Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoJanuwari 1 ,1449
Wafa eneminyaka: 43
Umqondiso welanga: Capricorn
Kwaziwa njenge:Lorenzo di Piero de 'Medici, Lorenzo oMangalisayo
Ilizwe lokuzalwa: ElamaTaliyane
Uzalwe e:IFlorence, e-Itali
Idume njenge:INkokeli
Iinkokeli zezopolitiko Amadoda amaTaliyane
Usapho:
Iqabane / Ex-:UClarice Orsini (m. 1469-1488)
utata:UPiero the Gouty
umama:ULucrezia Tornabuoni
abantwana:UCessessina Beatrice de 'Medici, Contessina de Médici, uDuke waseNemours, uGiuliano de' Medici, uLucrezia de 'Medici, uMaddalena de' Medici, uPiero ngelishwa, uPopu Leo X
Usweleke kwi: Epreli 8 ,1492
Isixeko: IFlorence, e-Itali
Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsiKuyacetyiswa Wena
USilvio Berlusconi USergio Mattarella UMatteo Salvini Matteo RenziNgubani uLorenzo de 'Medici?
U-Lorenzo de 'Medici, okwabizwa ngokuba ngu-Lorenzo the Magnificent, wayengusopolitiki wase-Itali, igosa likarhulumente, idiplomatiki, ibhanki kunye nomlawuli weRiphabhlikhi yaseFlorence. Kuthathwa njengomnye wabaxhasi abanempembelelo kubazobi, iimbongi, kunye nabaphengululi ngexesha loKuvuselela i-Italiya, wangena kwiGolden Age yaseFlorence kwaye waxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi zoluntu ezininzi esixekweni. Ebutsheni bakhe, wabodlula kude abantakwabo kwaye wafundiswa yi-Greek Scholar, isithandi sobulumko, kunye nobhishophu kunye noonozakuzaku. Wayegqwesa ngokulinganayo kwimisebenzi yomzimba, ethatha inxaxheba ekuhlekiseni, ekuzingeleni, ekuthengiseni nasekuzaleni amahashe ePalio di Siena. Wangena kwezopolitiko eneminyaka eyi-16, ethatha igunya losapho eFlorence kwiminyaka emine kamva. Wasebenzisa kwa amaqhinga asetyenziswa ngabo bangaphambi kwakhe, elawula isixeko ngokungangqalanga kwaye ephembelela ukuhlawulwa, izoyikiso kunye nemitshato yecebo ngoogxa bakhe ukugcina ulawulo olupheleleyo. I-Medicis inesabelo sayo seentshaba, ezingaphelelanga nje ekubajongeleni ngenxa yobutyebi bazo kunye nokubambelela ngenkani kuFlorence, kodwa nangenxa yokuba benganyulelwanga kwesi sikhundla. U-Lorenzo waba negalelo ekwakheni umanyano olunqabileyo namazwe alwayo edolophu yase-Italiya, awayo emva nje kokubhubha kwakhe. Ushiye ii-asethi zebhanki zikaMedici ziphelile, uqoqosho sele lusokola kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokwakha zikamkhulu wakhe, ukuphathwa gwenxa, iimfazwe, kunye nenkcitho yezopolitiko phambi kwakhe.
