Wazalwa:Ngama-519 BC
Kwaziwa njenge:Xerxes Omkhulu
Uzalwe e:I-Iran
Idume njenge:UKumkani wasePersi
Abalawuli kunye neeKumkani Indoda yaseIran
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:Amestris
utata:UDariyo I
umama:Atossa
abantakwenu:Achaemenes, Ariabignes, Ariomardos, Arsamenes, Arsames, Artobarzanes, Gobryas, Hyperantes, Hystaspes, Masistes
abantwana:Amytis,UArtashashta I we ... UKoreshi Omkhulu UNader Shah | Mohammad Reza P ...
Wayengubani uXerxes I?
UXerxes I (Xerxes the Great) wayengowesine kwaye mhlawumbi wayengoyena kumkani udumileyo waseArchaemenid ubukhosi basePersi. Wazuza njengelifa itrone kuyise uDariyo I kwaye wafumana ubuKumkani ngaphandle kokuzibonakalisa ukuba uyasifanelekela. UXerxes waba ngomnye wabalawuli abaziwa kakhulu ngala maxesha ngenxa yeliso lakhe elibukhali lokwakha kunye nezikhumbuzo ezithile ezinkulu awazakhayo, kodwa woyiswa emfazweni neGrisi ngo-480 BCE, nto leyo eyonakalisa ukuthembeka kwakhe njengomlawuli owomeleleyo. Ukulwa nemikhosi yamaGrike, wenza amahlakani athile kwaye wahlanganisa umkhosi onamandla, owawuthathwa njengongenakoyiswa. Yayingamandla anamandla awaziwayo ebantwini kude kube lelo xesha. Xa uyise wanikezela itrone kuye, amazwe aliqela akufutshane anje nge-Egypt ne-Bhabhiloni ayemvukelo, kodwa u-Xerxes wakwazi ukuwaphelisa. Kodwa ngokuchasene nemikhosi yamaGrike, amalungiselelo akhe asilela kwaye ngo-480 BCE, wajongana nokoyiswa. Emva koko uXerxes wayithimba kangangexesha elithile inyakatho yeGrisi, kodwa waphinda waphulukana nayo emva konyaka kwidabi laseSalamis nasePlataea.
Ityala lemifanekiso http://www.crystalinks.com/Achaemenid_Empire.html 
Ityala lemifanekiso http://koversite.info/kimagexncd-xerxes-the-great.htm 
Ityala lemifanekiso http://koversite.info/kimagexncd-xerxes-the-great.htm Ngaphambili Okulandelayo Ubuntwana, Ubomi bokuqala kunye nokuPhakama kwamandla UXerxes wazalelwa kusapho lwasebukhosini basePersi malunga ne-518 BC kukumkani wasePersi, uDariyo I noAtossa. Unina wayeyintombi kaKoreshi omkhulu, owadlala indima enkulu ekubekweni kwakhe njengokumkani, nangona wayengenguye unyana omkhulu kaDariyo. Uqhushululu e-Egypt lwalushiye utata wakhe kuhambo oluyingozi kwaye ngokwesiko lamaPersi; Kwakufuneka akhethe umntu oza kungena ezihlangwini zakhe ngaphambi kokuba aye eYiputa, waza ke yena wakhetha uXerxes ukuba angene ezihlangwini zakhe. Nangona kunjalo, impilo enkenenkene yeNkosi yamnqanda ukuba angahambi i-Egypt kwaye wasweleka ngo-486 BC, esenza u-Xerxes oneminyaka engama-36 ubudala ukuba ngukumkani wobukumkani obunamandla nobunamandla. Umntakwabo ngonina kunye noonyana bakaDariyo, uArtabazenes, babanga itrone phambi kwebhunga njengoko kwakuqhelekile ePersi nakwilizwe liphela. Kodwa ngandlela thile, ngenxa yokuba umama wakhe wayeqhelekile kwaye umama kaXerxes wayeyintombi yokumkani onamandla, uKoreshi Omkhulu, uArtabazenes waphulukana nebango lakhe. UMardonius, umzala kaXerxes nomphathi-mkhosi wamajoni asePersi, wasebenzisa uXerxes ukuba akhokele umkhosi ukuba uthimbe iGrisi, nto