Wazalwa:Ngama-482
Wafa eneminyaka: 83
Kwaziwa njenge:UJustinian Omkhulu, uSt. Justinian Omkhulu, uPeter Sabatha (kude kube ngu-Ascension) UFlavius Sabbatius Justinian (njengomlawuli)
Uzalwe e:I-Tauresium, iDardania, eyinxalenye yeDiocese yaseDacia (kwiRiphabhlikhi yanamhlanje yaseMakedoni
Idume njenge:Umlawuli waseByzantine
Abalawuli kunye neeKumkani Abalawuli baseMakedoni kunye neeKumkani
Usapho:Iqabane / Ex-: Theodora UPtolemy I Soter UAlexander uG ... IHammurabi
Ngubani uJustinian I?
UJustinian I, okwabizwa ngokuba ngu-“Justinian the Great” kunye no ‘Saint Justinian the Great’, wayengumlawuli wase-Byzantine (East Roman) Emperor kwaye engomnye wabalawuli ababenempembelelo kwimbali yasentshona. Ngexesha lokufumana kwakhe itrone, ubukumkani babubuthathaka kwaye uJustinian wafunga ukubenza bube namandla kwakhona kwaye kufanelekile, wazimisela ukubuyisa isiqingatha esentshona sobukhosi kwaye wabuphumelela ngempumelelo. Ulawulo lwakhe luyaziwa ngokudumileyo kwimbali 'njengokubuyiselwa kobukhosi'. Kwimikhankaso yakhe ebalulekileyo, wabuyisa i-Afrika kwi-Vandals kwaye woyisa ama-Goths ukwenza i-Italiyayi yinxalenye yobukumkani bakhe kwakhona. Wazimisela nokwakha iicawa ezintsha ezingenakubalwa, izindlu zeemonki, iinqaba, iindawo zokugcina amanzi kunye neebhlorho. Uluntu lwamthanda kakhulu njengoko babemoyika. Enye yezona mpumelelo zinkulu kulawulo lwakhe yayisisigqibo sakhe sokuyalela ukuba kubhalwe kwakhona umthetho waseRoma, obizwa ngokuba yiCorpus Juris Civilis. La maxwebhu ayephucukile kwindalo yawo kangangokuba uninzi lwemithetho yoluntu yanamhlanje iyaphefumlelwa kuwo.
Ityala lemifanekiso wikimedia.org Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala Uninzi lweenkcukacha malunga nobomi bokuqala bukaJustinian ndilahlekile kwimbali kodwa imithombo ithi wazalwa ngo-482 BC. Wayevela kusapho oluhlwempuzekileyo, kodwa umalume wakhe, uJustin, wayenesikhundla esibalulekileyo kwinkundla yasebukhosini njengonogada wasebukhosini (abachasayo) kwaye kamva waba ngumlawuli. UJustin wazisa uJustinian omncinci kwisixeko sasebukhosini saseConstantinople ukuze anyamekele imfundo yakhe, kwaye ngenxa yoko, uJustinian wafumana imfundo ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kootitshala abafundileyo ehlabathini kwizifundo ezinjengeMbali yaseRoma kunye neTheology. Abanye babanga ukuba wayemfutshane, ethe qelele, ulungile kwaye emhle mfana owayenobuchule bokufunda kwaye wayenokufunda yonke enye incwadi eza ngendlela yakhe. Ngonyaka wama-518, xa umlawuli waseRoma u-Anastasius wasweleka engenayo indlalifa, uJustin wenziwa umlawuli. UJustinian wayengumfana ofundileyo kwaye wayeqinisekile ukuba uza kuba yindlalifa yetrone. Umalume wakhe wabeka lonke ukholo lwakhe kuye kwaye ethathela ingqalelo into yokuba uJustinian wayengumfana ofundileyo, uKing Justin wayehlala ebuza ingcebiso yakhe kuyo yonke imicimbi ebalulekileyo. Kwafika ixesha, xa uJustinian wayephethe ubukhosi, ngelixa uJustin wayeyindoda endala ehleli etroneni kwaye xa uKumkani uJustin wasweleka ngo-Agasti 527, uJustinian wabizwa ngokuba ngumlawuli. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ukungena kunye nolawulo Kumanqanaba okuqala olawulo lwakhe, uJustinian ndasebenza kakhulu kangangokuba waduma njengo ‘Emperor ongalaliyo’ kwaye ngo-525, watshata uTheodora, intombazana evela kudidi olusezantsi. Nangona wayejamelene nokuhlaselwa ngabantu bakhe kodwa wabaxelela ukuba inkosi uJustin uyiphelisile inkqubo yeklasi eBukhosi. U-Theodora wazibonakalisa engumfazi obalaseleyo kwaye waxhasa umyeni wakhe kuyo yonke imicimbi ebalulekileyo yenkundla. Malunga no-528, uJustinian waqalisa amaphulo akhe omkhosi okomeleza ubukhosi baseRoma kwaye ngelo xesha, abaphathiswa bakhe bezerhafu basebenzise uhlengahlengiso olukhulu lwerhafu, olwalunika inkosi imali eyoneleyo yokuxhasa uhambo lwakhe lomkhosi. U-Belisarius wakhe jikelele walwa namaPersi malunga ne-528, kodwa woyiswa. Imfazwe namaPersi yathatha ixesha elide kwaye kwidabi lesibini ngo-530 elalisilwa eDaras, umkhosi wamaRoma wavela waphumelela, kodwa waphinda waphulukana nonyaka kamva e-Ewufrathe kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukumkani wanyanzelwa ukuba atyikitye isivumelwano soxolo namaPersi. UNjengele Belisarius wacebisa inkosi ukuba ibuyise imihlaba elahlekileyo e-Afrika nase-Itali. I-Vandals kunye ne-Gothic invasions zazibahlutha kumaRoma ngamanye amaxesha kwaye uJustinian wayefunge ukubabuyisa, ukuze baphinde bamise uBukhosi baseRoma njengobona bukhulu emhlabeni kwakhona. Ngo-533, uBelisarius wahamba nomkhosi omkhulu kunye neenqanawa ezingama-500. I-Vandals e-Afrika yatyunyuzwa kwaye umlawuli wabo wathathwa njengamabanjwa, kwaye kwakhona, ilizwekazi lase-Afrika laba phantsi kwegunya lamaRoma. Ngo-535, uJustinian wayejolise e-Italiya, eyayiphantsi komthetho obuthathaka kwaye umntu ohleli ngenkani wayehleli etroneni ngelixa exhwila ukumkanikazi wasebukhosini. Olu dushe lwanika uBelisarius ithuba elikhulu lokuhlasela angenise i-Itali phantsi kolawulo lukaJustinian. Ngandlela thile, abalawuli bamaGoth ngeloo xesha babesithathile isihlalo sobukhosi sase-Italiya kwaye umlawuli wamaGothic uVitigis wabizwa ngokuba ngukumkani omtsha kwaye wahlanganisa umkhosi owomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba angamisa uBelisarius. U-Justinian kwafuneka athumele enye i-general ngamandla amakhulu kwaye ekugqibeleni emva kweminyaka yamadabi angapheliyo kunye nesiphithiphithi, i-Itali yathinjwa ngo-540. izixeko ezisuka eJustinian. Ngandlel 'ithile, uJustinian wayediniwe ngamaGoths ngenxa yobuntamo-lukhuni bawo kwaye wathumela umkhosi omkhulu onamadoda amalunga nama-35000 kunye nenjengele entsha egama linguNarses, kwaza ke ngo-552, kwidabi laseBusta Gallorum nango-554 eCasilinum, kwaliwa I-Italiya yangena phantsi kolawulo lweByzantium ngokulungileyo. Kwilinge lokwandisa uBukhosi baseRoma, uJustinian wayesebenzise amandla amakhulu kunye nobutyebi besithsaba kwaye uluntu ngokubanzi lwamgweba njengoko iirhafu zazinyuswa ngenxa yoko. Kodwa ngaphandle kwaleyo, babebaninzi ababekholelwa kuye nakwimigaqo-nkqubo yakhe. UJustinian wongamele ukwakhiwa kweecawe ezininzi, iitempile, iinqaba kunye namanye amaziko ukuze uluntu lube lula, kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu, wahlala engumlawuli othandwayo bonke ubomi