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg (Bronzino kunye neworkshop [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lorenzo_de%27_Medici-ritratto.jpg (UGirolamo Macchietti [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Lorenzo_di_Medici.jpg (URafael [Indawo yoluntu])
Ityala lemifanekiso https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ifayile:Verrocchio_Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg 
Ityala lemifanekiso https://www.flickr.com/photos/ [imeyile ikhuselwe] / 4920538541 Ngaphambili Okulandelayo Ubuntwana kunye noBomi bokuqala U-Lorenzo wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1, 1449, kwisebe elinamandla nelisisityebi laseFlorentine losapho lakwaMedici. Abazali bakhe yayinguPiero di Cosimo de 'Medici noLucrezia Tornabuoni. Wayenabantakwabo abane: oodade uMaria, uBianca, noLucrezia, kunye nomntakwabo uGiuliano. Utatomkhulu wakhe, uCosimo de ’Medici wayeyindoda enombono nobuchule, engowokuqala kusapho lwakhe ukuxhasa iBhanki iMedici kunye noRhulumente waseFlorentine kunye. Umthetho wakhe wongezwa bubutyebi bakhe obuninzi, inxenye enkulu yayo yayisetyenziselwa iinjongo zolawulo kunye namanyathelo okunceda, kunye nokuxhasa uphuhliso lobugcisa nenkcubeko kwilizwe ledolophu. Kwamenza waduma ngokumangalisayo kwaye wadibanisa indawo yosapho. Ngexesha lokuphatha kukayise, uPiero de Medici, okwabizwa ngokuba nguPiero the Gouty, akazange athathe inxaxheba kulawulo, kokubini ngenxa yokungabikho komdla kunye nempilo enkenenkene, kwaye wayenelisekile njengomxhasi kunye nomqokeleli wezobugcisa. Umfazi wakhe, uLucrezia, wabhala iisonethi kwaye wakhuthaza imibongo kunye neengxoxo zefilosofi. UmntakwaboPiero, uGiovanni di Cosimo de 'Medici wabizwa njengophetheyo katata wabo kodwa ngelishwa waphinda uCosimo. Ngo-1461, uPiero waba nguMedici wokugqibela ukunyulwa njengoGonfaloniere wezoBulungisa. U-Lorenzo kwathiwa ulutsha olukrelekrele ngokukodwa, olunomdla kwaye olunobuqili olunencasa ehlaziyiweyo kuluntu nakwinkcubeko. Oqaqambileyo kwisizukulwana sakhe seMedicis, usapho lwakhe luqinisekisile ukuba imfundo yakhe yongeza ubuchule bakhe. Wafundiswa sisithandi sobulumko sobuntu uMarsilio Ficino kunye nobhishophu kunye nozakuzaku weeNtlanga de 'Becchi. Umphengululi ongumGrike nesithandi sobulumko uJohn Argyropoulos wamqeqesha ngesiGrike. U-Lorenzo noGiuliano bathatha inxaxheba rhoqo kwiitumente ezihlekisayo, ukuthengisa kunye nokuzingela. Bazala amahashe kwimidyarho enje ngePalio de Siena. Ngama-akhawunti aliqela, uGiuliano wayemhle ngakumbi. U-Lorenzo wayeyindoda enobude obuphakathi, enamagxa abanzi, imilenze emifutshane. Wayenebala elimnyama kwaye wayenempumlo ejijekileyo, amehlo anamehlo amfutshane, kunye nelizwi elirhabaxa. Qhubeka nokuFunda apha ngezantsi Ukunyuka kwamandla U-Cosimo wasweleka ngo-1464, kwaye kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, u-Lorenzo wangena kwezopolitiko eneminyaka eyi-16. UPiero ngobulumko wasebenzisa ubuqhetseba nobulumko bonyana wakhe kwi-diplomacy, emthumela ukuba ahlangane noPapa kunye nezinye iinkokheli zaseYurophu zangoku. Emva kokusweleka kukatata wakhe