leyo awenza kanobom noyise. AmaGrike ayeludidi lomlo olugqwesileyo kwaye kwakungekho lula ukuwaphula, yiyo ke loo nto, umalume kaXerxes kunye nomcebisi oyintloko uArtabanus bazama ngako konke okusemandleni akhe ukubeka ingqiqo kumtshana wakhe, kodwa wasilela. UXerxes wayengumlawuli oselula onomdla, yiyo loo nto waqokelela umkhosi omkhulu waya eGrisi. Kodwa ngaphambi koko, kwakufuneka enze into, ngexesha lokusweleka kukayise, atyumza imikhosi yokuvukela eYiputa naseBhabheli. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ukuhlaselwa kweGrisi Akuba ekwazi ukubuyisela uxolo kubukhosi obukhulu basePersi, waphambukisa ingqalelo yakhe wayokuthimba iGrisi, eyayisaziwa ngamagorha ayo angoyikiyo, awayengaziwa ngokuguqa ngamadolo kubahlaseli bamanye amazwe, nokuba bajongene nokufa. UXerxes wayeyazi kakuhle loo nto kananjalo esazi ngokweenkcukacha ngokungaphumeleli kukayise kukoyisa amaGrike. Uchithe ubuncinci isiqingatha seshumi leminyaka ezilungiselela kunye nemikhosi yakhe ukuba ahlasele iGrisi kwaye wabiza amadoda kuzo zonke iimbombo zobukumkani bakhe ukuba amlwele. Ngelo xesha, uburhalarhume bukaXerxes beviwa ngokuvakalayo njengoko wayengabahloniphi oothixo base-Egypt nabama-Bhabhiloni, oogxa ababini abasondeleyo kurhulumente wasePersi ngexesha lolawulo lukayise. Kwaye kwindlela yakhe yokulwa namaGrike, xa kwavela into embi, uPythias, omnye wabahlobo bakhe abasondeleyo wacela uXerxes ukuba akhulule unyana wakhe emkhosini, kuba wayefuna okungenani indlalifa enye kwitrone yaseSardesi iphila. UXerxes 'ongakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo wacaphuka ngenxa yesi sinyanzelo kwaye wambulala unyana kaPythias ngokumsika kwisiqingatha. Amandla amakhulu kaXerxes aqulathe malunga nesigidi samadoda kunye namawaka ambalwa eenqanawa, ezaneleyo zokutyumza iGrisi, okanye wayecinga njalo. Amanqaku aliqela abonakala xa wayesiya eThermopylae, kodwa uXerxes akazange abahoye abacebisi bakhe kwaye wakhokelela umkhosi wakhe kwiibhulorho ukuze angene eHellespont. Iimpawu ezimbi zenze ukuba amaGrike athandabuze ukuya emfazweni kwaye uKumkani uLeonidas waseSparta kwafuneka akhokele umkhosi omncinci kakhulu ngokuchasene noXerxes. Idabi lalilwa ngokuchasene nazo zonke iingxaki; U-Leonidas wakhokelela umkhosi wakhe kwimpumelelo ebonakala ngathi ayinakwenzeka, kodwa ukungcatshwa kwindoda engumGrike, u-Ephialtes, kwabangela ukoyiswa kwaye ke ngoko iThermopylae yawela ezandleni zikaXerxes. Emva kokoyisa uLeonidas, uXerxes wamatsha esiya eAthene wakhawuleza wayithimba ngeentsuku nje ezimbalwa, wazinika ulawulo phantse lwelizwe lonke laseMntla Greece. Ukuzithemba ngokugqithisileyo kwamvumela ukuba angene emfazweni eSalamis kunye nemikhosi yamaGrike ngaphandle kolwazi ngamagunya otshaba kunye neendawo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, wajongana nokoyiswa. Oku kwanyanzelisa uXerxes ukuba abuyele e-Asiya, eshiya uMardonius kwibala lemfazwe ngenqanawa. UMardonius wayengenakuma ixesha elide kwaye waphulukana kwidabi lasePlataea ngo-479 BCE. Umsebenzi