bakhe kwisiqingatha sabantu. Kodwa njengoko kunjalo nakwezona zikhulu zibalaseleyo, babebaninzi ebukumkanini ababemchasa. Ngo-529, uJulianus ben Sabar, inkokeli enkulu yezenkolo ePalestine, wavukela ukumkani ngokunceda abantu baseSamariya. Okubi nangakumbi kukuba, ngo-532, iziphithiphithi zaseNiko zenzeka, ezabulala phantse abantu abangamawaka alishumi kwisixeko saseConstantinople sodwa. Oku kwashiya iindawo ezininzi zedolophu zonakalisiwe kwaye olunye uvukelo lwamaSamariya, olwenzeka ngo-559, aluzange lume de kubhubhe uJustinian. Oko waba ngumlawuli, uJustinian wayehlala efuna ukuzisa yonke imithetho, amanqaku ezomthetho kunye neenkcazo phantsi koxwebhu olunye, olwaluza kusebenza njengomthetho oqhelekileyo kubo bonke ubukhosi. Waqesha u-Tribonian ukuba amenzele lo msebenzi kwaye ekugqibeleni, uCodex Justinianus wapapasha umbhalo wakhe wokuqala ngonyaka ka-534. Uhlelo lwesibini lwesi sicatshulwa lisekhona nanamhlanje kwaye lusinika umfanekiso-ngqondweni ocacileyo wendlela esebenzayo ubukhosi bamaRoma bamandulo babewuphatha ngayo umthetho wabo. kunye noku-odola oomatshini. Iintsuku zokugqibela kunye nelifa Nangona wayedunyiswa njengomnye wabalawuli abaphambili baseRoma emva kokubhubha kwakhe, wayengathandwa kangako xa wayephila. Iziphithiphithi zikaNika ziphantse zamhlutha itrone yakhe kwaye iimfazwe azilwileyo e-Afrika nase-Itali zazithwalisa uxanduva uluntu ngokubanzi ngerhafu eyayinokuthintelwa ukuba abaphathiswa berhafu baseJustinian I babephumelela ngakumbi. Nangona yonke le ntiyo yayingamchaphazeli uJustinian kwiintsuku zokuqala zolawulo lwakhe, waqala kancinci ukuyisa yonke intiyo entliziyweni yakhe. Umfazi wakhe onothando u-Theodora naye waba yindumasi njenge-nymphomaniac enamahemuhemu kwaye kwathiwa wayenobudlelwane bomzimba kunye nenkundla yasebukhosini kwinkundla yaseJustinian. Emva kwexesha ebomini bakhe ngonyaka wama-562, uJustinian wafumanisa ukuba uninzi lwabakhonzi abathembekileyo besithsaba baceba ukumbulala ngexesha loqhushululu lwaseNika. Waphathwa sisibetho ngo-540 kwakanye, nangona engazange ambulale kodwa wamenza buthathaka kakhulu emzimbeni nasemphefumlweni nangakumbi, umfazi wakhe uTheodora wasweleka ngo-548 ngenxa yomhlaza. Ngandlela thile, uJustinian wadinwa yiyo yonke imidlalo kwaye wacwangcisa ukuthatha umhlala phantsi kwii-560s zakuqala. Iingxelo zobomi bakhe zithi waba yindoda enenkolo kakhulu kwiintsuku zakhe ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kwaye ekugqibeleni wasweleka ngoNovemba 565. Ubomi bakhe babubuhlungu, akazange ashiye bantwana ngasemva. Nangona uTheodora wazala unyana kwangethuba emva komtshato, umntwana wabhubha emva koko, uTheodora akazange akhulelwe. UJustin II, unyana kadade kaJustinian uVigilantia wayehleli etroneni emva kokubhubha kukaJustinian. Umzimba wakhe wabekwa kumangcwaba akhiwe ngokukodwa kwiCawe yabaPostile abaNgcwele. Imizobo Kwi 'Divine Comedy' nguDante, uJustinian ndiboniswa ngokuhlekisayo njengomoya ohleli kwiMercury. UPierson Dixon wabhala incwadi ngo-1958 malunga neziganeko zenkundla yaseJustinian enesihloko esithi 'Uphondo Olumenyezelayo: Izikhumbuzo Ezifihlakeleyo zeNkundla yaseJustinian'.