nge-2 kaDisemba ngo-1469, uLorenzo wathabatha uxanduva losapho lakwaMedici wabaleka uFlorence ngoncedo lukaGiuliano noLucrezia njengabacebisi. Njengalo lonke usapho lwakhe, uLorenzo akazange alawule ngokuthe ngqo kodwa ngokugwetywa kwibhunga lesixeko. Esona sigxeko sikhulu sagxekwa kuye yayikukuba wayeyidepot kwaye ngelixa uFlorence ephumelela kulawulo lwakhe, abantu babengenayo kwaphela inkululeko yezopolitiko. Ngokuqinisekileyo kwamqumbela inzondo kwiintsapho ezaziphikisanayo zaseFlorentine ezaziziva zinamandla amancinci kwisimo sedolophu. I-Alum yayiyinto yorhwebo ebalulekileyo kumashishini aliqela afana nokwenza iiglasi, ukushuka kunye nelaphu, kwaye uninzi lwemithombo yayo yayikwindawo eziphantsi kolawulo lwe-Ottoman. Ke xa yafunyanwa eVolterra, abantu besi sixeko bafuna inkxaso yeBhanki yaseMedici. U-Lorenzo wabandakanyeka kumzamo wesixeko wokumbiwa kwemigodi ngo-1462 okanye ngo-1463. Kodwa iVolterrans, yakhawuleza yaqonda ixabiso le-alum mine, yaququzelela imvukelo kunye nokuzahlula kubaphathi babo baseFlorentine. U-Lorenzo owayenomsindo wathumela umkhosi wamajoni esixekweni, awathi kwangoko wawasusa. Ebona impazamo yakhe, wagidima waya eVolterra ukuyilungisa, kodwa iya kuhlala iyinto ebubudenge emsebenzini wakhe. Iintshaba eziphambili zeMedicis eFlorence yayilusapho lakwaPazzi. Ngo-Epreli 26, 1478, u-Lorenzo no-Giuliano bahlaselwa kwi-Cathedral yase-Santa Maria del Fiore liqela elalikhokelwa ngu-Francesco de 'Pazzi, u-Girolamo Riario, no-Francesco Salviati, u-Archbishop wase-Pisa, bekhuthazwa ngu-Pope Sixtus IV ngokwakhe. Esi siganeko saziwa njenge-'Pazzi Conspiracy '. UGiuliano wagwazwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye wophe wabhubha kumgangatho wecawa. U-Lorenzo, ngoncedo lwembongi u-Angelo Ambrogini, ukwazile ukubaleka enobungozi, kodwa engoyikisi ubomi. Xa abantu besiva ngeli yelenqe, basabela ngenkohlakalo. Bonke abo benza iyelenqe kunye namalungu osapho amaninzi amsulwa athathwa aza abulawa. Abanye, njengoKhadinali Raffaele Riario, basindiswa kukungenelela kukaLorenzo kwangexesha. Ukhuseleko lobuGcisa U-Lorenzo wabamba abanye babaculi ababalulekileyo nabanempembelelo yobudala bakhe enkundleni yakhe, kubandakanya abantakwabo Pollaiuolo, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti, Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, no Andrea del Verrocchio. UMichelangelo wahlala kwikhaya lakwaMedici iminyaka emihlanu, esitya noLorenzo kunye nosapho kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiintetho ezazikhokelwa nguMarsilio Ficino. Ithala leencwadi iMedici, ngoku elaziwa njengeThala leeNcwadi laseLaurentian, laqala ngokuqokelela incwadi yobuqu kaCosimo. U-Lorenzo wayandisa i-cache yayo, ethumela iiarhente zakhe ukuba zithathe imibhalo-ngqangi kunye neencwadi ezindala. Wayebakhuphela kwaye bawasasaze kulo lonke elaseYurophu. I-humanist eyaziwayo, uLornzo wayengumxhasi wezithandi zobulumko ezazifuna ukudibanisa iimfundiso zikaPlato kunye nobuKristu. Qhubeka nokufunda apha ngezantsi Imbongi ngokwakhe, imisebenzi yakhe kwilizwe lakhe laseTuscan labhiyozela ubomi, uthando, amatheko kunye nokukhanya. Wayedla