bacon waqhelana noRobert Devereux owayengu-2nd Earl wase-Essex kwaye wayethandwa ngu-Queen Elizabeth kwaye ngo-1591, waba ngumcebisi oyimfihlo we-Earl. Kunyaka olandelayo, uBacon wagunyaziswa ukuba abhale iphecana ukuphendula umlo wama-Jesuit uRobert Parson wokuchasa urhulumente, awathi wawunika isihloko esithi Ukuqwalaselwa okuthile kwenziwa kwiLibel, eyamkela iNgilane ngeenjongo zedemokhrasi eAthene ngokuchasene nobundlobongela baseSpain. . NgoFebruwari ka-1593, uKumkanikazi uElizabeth wabiza ipalamente ukuba iphande ngecebo lakhe lamaRoma Katolika. Inkcaso yakhe kwityala eliza kubeka isibonelelo esiphindwe kathathu kwisiqingatha sexesha eliqhelekileyo lagxothwa ngabantu abaninzi. Watyholwa njengofunwa ngabantu abachasayo kwaye wagxothwa yinkundla yasebukhosini kangangexesha elithile. Unyaka we-1594 nowe-1595 awuzanga neendaba ezimnandi zikaBacon njengoko wayehlangane nokusilela. Okokuqala, ngo-1594, wasilela ukukhupha isihlalo seGqwetha-Jikelele elalisele lingenamntu. Ngokulandelayo ngo-1595, wasilela ukugcina i-ofisi encinci ye-Solicitor-General. Nokuba u-Lord Essex naye akakwazanga ukusebenzisa amandla akhe kunye nempembelelo kuwo omabini la mathuba. Ngomnyaka we-1596, uBacon wonyulwa njengoMcebisi kaKumkanikazi. Ngeli nqanaba, imeko yezemali yeBacon yahlala ingathandabuzekiyo. Iinzame zabahlobo bakhe zokumfumanela iofisi kawonke-wonke ikwabonakala ngathi iza kulilize njengoko bengakhange bakwazi ukuyifumana. Isicwangciso-qhinga sakhe sokubuyisa isikhundla sakhe esilahlekileyo ngokutshata umhlolokazi osisityebi noselula u-Lady Elizabeth Hatton akaphumelelanga, xa wahlukana naye watshata nendoda esisityebi. Kananjalo, ngo-1598, uBacon wabanjwa ngenxa yamatyala. Nangona kunjalo, ethe chu kodwa ngokuzinzileyo, umfanekiselo wakhe emehlweni kaKumkanikazi waphucuka, njengoko wazibambela kwindawo yokuma kwabacebisi abafundileyo, nangona ngaphandle komvuzo, ikhomishini okanye iwaranti. Uye waphakamisa umfanekiso wakhe kwiliso leKumkanikazi ngokwenza inyathelo elinobuqili ngokudibanisa ubudlelwane noRobert Devereux, 2^ndU-Earl wase-Essex njengoko wabulawa ngo-1601 ngenxa yokungcatsha umbuso. Kwakhona, u-Bacon neqela wacelwa ukuba aphande zonke izityholo abekwa zona u-Essex. UBacon wayelilungu leqela lezomthetho kwityala lokungcatsha uEssex elalikhokelwa ligqwetha Jikelele, uSir Edward Coke. Emva kokubulawa, uBacon wonyulwa ukuba abhale i-akhawunti yaseburhulumenteni yetyala ngoKumkanikazi. Ezi akhawunti zapapashwa njenge 'Isibhengezo seZenzo kunye noNyaka'. Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lokuqala olwenziwe yiBacon luhlelwe nguKumkanikazi kunye nabaphathiswa bakhe ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elikhulu. Ukudibana noJames I Xa uJames I weza kulawula, wazisa ubabalo olukhulu kuBacon, kuba owokugqibela waxatyiswa ngo-1603. UBacon naye wenza elinye iqhinga ngokubhala uxolo ethathela ingqalelo inkqubo yakhe kwityala lase-Essex. Oku ikakhulu kungenxa yokuba u-Essex wadlala indima enkulu ekuyekeni kukaJames abe semandleni. Ekugqibeleni, uBacon wanikwa i-ofisi yeGqwetha-Jikelele ngeyeSilimela ngo-1607. Kunyaka olandelayo, waqala ukusebenza njengo-Clerkship we-Star Chamber kwaye wayenengeniso entle. Kodwa nangona kunjalo ngenxa yamatyala akhe amadala, wahlala enamatyala. UBacon uqhubeke nokuxhasa uKing James kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yokubamba ukukhuthaza kunye nobutyebi. Iseshoni yepalamente yokuqala kaJames yenzeka ngo-1610. Bengayithobeli ingcebiso ka-Bacon, uJames kunye no-Commons bazifumanisa bengavisisani ngamalungelo asebukhosini. Ipalamente yachithwa ngoFebruwari ka-1611. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, uBacon wayehleli ethandwa nguKumkani kwaye egcina nokuzithemba kweeManyano. U-Bacon wonyulwa njenge Gqwetha Jikelele, emva kokuba ecebise uKumkani malunga nokususwa kwezikhundla zomthetho ngo-1613. Ngo-Epreli ka-1614, iPalamente yeNkosana 'yaphakamisa imibuzo ngobukho buka Bacon kwisihlalo sase-Cambridge kunye nazo zonke izicwangciso zasebukhosini ezixhaswe nguye. . Ke ngoko kwavela umthetho owawuthintela iGqwetha Jikelele ukuba lihlale epalamente. Ngo-1616, emva kokuba liGqwetha Jikelele, watshutshisa uSomerset. Uninzi loontanga bakhe babenomona kwaye benomsindo ngaye xa ebona ukusondela kwakhe eKing. Kodwa uKumkani wahlala kwimpembelelo yeBacon kwaye ngo-Matshi 1617, wanyulwa njengo-Regent wethutyana wase-England kwaye kamva waba yi-Lord Chancellor ngo-1618. Njenge-Chancellor yeNkosi Umfanekiso weBacon phakathi koluntu waphela ngokulihlazo ngo-1621. Waphinda wawela ematyaleni kwaye ikomiti yepalamente kulawulo lomthetho yabeka iBacon amatyala angamashumi amabini anesithathu ahlukeneyo orhwaphilizo. Emva kwexesha, uBacon wagwetywa isohlwayo nge- $ 40,000. Isohlwayo sixolelwe yiKing and Tower yekomiti yaseLondon. Bacon wayevalelwe nje iintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Emva koko, ipalamente yabhengeza ukuba akonelanga ukuba abambe isikhundla kwiofisi. Ibacon yaphuncuka emehlweni abantu kwaye yazonwabela ngokufunda nokubhala. Ubomi boBuntu UBacon wayethandana nomhlolokazi oselula u-Elizabeth Hatton kodwa wahlukana naye kwaye wamkela umtshato kwindoda esisityebi- uEdward Coke. Emva kweminyaka engama-45, uBacon watshata noAlice Barnham. Wayeyintombi yeLungu lePalamente laseLondon. UBacon ubhale nemibongo emibini evakalisa uthando lwakhe kuAlice, okokuqala ngethuba lokuthandana kwakhe kwaye okwesibini kwisikhumbuzo somtshato wabo ngoMeyi 10, 1606. Kodwa ubudlelwane babo baba buhle xa iBacon yawela ematyaleni. Emva kwexesha, uBacon wagqiba kwelokuba ahlukane naye, kuba wayenobudlelwane obuyimfihlo noJohn Underhill. Kwakhona, u-Bacon wabhala kwakhona ukuthanda kwakhe kwaye wabuyisa bonke ubutyebi kuye. Uninzi lwabantu luye lwacinga ukuba ngaphandle komtshato wakhe, wayenomdla wesini esifanayo. Imizekelo ikwasetiwe kubudlelwane beKing-Bacon. Ukufa Nge-9 ka-Epreli ngo-1629, uFrancis Bacon wasweleka kwindlu enkulu yase-Arundel e-Highgate ngaphandle kwe-London ngenxa yesifo semiphunga. UJohn Aubrey wanika inkcazo emfutshane malunga nokusweleka kwakhe. Kuthiwa babezama iindlela ezithile zenzululwazi ngokusebenzisa ikhephu ukugcina inyama. Bacon waya kwikhaya le-lady elihluphekileyo e-Highgate hill. Wazisa intaka apho emva kokucela umfazi ukuba acoce okufanayo. Emva koko wafaka intaka ngekhephu elininzi kodwa wahlaselwa sisifo esiyingozi, inyumoniya. Ngexesha lenkqubo, wayeziva egula kakhulu kangangokuba akazange akwazi ukuphola. Endaweni yoko waya endlwini ka-Arundel e-Highgate apho wafakwa kwilaphu elimanzi. Ngenxa yokubanda, wasweleka ngenxa yokufuthaniselwa. Kumngcwabo kaBacon, iingqondo ezinkulu ezingama-30 zamdumisa kakhulu, ezathi kamva zapapashwa njengengqokelela yesiLatin.