Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoJanuwari 9 , Ngo-1878
Wafa eneminyaka: 80
Umqondiso welanga: Capricorn
Kwaziwa njenge:UJohn Broadus Watson
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: eunited States
Uzalwe e:Ukuphumla kwabahambi, South Carolina, United States
Idume njenge:Ingcali yeengqondo
Iingcali zengqondo Amadoda aseMelika
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UMary Ickes (m. 1901-1920), uRosalie Rayner (m. 1921–1935).
utata:U-Pickens Butler
umama: EMzantsi Carolina
Iinkcukacha ezithe kratyaImfundo:IYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins, iGreenville Senior High School, iYunivesithi yaseChicago, iYunivesithi yaseFurman
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
UEmma Watson UWilliam Moulton ... UCarol S. Dweck UMartin SeligmanNgubani uJohn B. Watson?
UJohn B. Watson wayengusosayikholojista waseMelika owathi waqikelela ingcinga yokuziphatha ngendlela eyabeka isiseko sesikolo sokuziphatha. Wayengumhleli we 'Psychological Review' ukusukela ngo-1910 ukuya ku-1915. Usebenze kwintengiso emva kokuba efundile kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins waphela ngesiquphe emva komcimbi. Ukhuthaze indlela yesayensi ejolise ekuziphatheni kunye nedilesi yakhe ayinikwe kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia, ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Psychology njenge-Behaviourist Views It'. Uxhase imeko ye-reflex hypothesis kwincwadi ethi 'Behaviourism' kwaye waba nguvulindlela kuhlalutyo lokuziphatha lokukhula komntwana, isihloko esasixoxwa emva kokukhutshwa kwencwadi yakhe ethi 'Ukunyamekelwa kwengqondo kosana nomntwana'. Wagxininisa kukhuliso kwingxoxo yokondla indalo kunye nabantu bexesha lakhe le-eugenic. Uye wenza uphando olubanzi malunga nokuziphatha kwezilwanyana. Waziwa kakhulu ngokuqhuba uvavanyo olunempikiswano 'u-Little Albert' ukuxhasa izimvo zakhe malunga nemeko yeemvakalelo.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:John_Broadus_Watson.JPG (Ongaziwayo (pre-1923 ifoto) UWatson, kwikhonkco kwimithombo yolwazi, washiya uJohn Hopkins ngo-1921 (ngokwegama elibi) Lo ngumfanekiso wakhe phaya. [Indawo yoluntu] Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala UJohn Broadus Watson wazalwa ngoJanuwari 9, 1878, eTravellers Rest, eSouth Carolina, njengowesine kubantwana abathandathu bakaPickens Butler noEmma Kesiah Watson. Uyise, ikhoboka lotywala elinemicimbi nabafazi boMthonyama baseMerika, walishiya ikhaya xa wayeneminyaka eli-13 ubudala. Unina wenkolo wayemthiye ngegama lomfundisi waseBhaptizi kwaye wayenethemba lokuba naye uza kukhula abe lilolo; Nangona kunjalo, ukukhuliswa kwakhe ngokungqongqo kunye noqeqesho lwenkolo lwamenza wangakholelwa kuThixo. Ukubonelela ngamathuba angcono kubantwana bakhe, umama wakhe wathengisa ifama yakhe wafudukela eGreenville, eSouth Carolina, eyamvumela ukuba ahlangane nabantu abohlukeneyo, enegalelo kwiingcinga zakhe zengqondo. Ngelixa wayengenguye umfundi olungileyo esikolweni, wakwazi ukungena kwiYunivesithi yaseFurman, enkosi kunxibelelwano lukanina, kwaye wagqiba izifundo ezimbalwa zengqondo. Nangona wayengenazakhono zentlalo