ngokujika elusizi kwimibhalo yakhe, ecinga ngobu ethe-ethe nokungazinzi kwemeko yomntu. Ukulandela iinyawo zikayise notatomkhulu phambi kwakhe, uLorenzo wasebenzisa isixa esikhulu sobutyebi bakhe kwisisa, izakhiwo kunye neerhafu. Akazange azisole, ucinga ukuba imali isetyenziswe kakuhle. Emva kweyelenqe likaPazzi Iyelenqe likaPazzi kunye nentshutshiso eyalandelayo yabaxhasi bakaSixtus IV yaba neziphumo ezibi. UPopu wagxotha uLorenzo nakulawulo luphela, wayalela ukuba kuhluthwe zonke izinto zeMedici eRoma nangaphandle, kwaye ekugqibeleni wabeka uFlorence phantsi kothintelo, ethintela ubunzima kunye nomthendeleko. Wafikelela kwingalo yomkhosi kapopu, uKumkani uFerdinand I waseNaples, owathumela unyana wakhe, uAlfonso II waseNaples, ukuba aye kuhlasela iRiphabliki yaseFlorentine. U-Lorenzo wayenenkxaso yabantu bakhe, kodwa ukusuka e-Bologna nase-Milan, amahlakani aqhelekileyo e-Medicis, akukho ncedo lwaluzayo. Kwintshukumo engaqhelekanga nethembekileyo, uLornzo waya eNaples wazibeka elugcinweni lukaKumkani waseNeapolitan. Emva kweenyanga ezintathu wakhululwa kwaye uFerdinand wamnceda ekwenzeni isivumelwano soxolo noopopu. Uye waphucula ubudlelwane phakathi kwezixeko ezahlukeneyo zase-Italiya ukuze zibeke phambili ngokudibeneyo ngokuchasene nemikhosi yangaphandle efana neFrance, iSpain, kunye ne-Ottoman Empire. Iminyaka kamva kunye nokufa Ukuphela kwexesha lokuhlala kwakhe, amasebe aliqela eBhanki iMedici ayesele ewile ngenxa yemali mboleko ezimbi kwaye uLorenzo wancitshiswa ukuba enze ubugqwetha kwintembeko nakumbuso. Kwakungeloxesha apho uGirolamo Savonarola, umfo waseDominican owayekholelwa ukuba amaKristu alahlekile kwiindlela zamaGrike namaRoma, aziwa eFlorence. U-Lorenzo wasweleka ngo-Epreli 8, 1492, kwilali yosapho yaseCareggi. Wangcwatywa kwiCawa yaseSan Lorenzo ecaleni komntakwabo. Ubomi boBuntu kunye nelifa UCarlice Orsini, umfazi wakhe wexesha elizayo, wayeyintombi kaJacopo Orsini kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nomzala wakhe uMaddalena Orsini. Intsapho, eyayizinze eRoma, yayisisityebi kwaye ikwinqanaba eliphezulu lenkundla kapopu. Ngomzamo wokuphelisa ubutshaba obukhulayo phakathi koopopu kunye noFlorence oqhubela phambili kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kukunyusa imeko yabo kwezentlalo, i-Medicis yafumana amathemba afanelekileyo omtshakazi eClarice. U-Lucrezia Tornabuoni waya e-Roma ukuya kudibana no-Orsinis, apho umntakwabo u-Giovanni Tornabuoni, umlawuli wesebe lase-Roma le-Medici Bank, wayesebenza njengomlamli. Wabuza uClarice kakuhle. Ukuhlolwa kwakhe, okunokubonakala kungathandekiyo ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje kodwa yayiqhelekile ngelo xesha, kufanelekile ukuba kwamonelisile, kuba wabhala uphononongo oluqaqambileyo lwabo bangangumolokazana wabo kwileta eya kumyeni wakhe. Kungekudala emva koko, uLorenzo ngokwakhe waya eRoma wadibana noClice. Xa wanika imvume yakhe, iingxoxo zesivumelwano somtshato zaqala, ezaziza kuthabatha ixesha elingangonyaka. Ekugqibeleni, kwafikelelwa kwisivumelwano, kwaye phakathi kwezinye iinkcukacha, kuchazwe ikhazi leentyatyambo ezingama-6,000. U-Lorenzo