woKwakha UXerxes waphulukana eGrisi ukuze afezekise omnye umnqweno kayise, waya eShushan wayongamela ukwakhiwa kwezikhumbuzo ezaziqalwe nguyise. Incasa yakhe yoyilo yayiyinto entle kwaye wakha izikhumbuzo ezifana nokwakhiwa kweSango Lazo Zonke Iintlanga kunye neHolo Yamakholomu Amakhulu, amakhulu kunoyise awayezimisele. Wayejongene nokwakhiwa kweNdlu kaDariyo kwaye wazakhela eyakhe ibhotwe, eyayiphindwe kabini ubukhulu bendlu kaDariyo ePersepolis. Uye wakha iRoyal Road, kwaye wanikezela ngemali enkulu kakhulu kunoyise ukubonelela ngobungangamsha bokwakha kubukumkani bakhe. Imali enzima echithwe kwezi zikhumbuzo ibeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kunondyebo kwaye ke, umthwalo weerhafu unyuke kubemi ngokubanzi, kukhokelela kwisiphithiphithi esasazekayo emhlabeni. Ngandlel 'ithile, ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba inkcitho enkulu kwiimfazwe ezilahlekileyo eGrisi kunye nomsebenzi ongabhalwanga eShushan nasePersepolis kwaqala ukwehla kobukhosi baseArchaemenid. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nokufa UXerxes watshata no-Amestris, intombi ka-Otanes, kwaye wazala abantwana bakhe abathandathu - oonyana abane neentombi ezimbini. UXerxes wayedume ngokuba ngumfazi kwaye ukuthanda kwakhe abafazi abahle kwamkhokelela ekubeni alandele umfazi omncinci womntakwabo uMasisi. Wala yena, kodwa uXerxes wayengenguye umguli okanye indoda elilungisa kwaye ekuzameni ukuqala ukuthandana naye, watshata intombi yakhe komnye woonyana bakhe. Kodwa wathi akubona intombi kaMasistes uArtaynte, wawa phezu kwakhe kwaye uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwicala lakhe lwanyanzela uArtaynte ukuba anikezele kwiminqweno yakhe kwaye baqala ukuthandana. Xa umfazi kaXerxes wayesazi ngalo mbandela, wacwangcisa wabamba lo mama, ekugqibeleni wambulala. Oku kukhokelele kubukrakra obukhulu phakathi kukaXerxes kunye nomntakwabo Masistes. Ngenxa yoku, uXerxes wambulala umninawa wakhe, kunye noonyana bakhe bonke. Zonke ezi zenzo zikhokelele kukungoneliseki kwaye uXerxes waba ngumlawuli odelekileyo ebukumkanini. Kwenziwa iyelenqe lokumbulala kwaye elinye lawo laphumelela. Nge-Agasti ka-465 BC, u-Xerxes wagwintwa ngu-Artabanus, umphathi wamajoni asebukhosini kunye nelona gosa linamandla kwinkundla yasePersi. UArtabanus wenza icebo ngoncedo lwethenwa, uAspamitres. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, unyana omkhulu kaXerxes uDariyo wafuna ukuziphindezela kwaye wambulala uArtabanus ukuze aphinde abambe itrone yasePersi. UXerxes wayenabantwana abaliqela ukumkanikazi uAmestris. BabengoAmytis (umfazi kaMegabyzus), uDariyo (wabulawa nguArtashashta I okanye uArtabanus), uHystaspes (owabulawa nguArtashashta I), uArtashashta I, uAchaemenes (owabulawa ngamaJiphutha) noRhodogune. Ngaphandle kwendlovukazi u-Amestris, wazala inani labantwana nabanye abantu basetyhini. ZazinguArtarius (irabha yaseBhabheli), iTithraustes, Arsames okanye Arsamenes okanye Arxanes okanye iSarsamas (irabha yase-Egypt), uParysatis, kunye noRatashah.