kwaye esenza abahlobo abambalwa, wazama ngamandla ukuphucula imfundo emva kokungena ekholejini eneminyaka eli-16, kwaye wazixhasa ngokuthatha imisebenzi eliqela ekhampasini. Waphumelela e-21, kwaye wachitha unyaka kwisikolo esinegumbi elinye awayesithiye ngokuba yi-Batesburg Institute, apho wayeyinqununu, umcoci, kwanomphathi. Emva kokucetyiswa ukuba kufundwe ifilosofi phantsi kukaJohn Dewey, wacela ngempumelelo kumongameli weYunivesithi yaseChicago ukuba amkelwe. Wayecinga ngokusebenza nengcali yebhayoloji egqibeleleyo uJacques Loeb, kodwa ekugqibeleni wasebenza phantsi kweliso lengcali yezengqondo uJames Rowland Angell kunye nophysicalist uHenry Donaldson. Wayechukunyiswe kakhulu ngumsebenzi ka-Ivan Pavlov, ngakumbi ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhuthaza kunye nokuphendula, kwaye wafaka imigaqo-siseko kaPavlov kwiingcinga zakhe. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Umsebenzi UJohn B. Watson ufumene i-Ph.D. Ngo-1903 nge-dissertation ethi 'Imfundo Yezilwanyana', eyayibonisa ukuba ubuchwephesha beengcongolo kwiigundane zazinxulumene nokufunda, kwaye yayingumsebenzi wokuqala wesayensi yanamhlanje kwindlela yokuziphatha kweempuku. Wahlala kwiDyunivesithi yaseChicago emva kokuphumelela kwakhe kwaye wenza uthotho lwezifundo zokuziphatha kweentaka zolwandle, ezathi kamva zaba sisiseko se-ethology. Umphandi owayedume ngokuziphatha kwezilwanyana ngo-1908, wanikwa isikhundla kwi-Yunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins. Phantse kwangoko, wafumana ukunyuselwa njengosihlalo weSebe lezeengqondo. Kwi-1913, wapapasha iphepha elibalulekileyo, 'Psychology as the Behaeveist View It', okanye 'I-Behaeveist Manifesto', echaza indlela yokuziphatha njengesebe lezenzululwazi elisekwe kuphando lolingo kunye nedatha ebonakalayo. Ngo-1920, wacelwa ukuba ashiye iYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins emva kokuthandana kwakhe nomfundi wakhe uRosalie Rayner waba ziindaba zoluntu. Kwiminyaka ye-42, waphulukana negama lakhe phakathi kwabafundi abakumgangatho ophezulu kwaye wanyanzelwa ukuba aqale ikhondo lakhe ngokutsha. Ukuyeka izifundo zakhe, wasebenza kwi-arhente yentengiso uJ. Walter Thompson, apho wafunda khona kumgangatho womhlaba ngokusebenza njengomthengisi wezihlangu kwivenkile yesebe. Wazuza isikhundla sokuba usekela-mongameli kwisithuba seminyaka emibini kwaye wasebenza apho de waneminyaka engama-65. Igalelo elikhulu Kwincwadi yakhe yowe-1930 ethi 'Behaviourism', uJohn B. Watson wathi ulwimi, intetho kunye nenkumbulo zinokubekwa kwimeko ethile okanye zifundiswe ngokulinganisa okanye ngokunxulumana neemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha kunye neemeko, izinto kunye neempawu. Ukubeka inqaku lakhe, wayedume ngelithi uyakwazi ukubumba abantwana abalishumi elinambini kuyo nayiphi na inkalo yoqeqesho, kodwa isicatshulwa 'seentsana ezilishumi elinambini' sihlala sisetyenziswa ngokuyinxenye nangaphandle komxholo. Ekholelwa ekubeni iimvakalelo zaziphendula ngokwasemzimbeni kwisikhuthazo sangaphandle, wenza uvavanyo olunempikiswano ngo-'Albert Little 'ngo-1920, apho wabangela uloyiko lwempuku emhlophe kwinkwenkwe eneenyanga ezili-9 ubudala. Wabhangqa ukubonakala kwesilwanyana ngengxolo enkulu yesandi njengenkuthazo, kwaye wayiphinda le nkqubo de inkwenkwe yabonisa ukoyika kungekuphela iigundane, kodwa naziphi na izilwanyana ezinoboya, kwaneebhatyi zoboya. Uvavanyo luye lwaba nempikiswano njengoko uWatson engazange amphilise umntwana woloyiko, oko kwamchaphazela ngokusisigxina, nangona wayekwazi ukuphelisa uloyiko komnye umfana ogama linguPeter. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi, abaphandi bamva bachonge u-'Albert Omncinci 'ukuba abe ngu-Douglas Merritte,' owayengaphilanga ', kodwa owayenengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo, kwaye wasweleka ngenxa yokuzalwa ene-hydrocephalus eneminyaka emithandathu, ebeka ukusebenza kolingelo. Kwi-1928, wabhala incwadi ethi 'Unonophelo Lwezengqondo Zabantwana Nabantwana', apho wakhankanya ukuba abantwana mabaphathwe njengabantu abadala kodwa bakhuliswe ngokuqina ngokwasemoyeni. Izimvo zakhe, nangona kunjalo, ziye zagxekwa ngoochwephesha bezengqondo bale mihla ngokukhuthaza ubuzaza, ubudlelwane obufana noshishino phakathi kukamama nomntwana, kwaye kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kamva wazisola ngokubhala ebaleni. Usapho kunye noBomi baBakho UJohn B. Watson wadibana nenkosikazi yakhe yokuqala, u-Mary Ickes, udade wezopolitiko u-Harold L. Ickes, kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, kwaye wamtshata ngo-1901. Babenabantwana ababini, uJohn noMary Ickes Watson. UMary kamva waba ngumama we-Emmy Award 'ophumeleleyo ongumlingisi uMariette Hartley, owaseka iAmerican Foundation for Suicide Prevention. Ngo-1920, wazibandakanya kwezobudlelane nomncedisi wakhe ophambili kwezophando kunye nomfundi ophumelele isidanga, uRosalie Rayner, ngelixa wayetshate umfazi wakhe wokuqala. Umfazi wakhe wakhangela igumbi lokulala likaRayner ukuze afumane iileta zothando kuye. Kungekudala emva kokugqitywa koqhawulo-mtshato, watshata noRayner ngoDisemba 1920 kwaye waba nabanye abantwana ababini kunye naye: UWilliam Rayner Watson noJames Broadus Watson. Ubunciphisile ubudlelwane bakhe namalungu osapho ngokusebenzisa izifundo zakhe zokuziphatha kubantwana bakhe. Intombi yakhe uMary kunye noonyana bakhe ababini, uWilliam noJames, bazamile ukuzibulala, noWilliam esweleka ngo-1954. Ngokutsho kwemithombo, uWatson wayexhelekile kwaye waba linxila xa umfazi wakhe wesibini wasweleka ngo-1935. Ngenxa yokudana, wayitshisa yonke imisebenzi yakhe engapapashwa xa uWilliam wazibulala. Usweleke ngoSeptemba 25, 1958, eneminyaka eyi-80, kwifama yakhe eseWoodbury, eConnecticut, apho wayechithe khona ubomi bakhe bonke kamva. Wangcwatywa emangcwabeni eWillowbrook, eWestport, eConnecticut. Wayenemibono eqinileyo kunye nokukrakra kubagxeki bakhe nasebudaleni, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba asweleke, watshisa uninzi lweeleta kunye namaphepha akhe. Inqaku Kungekudala ngaphambi kokubhubha kwakhe, uJohn B. Watson wamenyelwa eNew York ukuba amkele iMedali yeGolide kuMbutho Wezengqondo waseMelika ngenxa yegalelo lakhe kwizengqondo. Ngelixa wayezimase umsitho, wathumela unyana wakhe ukuba amkele eliwonga kuba esoyika ukuba angahlehle phambi koluntu.