watshata no-Clarice ngummeli ngo-Februwari 7, 1469 kwaye ngobuqu ngoJuni 4. Nangona kunjalo, umtshato awuzange ufumane nkxaso ininzi kubantu baseFlorence, ekungekho nto incinci kuphela kumbutho wobuntu waseFlorentine wokutshata ngokuqinisekileyo ethembisayo kwaye umfana okrelekrele esixekweni kumfazi okholwayo kunye no-Clarice, kodwa baziva ngathi ukuba i-Medicis ibijonge ngokwenyani ukuphakamisa ukuma kwabo kwezentlalo ngezivumelwano zomtshato, bekufanele ukuba bakhethe umfazi wase-Florentine omi kakuhle. Ukubuyisa isixeko sakhe, uLornzo wagqiba kwelokuba azise umfazi wakhe omtsha ngetumente yokuqhula eyayibanjelwe ukubhiyozela usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe lwe-20. Wada waphumelela itumente, apho oonyana bakwintsapho ebalulekileyo baseFlorence bakhuphisana khona. Umanyano luvelise abantwana abalishumi: uLucrezia Maria Romola (owazalwa ngo-1470-1553), amawele asweleka kwangoko emva kokuzalwa (1471), uPiero di Lorenzo (1472-1503), uMaria Maddalena Romola (1473-1528)), uContessina Beatrice (1474, Khange asinde ebusaneni), Giovanni di Lorenzo (1475-1521), Luisa (1477-88), Contessina Antonia Romola (1478-1515), kunye Giuliano de 'Medici, Duke of Nemours (1479-1516). U-Lorenzo naye wamkela unyana womntakwabo uGiuliano ongekho mthethweni, uGiulio, owathi kamva wanyuka esihlalweni sobupapa njengo-Clement VII. Oyena mntu wayedume ukuba yinkosikazi yakhe yayinguLucrezia Donati, intombi encinci kaManno Donati kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, uCaterine Bardi. I-Donatis yayiyintsapho ecekethekileyo evela eFlorence. Ngokwengcamango exhaphakileyo, wadibana noLorenzo emtshatweni womnye wabahlobo bakhe abasondeleyo, ngaphambi komtshato wakhe noClarice. Apho, uLucrezia, wayesele etshatele kuNiccolo Ardinghelli iminyaka emithathu, kuyabonakala ukuba wamnika isithsaba seentyatyambo, awamcela ukuba asinxibe ngendlela emnandi ukubonisa uthando kuye. Wenza kanye loo nto, kwaye wayephethe ibhena eyayinomfanekiso wayo, yenziwe ngu-Botticelli. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, babetshintshana iileta aze uLorenzo abhale umbongo we-bucolic 'waseKorinte' ecinga ngaye. Umcimbi kulindeleke ukuba uqhubeke de wasweleka ngo-1492; nangona kunjalo, khange ivelise bantwana. UPiero di Lorenzo, unyana wakhe wamazibulo, owayezokwaziwa njengoPiero ngelishwa, wangena ezihlangwini zakhe njengentloko yosapho lakwaMedici kunye nomlawuli weFlorence. Kodwa ngenxa yobuthathaka bukaPiero, ikratshi nokungaziphathi kakuhle, wayichitha ipropathi katata wakhe kwaye waphantse wazisa usapho kuye. Umntakwabo, uGiovanni, owaba nguPopu Leo X, wabuya noFlorence ngo-1512 encediswa ngumkhosi waseSpain wamisela omnye umzalwana, uGiuliano, njengomphathi waseFlorence. Ngo-1529, umthetho wamaMedici eFlorence wamiselwa ngokusesikweni nguPopu Clement VII. U-Alessandro de 'Medici, umzukulwana ka-Lorenzo, waba lilungu lokugqibela kwisebe eliphezulu losapho lakwaMedici ukulawula u-Florence kunye nowokuqala kwizikhulu zelifa lesixeko. Inqaku Umdlali weNgesi uElliot Cowan wadlala uLorenzo kumdlalo weqonga wembali kaStarz 'Iidemon zikaDa Vinci.'
